It is well known that rock mass mechanics is a branch of application mechanics. At present， rock mass mechanics is still a young discipline， therefore many specialists and scholars are attracted to its study—“let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend”， and “like the Eight Immortals crossing the seas， each showing his true worth”. The development tendency of rock mass mechanics is on the ascent. The teaching materials and monographs at home and abroad are too numerous to mention one by one， and their profundity and adaptive scope of readers are different.
Six points of consideration in writing this book are：
1. Rock and rock mass are products of the geological action. There are close relationships among the mechanical characteristics of rock mass， the mechanical problems of rock mass projects and the geological characteristic of rock mass. Therefore， this book was written by combining the geological practices of rock and rock mass with the best of one’s abilities.
2. From the lithology point of view， there is no difference between rock and rock mass， but from the point of view of rock mass mechanics， they are separable and distinguishable. They differ in the texture and structures. Their mechanical characteristics vary with the texture and structures. Thus， the contents of this book were divided into three categories， namely， rock， rock mass and rock mass project. Also， the relationship among them was regarded.
3. Because rock mass mechanics is a branch of application mechanics， the knowledge and the formulae of classical mechanics used in this book will not be lectured repeatedly and deduced in detail.
4. The theories and techniques of modern rock mass mechanics are very abundant and complicated， but the service objects of this book are mainly undergraduates， therefore， in selecting its contents of the differences between undergraduates and graduates were considered and mainly the most basic theories and techniques were lectured. In order that the teaching of undergraduates is not disjointed the teaching of graduates and give some information to the students who wish to study for master’s degree， some new research efforts in process of development were introduced properly.
5. For the convenience of teaching， in dealing with the contents of the book the correlative knowledge points were concentrated together as possible as they can be done in order for students to study them systematically.
6. The fundamentals and methods of the stereographic projection and the entity proportional projection and elastoplastic analysis of stresses and displacements of rock surrounding an excavation in axial symmetry condition will not be put in the text. They are treated separately in Appendices 1 and Appendices 2.
The writing of this book has received supports， encouragements and assistances of the principals of the Resource and Safety Engineering College and Professor Pan Changliang， Cao Ping， Wang Liguan， Tang Lizhong and Professor Yang Dian. In this book， a great deal of materials were quoted from the writings of the professors and scholars， domestic and overseas， here I express my heartfelt thanks.
Due to author’s limited level， errors and oversights are unavoidable， so comments and criticism will be warmly welcomed.
圖書目錄
Introduction (1)
Chapter 1 Mechanical characteristics of rocks (7)
1.1 Static characteristics of rocks (7)
1.1.1 Mechanical characteristics of rocks under uniaxial stress condition (7)
1.1.2 Mechanical characteristics of rocks under shear load (20)
1.1.3 Mechanical characteristics of rocks under triaxial compression (23)
1.2 The rheological characteristics of rocks (28)
1.2.1 Creep curves and its characteristics of rock (28)
1.2.2 Loading methods for the creep tests of rock (29)
1.2.3 Rheologic constitutive models of rock (30)
1.3 Factors affecting mechanical properties of rocks (39)
1.3.1 Influence of mineral components on the mechanical properties of rocks (40)
1.3.2 Influence of the texture and structure of rocks on the mechanical properties
of rocks (40)
1.3.3 Influence of water on the mechanical properties of rocks (45)
1.3.4 Influence of temperature on the mechanical properties of rocks (50)
1.4 Failure criterions of rock (52)
1.4.1 Maximum tensile strain criterion (52)
