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第一條 為了加強對在中華人民共和國
管轄海域內進行涉外
海洋科學研究活動的管理,促進海洋科學研究的國際交流與合作,維護國家安全和海洋權益,制定本規定。
第二條 本規定適用於國際組織、外國的組織和個人(以下簡稱外方)為和平目的,單獨或者與中華人民共和國的組織(以下簡稱中方)合作,使用船舶或者其他運載工具、設施,在中華人民共和國內海、領海以及中華人民共和國管轄的其他海域內進行的對海洋環境和
海洋資源等的調查研究活動。但是,海洋礦產資源(包括海洋石油資源)勘查、海洋漁業資源調查和國家重點保護的海洋野生動物考察等活動,適用中華人民共和國有關法律、行政法規的規定。
第三條 中華人民共和國國家海洋行政主管部門(以下簡稱國家海洋行政主管部門)及其派出機構或者其委託的機構,對在中華人民共和國管轄海域內進行的涉外海洋科學研究活動,依照本規定實施管理。
國務院其他有關部門根據國務院規定的職責,協同國家海洋行政主管部門對在中華人民共和國管轄海域內刊進行的涉外海洋科學研究活動實施管理。
第四條 在中華人民共和國內海、領海內,外方進行海洋科學研究活動,應當採用與中方合作的方式。在中華人民共和國管轄的其他海域內,外方可以單獨或者與中方合作進行海洋科學研究活動。
外方單獨或者與中方合作進行海洋科學研究活動,須經國家海洋行政主管部門批准或者由國家海洋行政主管部門報請國務院批准,並遵守中華人民共和國的有關法律、法規。
第五條 外方與中方合作進行海洋科學研究活動的,中方應當在海洋科學研究計畫預定開始日期6個月前,向國家海洋行政主管部門提出書面申請,並按照規定提交海洋科學研究計畫和其他有關說明材料。
國家海洋行政主管部門收到海洋科學研究申請後,應當會同外交部、軍事主管部門以及國務院其他有關部門進行審查,在4個月內作出批准或者不批准的決定,或者提出審查意見報請國務院決定。
第六條 經批准進行涉外海洋科學研究活動的,申請人應當在各航次開始之日2個月前,將海上船隻活動計畫報國家海洋行政主管部門審批。國家海洋行政主管部門應當自收到海上船隻活動計畫之日起1個月內作出批准或者不批准的決定,並書面通知申請人,同時通報國務院有關部門。
第七條 有關中外雙方或者外方應當按照經批准的海洋科學研究計畫和海上船隻活動計畫進行海洋科學研究活動;海洋科學研究計畫或者海上船隻活動計畫在執行過程中需要作重大修改的,應當徵得國家海洋行政主管部門同意。
因不可抗力不能執行批准的海洋科學研究計畫或者海上船隻活動計畫的,有關中外雙方或者外方應當及時報告國家海洋行政主管部門;在不可抗力消失後,可以恢復執行、修改計畫或者中止執行計畫。
第八條 進行涉外海洋科學研究活動的,不得將有害物質引入海洋環境,不得擅自鑽探或者作用炸藥作業。
第九條 中外合作使用外國籍調查船在中華人民共和國內海、領海內進行海洋科學研究活動的,作業船舶應當于格林威治時間每天00時和08時,向國家海洋行政主管部門報告船位及船舶活動情況。外方單獨或者中外合作使用外國籍調查船在中華人民共和國管轄的其他海域內進行海洋行政主管部門報告船位及船舶活動情況。
國家海洋行政主管部門或者其派出機構、其委託的機構可以對前款外國籍調查船進行海上監視或者登船檢查。
第十條 中外合作在中華人民共和國內海、領海內進行海洋科學研究活動所獲得的原始資料和樣品,歸中華人民共和國所有,參加合作研究的外方可以依照契約約定無償使用。
中外合作在中華人民共和國管轄的其他海域內進行海洋科學研究活動所獲得的原始資料和樣品,在不違反中華人民共和國有關法律、法規和有關規定的前提下,由中外雙方按照協定分享,都可以無償使用。
外方單獨進行海洋科學研究活動所獲得的原始資料和樣品,中華人民共和國的有關組織可以無償使用;外方應當向國家海洋行政主管部門無償提供所獲得的資料的複製件和可分樣品。
未經國家海洋行政主管部門以及國務院其他有關部門同意,有關中外雙方或者外方不得公開發表或者轉讓在中華人民共和國管轄海域內進行海洋科學研究活動所獲得的原始資料和樣品。
第十一條 中外合作進行的海洋科學研究活動結束後,所使用的外國籍調查船應當接受國家海洋行政主管部門或者其派出機構、其委託的機構檢查。
第十二條 中外合作進行的海洋科學研究活動結束後,中方應當將研究成果和資料目錄抄報國家海洋行政主管部門和國務院有關部門,並及時提供有關階段性研究成果以及最後研究成果和結論。
第十三條 違反本規定進行涉外海洋科學研究活動的,由國家海洋行政主管部門或者其派出機構、其委託的機構責令停止該項活動,可以沒收違法活動器具、沒收違法獲得的資料和樣品,可以單處或者並處5萬元人民幣以下的罰款。
第十四條 中華人民共和國締結或者參加的國際條約與本規定有不同規定的,適用該國際條約的規定;但是,中華人民共和國聲明保留的條款除外。
第十五條 本規定自1996年10月1日起施行。
英文版本
Article 1 These Provisions are formulated for the purposes of strengthening the administration of foreign-related maritime scientific research conducted in the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China, promoting the exchanges and cooperation in maritime scientific research with foreign countries and safeguarding the national security and maritime rights and interests.
Article 2 These Provisions apply to the investigation and research on the marine environment and resources, which are conducted for peace purpose and by use of vessels or other conveyances and installations by international organizations, foreign organizations and individuals (hereinafter referred to as foreign party) independently or in collaboration with the organizations from the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as Chinese party) in the internal seas and territorial seas as well as in other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China, but not to the exploration of marine mineral resources (including marine petroleum resources), the investigation of marine fishery resources and the survey of marine wildlife under special state protection, to which the relevant provisions of laws and regulations of the People's Republic of China apply.
Article 3 The state administrative department of marine affairs of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the state administrative department of marine affairs) together with agencies established or authorized by it shall, according to these Provisions, administer foreign-related maritime scientific research conducted in the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China.
