基本介紹
- 中文名:訊息摘要算法
- 外文名:Message Digest Algorithm MD5
- 別稱:摘要算法
- 提出時間:1991年
- 套用學科:信息技術,計算機科學
- 適用領域範圍:軟體下載站、論壇資料庫、系統檔案安全
發展歷史
MD2
MD4
MD5
MD5套用
一致性驗證
數字簽名
安全訪問認證
算法原理
MD5算法步驟
- 附加填充位
首先對輸入的報文進行填位補充,使填充後的數據長度模512後餘448.如果數據長度正好模512餘448,則需增加512個填充位,也就是說填充的個數為1~512位.填充位第一個位為1,其餘全部為0. - 補足長度
將數據長度表示為二進制,如果長度超過64位,則截取其低64位;如果長度不足64位,則在其高位補0.將這個64位的報文長度補在經過填充的報文後面,使得最後的數據為512位的整數倍. - 初始化MD快取器
MD5運算要用到一個128位的MD5快取器,用來保存中間變數和最終結果.該快取器又可看成是4個32位的暫存器A、B、C、D,初始化為:
A : 01 23 45 67
B: 89 ab cd ef
C: fe dc ba 98
D: 76 54 32 10 - 處理數據段
首先定義4個非線性函式F、G、H、I,對輸入的報文運算以512位數據段為單位進行處理.對每個數據段都要進行4輪的邏輯處理,在4輪中分別使用4個不同的函式F、G、H、I.每一輪以ABCD和當前的512位的塊為輸入,處理後送入ABCD(128位)
代碼
C++實現
#include<iostream>#include<string>using namespace std;#define shift(x, n) (((x) << (n)) | ((x) >> (32-(n))))//右移的時候,高位一定要補零,而不是補充符號位#define F(x, y, z) (((x) & (y)) | ((~x) & (z))) #define G(x, y, z) (((x) & (z)) | ((y) & (~z)))#define H(x, y, z) ((x) ^ (y) ^ (z))#define I(x, y, z) ((y) ^ ((x) | (~z)))#define A 0x67452301#define B 0xefcdab89#define C 0x98badcfe#define D 0x10325476//strBaye的長度unsigned int strlength;//A,B,C,D的臨時變數unsigned int atemp;unsigned int btemp;unsigned int ctemp;unsigned int dtemp;//常量ti unsigned int(abs(sin(i+1))*(2pow32))const unsigned int k[]={ 0xd76aa478,0xe8c7b756,0x242070db,0xc1bdceee, 0xf57c0faf,0x4787c62a,0xa8304613,0xfd469501,0x698098d8, 0x8b44f7af,0xffff5bb1,0x895cd7be,0x6b901122,0xfd987193, 0xa679438e,0x49b40821,0xf61e2562,0xc040b340,0x265e5a51, 0xe9b6c7aa,0xd62f105d,0x02441453,0xd8a1e681,0xe7d3fbc8, 0x21e1cde6,0xc33707d6,0xf4d50d87,0x455a14ed,0xa9e3e905, 0xfcefa3f8,0x676f02d9,0x8d2a4c8a,0xfffa3942,0x8771f681, 0x6d9d6122,0xfde5380c,0xa4beea44,0x4bdecfa9,0xf6bb4b60, 0xbebfbc70,0x289b7ec6,0xeaa127fa,0xd4ef3085,0x04881d05, 0xd9d4d039,0xe6db99e5,0x1fa27cf8,0xc4ac5665,0xf4292244, 0x432aff97,0xab9423a7,0xfc93a039,0x655b59c3,0x8f0ccc92, 0xffeff47d,0x85845dd1,0x6fa87e4f,0xfe2ce6e0,0xa3014314, 0x4e0811a1,0xf7537e82,0xbd3af235,0x2ad7d2bb,0xeb86d391};//向左位移數const unsigned int s[]={7,12,17,22,7,12,17,22,7,12,17,22,7, 12,17,22,5,9,14,20,5,9,14,20,5,9,14,20,5,9,14,20, 4,11,16,23,4,11,16,23,4,11,16,23,4,11,16,23,6,10, 15,21,6,10,15,21,6,10,15,21,6,10,15,21};const char str16[]="0123456789abcdef";void mainLoop(unsigned int M[]){ unsigned int f,g; unsigned int a=atemp; unsigned int b=btemp; unsigned int c=ctemp; unsigned int d=dtemp; for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 64; i++) { if(i<16){ f=F(b,c,d); g=i; }else if (i<32) { f=G(b,c,d); g=(5*i+1)%16; }else if(i<48){ f=H(b,c,d); g=(3*i+5)%16; }else{ f=I(b,c,d); g=(7*i)%16; } unsigned int tmp=d; d=c; c=b; b=b+shift((a+f+k[i]+M[g]),s[i]); a=tmp; } atemp=a+atemp; btemp=b+btemp; ctemp=c+ctemp; dtemp=d+dtemp;}/**填充函式*處理後應滿足bits≡448(mod512),位元組就是bytes≡56(mode64)*填充方式為先加一個1,其它位補零*最後加上64位的原來長度*/unsigned