1.4.2 Mohr and MohrCoulomb criteria (53)
1.4.3 Griffith and correctional Griffith criteria (57)
Chapter 2 Mechanical characteristics of rock mass (61)
2.1 Characteristics of structural plane and structural body in rock mass (61)
2.1.1 Characteristics of structural planes (61)
2.1.2 Characteristics of structural bodies (64)
2.2 Static characteristics of rock mass (65)
2.2.1 Mechanical characteristics of discontinuities under shear load (65)
2.2.2 Failure mechanism of rock mass (73)
2.2.3 Failure criterion and estimation of strength and deformation parameters of
rock mass (75)
2.2.4 Determination of deformation parameters and strength of insitu rock mass
(87)
2.3 Dynamic characteristics of rock mass (90)
2.3.1 Elastic wave exploration technique (90)
2.3.2 Acoustic emission technique (105)
2.4 Hydraulical characteristics of rock mass (111)
2.4.1 Hydrogeogical structures of rock mass (112)
2.4.2 Seepage in rock mass (114)
2.5 Thermodynamic characteristics of rock mass (119)
2.5.1 Calorifics properties of rock and determination parameters of calorifics of
rock mass (119)
2.5.2 Determination of rock mass calorifics parameters (121)
2.5.3 Thermodynamical effect of rock mass (121)
Chapter 3 Synthetical investigation and classification of rock mass (127)
3.1 Methods for synthetical investigation and analysis of rock mass (127)
3.1.1 Borehole investigation (127)
3.1.2 Investigation on exposed surface (129)
3.1.3 Spatial distribution law of structural planes (134)
3.1.4 Statistical law of structural plane spacings (139)
3.2 Classifications of rock mass structure (141)
3.3 Engineering classifications of rock mass (142)
3.3.1 Reference considerations of engineering classification of rock mass (142)
3.3.2 Rock Quality Designation (RQD) index proposed by Deere et al (145)
3.3.3 Bieniawski’s Geomechanics Classification of jointed rock mass (145)
3.3.4 Barton et al’s classification of rock mass (148)
Chapter 4 Original stresses in rock mass (155)
4.1 Gravitational stress in rock mass (155)
4.2 Tectonic stress in a rock mass (158)
4.2.1 Conception of tectonic stress in a rock mass (158)
4.2.2 Origin of tectonic movement (158)
4.2.3 Analysis of tectonic stress field (163)
4.3 Measurement of original stress in rock mass (168)
4.3.1 Stress relief method (169)
4.3.2 Hydrofracturing method (176)
4.4 Distribution state of original stress in rock mass (180)
Chapter 5 Rock slope (184)
5.1 Evaluation of potential problems of rock slopes (184)
5.1.1 Basic failure types of slopes (184)
5.1.2 Compiling of structural plot of slope rock mass (186)
5.2 Analysis of plane failure (194)
5.2.1 Conditions of a plane failure (194)
5.2.2 Method for analyzing a plane failure (194)
5.3 Analysis of wedge failure (198)
5.3.1 Analysis of wedge failure： only the friction force of the structural plane is
considered (199)
5.3.2 Analysis of wedge failure： consider simultaneously friction and cohesion of
discontinuities as well as water pressure (200)
5.3.3 General analytical method of wedge failure (203)
5.4 Monitoring of slope (214)
5.5 Maintenance of a slope (220)
5.5.1 Drainage of a slope (220)
5.5.2 Reinforcement of a slope (221)
Chapter 6 Underground opening (228)
6.1 Underground excavation (228)
6.1.1 Stress distribution in surrounding rock and lining of an excavation (228)
6.1.2 Stability analysis and pressure calculation of surrounding rock (239)
6.1.3 Support and monitoring technique of excavations (260)
6.2 Shaft (281)
6.2.1 Stress distribution in rock mass surrounding a shaft (281)
6.2.2 Evaluation of the stability of rock mass surrounding a shaft (282)
6.2.3 Calculation of pressure on lining of shafts (288)
Chapter 7 Batholith (295)
7.1 Batholith under vertical load (295)
7.1.1 Stress distribution in batholith (295)
7.1.2 Settlement of batholith (297)
7.1.3 Bearing capacity of batholith (300)
7.2 Batholith under inclined load (302)
7.2.1 Stress distribution in batholith (302)
7.2.2 Bearing capacity of batholith (306)
Appendix 1 Stereographic projection and entity proportional projection
of structural units in rock mass (310)
Appendix 2 Elastoplastic analysis of stress and displacement in surounding rock
mass of a circular excavation in axial symmetry condition (334)
Appendix 3 Explanation of some professional terms (340)
ROCK MASS MECHANICS（岩體力學）