Other competent departments under the State Council shall, within their respective scope of authorities specified by the State Council and in consultation with the state administrative department of marine affairs, administer foreign-related maritime scientific research conducted in the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China.
Article 4 A foreign party intending to conduct maritime scientific research in the internal seas or territorial seas of the People's Republic of China should undertake it in collaboration with a Chinese party. In other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China, a foreign party may conduct maritime scientific research independently or in collaboration with a Chinese party.
A maritime scientific research conducted by a foreign party independently or in collaboration with a Chinese party shall be subject to the approval of the state administrative department of marine affairs, or be reported by the state administrative department of marine affairs to the State Council for the approval, and shall be in conformity to laws and regulations of the People's Republic of China.
Article 5 For a maritime scientific research to be conducted by a foreign party in collaboration with a Chinese party, the Chinese party should, six months before the scheduled implementation of the maritime scientific research plan, apply to the state administrative department of marine affairs in writing and submit the maritime scientific research plan and other relevant explanatory materials as required.
A foreign party intending to conduct maritime scientific research independently should, six months before the scheduled implementation of the maritime scientific research plan, apply to the state administrative department of marine affairs in writing through diplomatic channels and submit the maritime scientific research plan and other relevant explanatory materials as required.
After receiving the application for maritime scientific research, the state administrative department of marine affairs shall examine it in consultation with the Foreign Ministry, the competent military department and other competent departments under the State Council and, within four months, decide whether or not to grant approval or submit an examination report to the State Council for the decision.
Article 6 An applicant having been approved to conduct foreign-related maritime scientific research shall, two months before each voyages, submit his plan for offshore operations by vessel to the state administrative department of marine affairs for the examination and approval. The state administrative department of marine affairs shall, within one month as from the date of receiving the aforesaid plan, decide whether or not to grant approval, notify the applicant in writing and report to relevant departments under the State Council at the same time.
Article 7 The Chinese and foreign parties concerned or the foreign party concerned shall conduct maritime scientific research according to the approved plan for maritime scientific research and the approved plan for offshore operations by vessel. If a major modification of the plan for maritime scientific research or the plan for offshore operations by vessel is required in the course of its implementation, prior approval shall be obtained from the state administrative department of marine affairs.
