企業政治行為研究--戰術種類及影響因素

《企業政治行為研究--戰術種類及影響因素》是2009年對外經濟貿易大學出版社出版書籍，作者是李嵐。

基本介紹

• 書名：企業政治行為研究--戰術種類及影響因素
• 作者：李嵐
• 出版社：對外經濟貿易大學出版社
• 出版時間：2009年7月
• 定價：34.00
• 開本：異16/膠紙
• 裝幀：平裝
• ISBN：9787811343953
• 版次/印次：1/1
• 字數/頁數：406千字/332

內容簡介

企業經營的環境複雜多變，這可能為其創造機會也可能為其帶來威脅。這些機會和威脅的其中一個來源就是政府的政策與法律。因為這些政策與法律會強烈影響市場的競爭格局，調整市場中各企業的收益和負擔，所以企業有必要密切關注政府政策的制定和改變，並及時做出反應與戰略上的調整。但是，企業並不是只能被動地反應，還可以通過自身的活動主動地改善其政治和法律環境。企業的這種活動即被稱為企業的政治行為，而企業在此過程中採取的影響政府立法的具體手段即被稱為企業的政治戰術。

目錄

Abbreviations（7）

Tables（15）

Figures（17）

Chapter 1　Introduction（1）

Chapter 2　Literature Review（6）

2.1　The Definition of Corporate Political Action（7）

2.2　The Aims of Corporate Political Actions（10）

2.3　The Functions of Public Affairs/Government Relations in Firms（11）

2.4　The Types of CPAs（12）

2.5　The Factors Influencing the Level of CPAs（17）

2.6　The Effects of Corporate Political Actions（32）

2.7　How Do Firms Take Effective Political Actions?（34）

2.8　Corporate Political Actions in MNEs（39）

2.9　Corporate Political Actions in the EU（41）

2.10　Summary（43）

Chapter 3　Aims and Approach（45）

3.1　The Research Aims and Questions（45）

3.2　The Approach to the Project（47）

3.3　Choosing the Sample Firms（49）

3.4　The Sample Firms（65）

3.5　The Sources of Data（67）

3.6　Summary（70）

Chapter 4　The Cases（71）

4.1　Altria Group Inc. —Philip Morris（71）

4.2　Imperial Tobacco Group Plc.（94）

4.3　CigTec Tobacco, LLC（103）

4.4　British American Tobacco Plc.（107）

4.5　Pfizer Inc.（119）

4.6　GlaxoSmithKline Plc.（138）

4.7　Bradley Pharmaceuticals, Inc.（156）

4.8　Provalis Plc.（157）

4.9　Bechtel Group Inc.（161）

4.10　Balfour Beatty Plc.（174）

4.11　J.S. Vig Construction Co.（184）

4.12　William Birch & Sons Ltd.（185）

4.13　Wal-Mart Stores Inc.（188）

4.14　Tesco Stores Plc.（205）

4.15　D & W Food Centres Inc.（216）

4.16　E.H. Booth & Co. Ltd.（220）

Chapter 5　Corporate Political Tactics（225）

5.1　The Viability and Comprehensiveness of Hillman and Hitts List

of CPTs（225）

5.2　The Direct and Indirect Nature of the CPTs（235）

5.3　The Open and Secretive Nature of CPTs（237）

5.4　Summary（239）

Chapter 6　Firm Size and Corporate Political Tactics（241）

6.1　Comparison between Individual Companies of Different Sizes（241）

6.2　An Overall Comparison（243）

6.3　Summary and Discussion（247）

Chapter 7　Industrial Regulatory Pressure and Corporate Political

Tactics（250）

7.1　Comparison between Individual Companies（250）

7.2　An Overall Comparison（259）

7.3　Summary and Discussion（264）Chapter 8　Industrial Life-cycle and Corporate Political Tactics（266）

8.1　The Comparison between Individual Companies（266）

8.2　An Overall Comparison between the Two Groups of Companies（273）

8.3　Summary and Discussion（275）

Chapter 9　Country and Corporate Political Tactics（277）

9.1　Comparison between Individual Companies（277）

9.2　An Overall Comparison of the CPTs（293）

9.3　Summary and Discussion（296）

Chapter 10　Conclusions（301）

10.1　The Effects of Firm Size on the Combination of CPTs（303）

10.2　The Effects of Industrial Regulatory Pressure on the Combination

of CPTs（308）

10.3　The Effects of Industry Maturity on the Combination of CPTs（312）

10.4　The Effects of the National Context on the Combination of CPTs

（318）

10.5　Discussion and Further Research（323）

10.6　Conclusions（330）

Tables

Table 2-1　Literature Concerning Corporate Political Actions in Management

Studies（8）

Table 2-2　Categories of Influence Strategies and Specific Techniques Employed

to Influence Legislation（14）

Table 2-3　Taxonomy of Political Strategies（16）

Table 2-4　The Existing Research on the Determinants of CPAs（18）

Table 3-1　The Matrix for Selecting Sample Firms of This Project（49）

Table 3-2　The Major Differences between the British and American Political

Structure and System（57）

Table 3-3　The Major Differences between the Laws Governing the Assembly,

Political Donations and Lobbying by Interest Groups in the UK and

US（59）

Table 3-4　The Regulatory Pressure of the Industries in the UK（63）

Table 3-5　The Regulatory Pressure of the Industries in the US（63）

Table 3-6　The Identification of the Stages of the Four Industries in Their Life

Cycle in the UK and US（64）

Table 3-7　The 16 Companies Selected for the Research（67）

Table 3-8　The Semi-structured Interviews with Company Executives and

Managers （69）

Table 4-1　The Size of Altria Groups Government Affairs Team in

1997-2005　（76）

Table 4-2　The Size of B&Ws Government Relations Function in 1997-2004

（116）

Table 4-3　The Size of Pfizers Government Relations Team in 1997-2005

（123）

Table 4-4　Pfizers Contribution to Federal Candidates and Parties（126）

Table 4-5　The Lobbying Expenditure and Number of Lobbyists of Pfizer at the

