基本介紹
- 中文名:幾率幅
- 外文名:probability amplitude
- 定義:又稱為量子幅
- 套用學科:量子力學術語
- 範疇:理工科
- 涉及:薛丁格方程
概念,基本原理,
概念
對於給定的量子態
,量子力學計算某一力學量
在該量子態中取各種值的幾率的辦法是,將
用力學量
的本徵函式系
展開:













基本原理
用來描述幾率波的波函式
便被稱為幾率幅(probability amplitude)。在幾率幅描述中,
表示在
點處的體積元
中找到該微觀物質的幾率,或者說是粒子取坐標
的幾率,而將
理解為粒子取動量
的幾率。而在微觀粒子經過Young雙縫時,接收屏上某處
的振幅應該是經過雙縫傳播過來的幾率幅的疊加,即:









可以看出,用幾率幅方式去理解de Broglic波能夠很好地統一描述微觀粒子的波粒二象性:幾率幅
本身是波幅,可以相互疊加並產生干涉,體現微觀粒子的波動性;而一旦(以
幾率)在
被觀測到,便呈現出一個完整的粒子圖像。


