mut

姆特（Mut）是埃及神話中的女神，司掌戰爭，外形為獅子。阿蒙神的妻子，與阿蒙神生有兒子孔斯，此三神即底比斯三柱神。其埃及象形文字意指“禿鷹”，同時也指“母親”。 姆特最初只是底比斯的一個地方神祇，後來才和阿蒙神聯繫起來，成為阿蒙神的妻子。

基本介紹

• 中文名：姆特
• 外文名：mut
• 職業：古埃及的神
• 出處：埃及神話
• 外形：外形為獅子
• 性別：女

介紹

姆特的父親阿蒙拉神，是阿蒙神與太陽神拉的結合，亦即太陽神阿蒙。進入埃及新王國時期後，阿蒙成為了埃及主神，即“埃及之主”，作為其妻子的姆特自然也就獲得了“埃及女主人”的稱號。同時，作為太陽神，阿蒙也是“天空之主”，故姆特也就成為了“天空的女主人”。

姆特是埃及戰爭女神，阿蒙大神的妻子，她為阿蒙大神生下了月神孔蘇神。姆特女神的外形通常是幻化成母獅。Mut這個名字在埃及文中意指母親，是月神孔蘇之母。
雖然姆特女神在埃及神話中流傳下來的故事並不甚多，但是身為阿蒙大神的妻子，她的這一地位卻是受到了古埃及人的崇拜與追求，許多人渴望藉助神妻的這一名號來達成自己的種種目的。
阿蒙神之妻的頭銜第一次出現於古埃及的第十王朝與十二王朝，當時是由非王室的婦女擁有這個頭銜，她們服役於閔、阿蒙與普塔。但從新王國時期開始，王室婦女（通常為王后或是國王的母親）開始占有這個頭銜，這是神妻力量與聲望的首次體現，“阿蒙神之妻”的頭銜“指的是國王神聖誕生的神話，據說阿蒙神使國王的母親受孕”。
這個職務理論上是神聖不可侵犯的，事實上不過是埃及法老確保“王權高於底比斯宗教與阿蒙強大的神官之上”的政治工具，優先使用這頭銜的是國王的大王妻，最先占有這職位的是阿赫摩斯一世的妻子阿赫摩斯-涅弗爾塔里王后，這件事記載於卡納克阿蒙神廟的一塊銘碑上，這角色在當時似乎已成了底比斯阿蒙神廟的重要祭司職務。
在哈特普舍特的紅教堂內的一系列布景描繪出神妻與一位男祭司正接受某種儀式或典禮，目的似乎是為了毀滅敵人之名，其它地方的場景描繪神妻在拜神，於聖湖中受洗，然後隨著國王進入聖殿。這些再次表明這角色的重要性，但涉及到實際事務與責任的跡象似乎很少。
阿蒙神之妻的職務到後來埃及的第三中間期到達政治權力的頂端，奧索爾孔三世的女兒舍佩努佩特一世在底比斯最先被委以這個職務，接著努比亞國王卡什塔命他的女兒阿美尼迪斯作為舍佩努佩特的繼承人，阿美尼迪斯在墨底涅特哈布的墓地闡明了這一職務崇高地位，後來塞特國王薩姆提克一世於公元前656年3月讓埃及歸於他的鐵腕統治之下，他要求阿蒙大神妻皮葉的女兒舍佩努佩特二世侍候，然後讓他自己的女兒尼托刻里斯繼承了這一職位， 這職務一直持續到公元前525年尼托刻里斯的繼承者安刻赫涅斯弗瑞柏瑞那裡，當波斯人推翻埃及最後的塞特統治者薩姆提克二世後，阿蒙大神妻的職位就此在歷史上劃下句點。

Goddess Mut Temple Karnak Luxor ancient Thebes Egypt

Goddess Mut Temple at Karnak Thebes Egypt was dedicated to the feminine counterpart of Amon Re or Ra as a triad she was the mother of Menthu the god of war but eventually Khensu, Khons or Khonsu a lunar god replaced Menthu; they were the preferred triad in Egypt after the Theban families took power as rulers Egypt during the “New Egyptian Empire” period.

Mut is a word that in ancient Egyptian meant mother, usually she is depicted as goddess mother represented by a white vulture also by a lion headed woman that at times wears a serpent’s crown as a serpent or by a woman wearing the crowns of North and South Egypt.

Goddess Mut during the “Old Egyptian Empire” period she was a self begotten celestial goddess, associated with Mut or Nanuet the female counterpart of Mu; two deities of the primeval Ogdoad that represent the cosmic eternal waters from where everything sprung out during the creation, they were the creators.

Being the gaddesses Wadjet and Nekhebet, the serpent and vulture goddesses of symbol of Lower and Upper Egypt respectively as well Bast and Sekhmet the Lioness goddesses that represented the two eyes of Ra along with the two parts that conformed Egypt when this country was reunified again specially during the “New Egyptian Empire” period, all these goddesses were absorbed by Mut.

As the Theban pharaohs grew in power during eighteenth dynasty thought the twentieth dynasty, Mut became more popular in all Egypt and many temples were built in her honor at different cities however Mut’s principal worshiping center was at Thebes for the reason that she was the goddess of this capital city; her temple was located in the road East to West that connected Karnack and Luxor temples; all the rituals and administrative deeds were performed solely by women at this sanctuary and the Queen was the highest authority of the temple. Mut was the invisible deity and the pharaoh’s symbolic mother.

Goddess Mut also had a precinct with trapezoidal perimeter and an artificial lake with half moon shape at the Karnack complex right by the side of Amon Ra place of worship at Karnak there were celebrated the festival of Nut that consisted in placing her statue in a barge and made her navigate in the lake celebrating the new year festival.

God Amon also visited the crescent shaped lake in its own boat as a fertility ritual; water rituals where of great importance in ancient Egypt surrounded by deserts water was the most meaningful symbol of life and related water with the cosmos it represented the eternal waters where the sun, moon and stars navigated daily and the associated it as the place were gods dwell and will be the abode for their spirits in afterlife.

Mut was the cosmogony goddess mother of everything and Imperial deity, in the form of Lioness she also was the goddess that protected Egypt.

Her worship lasted over two thousand years but there is no doubt that Mut was preferred when related to Nekhebet the vulture Mother goddess of Upper Egypt because she was more akin to this goddess than any other goddess but eventually Amon was absorbed by Ra Mut was absorbed by Hathor and finally all were absorbed by Isis, her believes and rituals were practiced for many centuries deep in the present Era and spread out to Rome, Greece and as far as Britain.

姆特(Mut)雕像

相關信息

MUT是半導體行業的一個名詞，是module under test的縮寫。意思是待測模組。在IC設計領域，對設計進行功能仿真和時序仿真時，需要給待測模組提供激勵輸入。如果是由Verilog語言描述的設計模組，最好的方法自然同樣是用Verilog語言對待測模組施加激勵和檢測模組的輸出回響。實際套用中，Verilog測試平台(testbench)就是用來提供上述功能的。Verilog測試平台是一個例化的待測(MUT)Verilog模組，給它施加激勵並觀測其輸出。由於測試平台是用Verilog語言描述的，因此可以套用到不同的仿真環境中。待測模組和與之對應的測試平台組成一個仿真模型，套用這個模型可以在不同的測試環境中用相同的激勵對待測模組進行調試。