If force majeure makes it impossible to implement the approved plan for maritime scientific research or the approved plan for offshore operations by vessel, the Chinese and foreign parties concerned or the foreign party concerned shall promptly report the case to the state administrative department of marine affairs. The party concerned may resume the implementation, or modify, or suspend the implementation of the plan when force majeure has disappeared.
Article 8 The introduction into the marine environment of harmful substances, and the exploration or operations by use of explosives without authorization shall be prohibited in conducting foreign-related maritime scientific research.
Article 9 Where Chinese and foreign parties cooperate to conduct maritime scientific research in the internal seas and territorial seas of the People's Republic of China by use of an investigation vessel of foreign nationality, the vessel operating at sea shall, at 00:00 and 08:00 hundred hours Greenwich mean time every day, report to the state administrative department of marine affairs on its position and activity. Where a foreign party, independently or in collaboration with a Chinese party, conducts maritime scientific research in other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China by use of an investigation vessel of foreign nationality, the vessel operating at sea shall, at 02:00 hundred hours Greenwich mean time every day, report to the state administrative department of marine affairs on its position and activity.
The state administrative department of marine affairs or agencies established or authorized by it may exercise surveillance at sea over the investigation vessel of foreign nationality mentioned in the preceding paragraph or embark on the vessel to perform inspection.
Article 10 Where Chinese and foreign parties cooperate to conduct maritime scientific research in the internal seas and territorial seas of the People's Republic of China, original data and samples they have acquired shall belong to the People's Republic of China. The foreign cooperator may use original data and samples free of charge as agreed upon in the contract.
Where Chinese and foreign parties cooperate to conduct maritime scientific research in other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China, original data and samples they have acquired shall be shared Between them according to an agreement, and may be used free of charge by any of them.
Where a foreign party conducts maritime scientific research independently, original data and samples he has acquired may be used free of charge by the relevant organizations of the People's Republic of China. The foreign party shall provide free of charge copies of materials and separable samples so acquired for the state administrative department of marine affairs.
Without the approval of the state administrative department of marine affairs and other competent departments under the State Council, the Chinese and foreign parties concerned or the foreign party concerned shall not publish or transfer original data and samples they have or he has acquired by conducting maritime scientific research in the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China.
Article 11 When a foreign party has independently completed or Chinese and foreign parties have jointly completed maritime scientific research, the investigation vessel of foreign nationality used for the research shall pass the inspection of the state administrative department of marine affairs or agencies established or authorized by it.
Article 12 When Chinese and foreign parties have jointly completed maritime scientific research, the Chinese party shall send copies of the research achievement report and the data list to the state administrative department of marine affairs and other competent departments under the State Council.
A foreign party having independently completed maritime scientific research shall provide data and samples acquired in the research or their copies and separable samples for the state administrative department of marine affairs, and shall promptly provide the research achievements at each stage and the final research achievement and the conclusion.
Article 13 If anyone, in violation of these Provisions, conducts foreign-related maritime scientific research, the state administrative department of marine affairs or agencies established or authorized by it shall order him to stop the research, may confiscate his implements used in the illegal activities and data and samples acquired illegally, and may exclusively or concurrently impose a fine of not more than 50,000 yuan.
If any violation of these Provisions gives rise to heavy losses or serious consequences and thereby a crime has been constituted, the offender shall be investigated for criminal liability.
Article 14 If an international treaty concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China contains provisions that differ from these Provisions, the provisions of the international treaty shall apply, except those on which China has made reservations.
Article 15 These Provisions come into force on October 1, 1996.
