基本介紹
- 中文名:保護鹼基
- 因素1:鹼基數目
- 因素2:鹼基種類
- 關心項目:保護鹼基的數目
原理,添加原則,附表,
原理
在分子克隆實驗中,有時我們會在待擴增的目的基因片段兩端加上特定的酶切位點,用於後續的酶切和連線反應。由於直接暴露在末端的酶切位點不容易直接被限制性核酸內切酶切開,因此在設計PCR引物時,人為的在酶切位點序列的5‘端外側添加額外的鹼基序列,即保護鹼基,用來提高將來酶切時的活性。
其次,在分子克隆實驗中選擇載體的酶切位點時,相鄰的兩個酶切位點往往不能同時使用,因為一個位點切割後留下的鹼基過少以至於影響旁邊的酶切位點切割。
添加原則
添加保護鹼基,需要考慮兩個因素:一是鹼基數目,一是鹼基種類。
添加保護鹼基時,最關心的應該是保護鹼基的數目,而不是種類。什麼樣的酶切位點,添加幾個保護鹼基,是有數據可以參考的,見附表。
添加什麼保護鹼基,如果嚴格點,是根據兩條引物的Tm值和各引物的鹼基分布及GC含量。如果某條引物Tm值偏小,GC%較低,添加時多加G或C,反之亦反。
附表
Fermentas提供的保護鹼基數目和酶切活性對應值表
註:酶切活性值出現空格時參考前一格。
內切酶 | 鹼基數目和酶切活性(%) | ||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
AarI | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
AasI | 50-100 | ||||
AatII | 0 | 0-20 | 20-50 | 50-100 | |
Acc65I | 0-20 | 50-100 | |||
AdeI | 50-100 | ||||
AjiI | 50-100 | ||||
AluI | 0-20 | 20-50 | 50-100 | ||
Alw21I | 50-100 | ||||
Alw26I | 50-100 | ||||
Alw44I | 0 | 20-50 | 50-100 | ||
ApaI | 50-100 | ||||
BamHI | 50-100 | ||||
BauI | 0-20 | 20-50 | 50-100 | ||
BcnI | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
BclI | 0 | 50-100 | |||
BcuI | 50-100 | ||||
BfiI | 50-100 | ||||
BfmI | 50-100 | ||||
BfuI | 50-100 | ||||
BglI | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
BglII | 0 | 50-100 | |||
Bme1390I | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
BoxI | 0 | 50-100 | |||
BpiI | 50-100 | ||||
Bpu10I | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
Bpu1102I | 50-100 | ||||
BseDI | 0 | 50-100 | |||
BseGI | 50-100 | ||||
BseJI | 0 | 50-100 | |||
BseLI | 0 | 50-100 | |||
BseMI | 0-20 | 50-100 | |||
BseMII | 50-100 | ||||
BseNI | 0 | 50-100 | |||
BseSI | 50-100 | ||||
BseXI | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
Bsh1236I | 50-100 | ||||
Bsh1285I | 0-20 | 50-100 | |||
BshNI | 50-100 | ||||
BshTI | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
Bsp68I | 0 | 50-100 | |||
Bsp119I | 50-100 | ||||
Bsp120I | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
Bsp143I | 50-100 | ||||
Bsp1407I | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
BspLI | 50-100 | ||||
BspPI | 0 | 50-100 | |||
BspTI | 0 | 0-20 | 50-100 | ||
Bst1107I | 0-20 | 50-100 | |||
BstXI | 0 | 50-100 | |||
Bsu15I | 50-100 | ||||
BsuRI | 0-20 | 20-50 | 50-100 | ||
BveI | 0-20 | 50-100 | |||
CaiI | 0 | 0-20 | 50-100 | ||
CfrI | 0 | 50-100 | |||
Cfr9I | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
Cfr10I | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
Cfr13I | 50-100 | ||||
Cfr42I | 50-100 | ||||
CpoI | 50-100 | ||||
CseI | 50-100 | ||||
Csp6I | 50-100 | ||||
DpnI | 50-100 | ||||
DraI | 0 | 0-20 | 50-100 | ||
Eam1104I | 0 | 50-100 | |||
Eam1105I | 0 | 50-100 | |||
Ecl136II | 50-100 | ||||
Eco24I | 50-100 | ||||
Eco31I | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
Eco32I | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
Eco47I | 50-100 | ||||
Eco47III | 0 | 0-20 | 50-100 | ||
Eco52I | 0-20 | 50-100 | |||
Eco57I | 50-100 | ||||
Eco57MI | 50-100 | ||||
Eco72I | 0-20 | 50-100 | |||
Eco81I | 50-100 | ||||
Eco88I | 50-100 | ||||
Eco91I | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
Eco105I | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
Eco130I | 0 | 50-100 | |||
Eco147I | 0 | 50-100 | |||