Federal Level 1997-2003（129）

Table 4-6　The Size of GSKs Government Affairs Team in 1997-2005

（150）

Table 4-7　The Political Donations of GSK at the Federal Level of American

Government（154）

Table 4-8　GSKs Lobbying Spending and the Number of Lobbyists at the

Federal Level of the American Government in 1990-2003（155）

Table 4-9　The Size of Bechtels Government Relations Team in

1997-2005（170）

Table 4-10　The Size of Wal-Marts Government Relations Team in

1997-2005（195）

Table 5-1　The Extended List and Category of Corporate Political Tactics

(ELCPT)（226）

Table 5-2　The Tactics Employed by the Companies（231）

Table 5-3　The Direct and Indirect Category of Corporate Political

Tactics（236）

Table 5-4　The “Secretive (Low Profile)” and “Open (High Profile)”

Nature of Corporate Political Tactics（238）

Table 6-1　The Comparison between Individual Firms with Different

Sizes（241）

Table 7-1　The Comparison between Individual Companies under Different

Regulatory Pressure（250）

Table 8-1　The Comparison between Individual Companies from Industries

That are Operating at Different Stages of Their Life-Cycle（266）

Table 9-1　The Comparison between Individual Companies from the UK and

the US（277）

Table 10-1　Predications of Product Life Cycle Theories about Strategy,

Competition and Performance（314）Figures

Figure 4-1　The Organizational Structure of Altrias Government Affairs in

the US（75）

Figure 4-2　The Organizational Structure of PM Internationals Government

Affairs in the UK（90）

Figure 4-3　The Organizational Structure of Imperials Government Relations

in the UK（97）

Figure 4-4　The Organizational Structure of BATs Government Affairs in the

UK（109）

Figure 4-5　The Organizational Structure of B&Ws Government Relations in

the US（115）

Figure 4-6　The Organizational Structure of Pfizers Government Relations in

the US（122）

Figure 4-7　The Organizational Structure of Pfizers Government Relations in

the UK（135）

Figure 4-8　The Organization Chart of Government Affairs, Europe and

Corporate, GSK（141）

Figure 4-9　The Organizational Structure of GSK (US)s Government

Relations　（151）

Figure 4-10　The Organizational Structure of Bechtels Government Relations

Management（169）

Figure 4-11　The Structure of Balfour Betty for Managing Its Government

Relations in the UK（181）

Figure 4-12　The Organizational Structure of Wal-Marts Government

Relations in the US（194）

Figure 4-13　The Structure of Asda for Organizing Its Government Affairs

（201）

Figure 4-14　Tescos Government Relations Program（207）

Figure 5-1　The Popularity of the Political Tactics（233）

Figure 5-2　The Popularity of the Political Strategies（234）

Figure 5-3　The Application of Direct and Indirect CPTs by the 16 Firms

（237）

Figure 5-4　The Application of Secret and Open Tactics by the Firms to Their

Political Actions（239）

Figure 6-1　The Popularity of the Political Tactics among M/Ss and SLCs

（244）

Figure 6-2　The Popularity of the Strategies among M/Ss and SLCs（245）

Figure 6-3　The “Direct” and “Indirect” Tactics Preferences of M/Sc and

SLCs　（246）

Figure 6-4　The “Secret/Low Profile” and “Open/High Profile” Tactical

Preference of M/Ss and SLCs（247）

Figure 7-1　The Popularity of the Political Tactics among Heavily and

Less-Regulated Industries（260）

Figure 7-2　The Variety of Tactics Used by Heavily and Less-Regulated

Industries（261）

Figure 7-3　The Popularity of Each Type of CPT among the Heavily and

Less-Regulated Industries（262）

Figure 7-4　The Preference for “Direct” and “Indirect”Tactics by the

Firms from the Heavily and Less-Regulated Industries（263）

Figure 7-5　The “Open/High Profile” and “Secretive/Low Profile” Nature

of the Political Tactics Employed by Heavily and Less-Regulated

Industries（263）

Figure 8-1　The Popularity of CPTs among the Mature/Declining and Fast-

growing Industries（273）

Figure 8-2　The Popularity of Political Strategies among Mature/Declining

and Fast-growing Industries（274）

Figure 8-3　The Direct and Indirect Preferences of the Mature/Declining

and Fast-growing Industries（274）

Figure 8-4　The Open/High Profile and Secretive/Low Profile Preference

of the Mature/Declining and Fast-growing Industries in Choosing

Political Tactics（275）

Figure 9-1　The Popularity of the Political Tactics among the Companies

Operating in the UK and the US（294）

Figure 9-2　The Popularity of the Strategies among the Firms in the UK and

the US（295）

Figure 9-3　The “Direct” and “Indirect” Nature of the Political Tactics

Employed by the Firms in the UK and the US（296）

Figure 9-4　The “Secretive/Low Profile” and “Open/High Profile” Nature

of the Political Tactics Employed by the Firms in the UK and

the US（296）