拓展內容
海洋科學專業
海洋科學是研究海床、底土、水體、大氣、生物等各界面之間的物質交換、能量流動以及人類活動對海洋的影響導致海洋及其相關層圈發展變化的自然規律的一門學科。儘管人類在遠古時代就開始與海洋打交道,但在17世紀以前,人類對海洋的利用也只是航海和漁鹽之利。一般認為,海洋科學成為一門獨立的學科開始於19世紀後半葉,以1873—1876年的“挑戰者”號海洋調查船的全球海洋調查為其主要里程碑。1942年,著名海洋學家Sverdrup等人編寫的《海洋》專著的出版,標誌著海洋科學作為獨立學科已經形成。
海洋科學既是基礎性學科之一,又是套用科學和工程技術科學。現代海洋科學的研究體系,大體可以分為基礎性學科研究和套用性技術研究兩部分,由物理海洋學、海洋氣象學、海洋生物學、海洋地質學、海洋化學等基礎學科和眾多分支學科及其套用性科學和高技術構成。半個多世紀以來,我國的海洋科學研究和教育與國家、社會、經濟和科學技術的發展緊密地聯繫在一起,海洋科學高等教育也成為我國高等教育的重要組成部分。
有關書籍
《中國海洋科學發展戰略研究》總計六章,第一章闡述了海洋科學的重要戰略地位、我國全面建設小康社會對海洋科學發展的重大戰略需求和中國海洋科學發展戰略研究整體框架。第二章匯集並分析了自20世紀50年代以來,國際海洋科學的重大進展,主要包括海底擴張和板塊構造、海底熱液活動、大洋輸送帶、深海氧同位素線確立和米蘭科維齊旋迴、海洋的變異性、厄爾尼諾和南方濤動、海洋中二氧化碳及其對全球碳循環的貢獻、海洋中放射性示蹤物、極端生態環境和海洋生物多樣性、微型食物網和大洋微型生物群、全球生產力狀態描述、鐵限制假說、海洋天然氣水合物等方面。第三章匯集並分析了自20世紀80年代中期以來,與海洋領域相關的重大國際合作科學研究計畫,主要包括全球變化框架下的相關海洋科學技術研究計畫、深海大洋合作計畫、海洋觀測合作計畫、海底觀測網路計畫和全球有害赤潮研究計畫。第四章匯集並分析了自20世紀90年代中後期以來,我國海洋科學領域的重要國家研究計畫,主要包括國家“973”研究計畫項目、國家自然科學基金項目、國家“863”研究計畫項目、國家科技支撐計畫項目、國家有關部門重大科技專項等。第五章系統闡述了物理海洋學、海洋生物學、海洋化學、海洋地質和地球物理學、海洋生物技術、海洋探測與監測技術、海岸帶綜合管理七大分支學科在海洋科學中的地位和國際發展趨勢,以及我國的研究現狀、主要差距和發展方向等。第六章在綜合分析國際海洋科學研究的主要發展趨勢和我國急需解決的重大海洋科學。
本書被列入九五國家級重點教材,也是面向21世紀課程教材。全書共分十二章,即緒論、地球系統與海底科學,海水的物理特性和世界大洋的層化結構,海水的化學組成和特性,海洋環流,海洋中的波動現象,潮汐,海洋與大氣,海洋生物,海洋中的聲、光傳播及其套用,衛星海洋遙感、中國近海的區域海洋學。與以往的同類教材相比,新增了三章,即海洋與大氣、衛星海洋遙感和中國海的區域海洋學;其他各傳統分支學科的內容也有較多的更新。關於環境保護、污染治理與可持續發展等內容,雖未單獨成章,但在有關章節中均有意強調了這方面的內容。本書可作為海洋科學類本科學生及相近專業學生的基礎課教材,亦可作為相近專業的教學參考用書,對從事相近專業的科技人員或有關行業的管理人員,也有較大的參考價值。
海洋占地球表面積的71%,是人類生存環境的重要組成部分,在調節氣候變化、提供可再生資源和維持生態平衡中起著舉足輕重的作用。人類當前所面臨的地球起源、生命起源、全球變化、可持續發展、資源與環境效應等重大科學問題,都與海洋有重要的直接關係。生命起源於海洋,海洋中棲息著種類繁多、數量巨大的海洋生物。近年來,發現有些海洋深部的生物能在海底高溫、高壓條件下依賴化學合成作用而生存,而不像常識上認為一切生物初級生產力都依賴於光合作用,這將極大地豐富和加深人類對生命起源與演化以及生命活動規律的認識。
海洋學是研究發生在海洋中各種自然現象和過程的性質及其變化規律的一門科學。早期的海洋研究以探險和地理髮現為主,第二次世界大戰以後,由於世界沿海各國認識到海洋在社會、經濟、資源、環境等方面的重要戰略地位,以及認識到海洋在理解全球環境變化和地球系統科學中的重要作用,促使海洋科學迅速發展,逐漸成為當前非常活躍的自然科學分支學科之一。同時,海洋科學又是一門綜合性和交叉性很強的學科,與數學、物理、化學、天文、生物等基礎學科存在著千絲萬縷的聯繫,與社會科學也存在密切聯繫和交叉。