EcoO109I | 50-100 | ||||
EcoRI | 50-100 | ||||
EcoRII | 0 | 0-20 | 20-50 | 50-100 | |
EheI | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
Esp3I | 50-100 | ||||
FaqI | 0-20 | 50-100 | |||
FspAI | 0-20 | 20-50 | 50-100 | ||
FspBI | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
GsuI | 50-100 | ||||
HhaI | 50-100 | ||||
Hin1I | 50-100 | ||||
Hin1II | 0 | 0-20 | 50-100 | ||
Hin6I | 0 | 0-20 | 50-100 | ||
HincII | 50-100 | ||||
HindIII | 0 | 0-20 | 50-100 | ||
HinfI | 50-100 | ||||
HpaII | 0-20 | 50-100 | |||
HphI | 0 | 50-100 | |||
Hpy8I | 0-20 | 50-100 | |||
HpyF3I | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
HpyF10VI | 50-100 | ||||
KpnI | 50-100 | ||||
Kpn2I | 0 | 50-100 | |||
KspAI | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
LguI | 50-100 | ||||
LweI | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
MbiI | 0 | 0-20 | 50-100 | ||
MboI | 50-100 | ||||
MboII | 50-100 | ||||
MlsI | 0-20 | 50-100 | |||
MluI | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
MnlI | 0 | 50-100 | |||
Mph1103I | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
MspI | 0-20 | 50-100 | |||
MssI | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
MunI | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
MvaI | 0 | 20-50 | 50-100 | ||
Mva1269I | 0 | 50-100 | |||
NcoI | 0 | 50-100 | |||
NdeI* | 0-20 | 20-50 | 50-100 | ||
NheI | 0 | 20-50 | 50-100 | ||
NmuCI | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
NotI | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
NsbI | 0 | 0-20 | 50-100 | ||
OliI | 0-20 | 20-50 | 50-100 | ||
PaeI | 0 | 0-20 | 20-50 | 50-100 | |
PagI | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
PasI | 50-100 | ||||
PauI | 0 | 50-100 | |||
PdiI | 0-20 | 50-100 | |||
PdmI | 50-100 | ||||
PfeI | 50-100 | ||||
Pfl23II | 0-20 | 20-50 | 50-100 | ||
PfoI | 0 | 20-50 | 50-100 | ||
Ppu21I | 50-100 | ||||
PscI | 0 | 50-100 | |||
Psp5II | 0 | 50-100 | |||
Psp1406I | 0-20 | 50-100 | |||
PsuI | 0-20 | 50-100 | |||
PstI | 0-20 | 50-100 | |||
PsyI | 0 | 50-100 | |||
PvuI | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
PvuII | 50-100 | ||||
RsaI | 50-100 | ||||
SacI | 50-100 | ||||
SalI | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
SatI | 0 | 50-100 | |||
ScaI | 0-20 | 50-100 | |||
SchI | 50-100 | ||||
SdaI | 0-20 | 50-100 | |||
SduI | 50-100 | ||||
SfiI | 50-100 | ||||
SgsI | 50-100 | ||||
SmaI | 50-100 | ||||
SmiI | 0-20 | 50-100 | |||
SmoI | 0 | 50-100 | |||
SmuI | 50-100 | ||||
SsiI | 50-100 | ||||
SspI | 0-20 | 50-100 | |||
TaaI | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
TaiI | 50-100 | ||||
TaqI | 0 | 20-50 | 50-100 | ||
TasI | 0 | 20-50 | 50-100 | ||
TatI | 0-20 | 20-50 | 50-100 | ||
TauI | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
Tru1I | 0 | 0-20 | 50-100 | ||
TsoI | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
Van91I | 0 | 50-100 | |||
VspI | 50-100 | ||||
XagI | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
XapI | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
XbaI | 20-50 | 50-100 | |||
XceI | 0 | 50-100 | |||
XhoI | 0-20 | 50-100 | |||
XmaJI | 50-100 | ||||
XmiI | 50-100 | ||||
I-SceI | 50-100 |