int* add(string str){ unsigned int num=((str.length()+8)/64)+1;//以512位,64個位元組為一組 unsigned int *strByte=new unsigned int[num*16]; //64/4=16,所以有16個整數 strlength=num*16; for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num*16; i++) strByte[i]=0; for (unsigned int i=0; i <str.length(); i++) { strByte[i>>2]|=(str[i])<<((i%4)*8);//一個整數存儲四個位元組,i>>2表示i/4 一個unsigned int對應4個位元組,保存4個字元信息 } strByte[str.length()>>2]|=0x80<<(((str.length()%4))*8);//尾部添加1 一個unsigned int保存4個字元信息,所以用128左移 /* *添加原長度,長度指位的長度,所以要乘8,然後是小端序,所以放在倒數第二個,這裡長度只用了32位 */ strByte[num*16-2]=str.length()*8; return strByte;}string changeHex(int a){ int b; string str1; string str=""; for(int i=0;i<4;i++) { str1=""; b=((a>>i*8)%(1<<8))&0xff; //逆序處理每個位元組 for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) { str1.insert(0,1,str16[b%16]); b=b/16; } str+=str1; } return str;}string getMD5(string source){ atemp=A; //初始化 btemp=B; ctemp=C; dtemp=D; unsigned int *strByte=add(source); for(unsigned int i=0;i<strlength/16;i++) { unsigned int num[16]; for(unsigned int j=0;j<16;j++) num[j]=strByte[i*16+j]; mainLoop(num); } return changeHex(atemp).append(changeHex(btemp)).append(changeHex(ctemp)).append(changeHex(dtemp));}unsigned int main(){ string ss;// cin>>ss; string s=getMD5("abc"); cout<<s; return 0;}
JAVA實現
public class MD5{ /* *四個連結變數 */ private final int A=0x67452301; private final int B=0xefcdab89; private final int C=0x98badcfe; private final int D=0x10325476; /* *ABCD的臨時變數 */ private int Atemp,Btemp,Ctemp,Dtemp; /* *常量ti *公式:floor(abs(sin(i+1))×(2pow32) */ private final int K[]={ 0xd76aa478,0xe8c7b756,0x242070db,0xc1bdceee, 0xf57c0faf,0x4787c62a,0xa8304613,0xfd469501,0x698098d8, 0x8b44f7af,0xffff5bb1,0x895cd7be,0x6b901122,0xfd987193, 0xa679438e,0x49b40821,0xf61e2562,0xc040b340,0x265e5a51, 0xe9b6c7aa,0xd62f105d,0x02441453,0xd8a1e681,0xe7d3fbc8, 0x21e1cde6,0xc33707d6,0xf4d50d87,0x455a14ed,0xa9e3e905, 0xfcefa3f8,0x676f02d9,0x8d2a4c8a,0xfffa3942,0x8771f681, 0x6d9d6122,0xfde5380c,0xa4beea44,0x4bdecfa9,0xf6bb4b60, 0xbebfbc70,0x289b7ec6,0xeaa127fa,0xd4ef3085,0x04881d05, 0xd9d4d039,0xe6db99e5,0x1fa27cf8,0xc4ac5665,0xf4292244, 0x432aff97,0xab9423a7,0xfc93a039,0x655b59c3,0x8f0ccc92, 0xffeff47d,0x85845dd1,0x6fa87e4f,0xfe2ce6e0,0xa3014314, 0x4e0811a1,0xf7537e82,0xbd3af235,0x2ad7d2bb,0xeb86d391}; /* *向左位移數,計算方法未知 */ private final int s[]={7,12,17,22,7,12,17,22,7,12,17,22,7, 12,17,22,5,9,14,20,5,9,14,20,5,9,14,20,5,9,14,20, 4,11,16,23,4,11,16,23,4,11,16,23,4,11,16,23,6,10, 15,21,6,10,15,21,6,10,15,21,6,10,15,21}; /* *初始化函式 */ private void init(){ Atemp=A; Btemp=B; Ctemp=C; Dtemp=D; } /* *移動一定位數 */ private int shift(int a,int s){ return(a<<s)|(a>>>(32-s));//右移的時候,高位一定要補零,而不是補充符號位 } /* *主循環 */ private void MainLoop(int M[]){ int F,g; int a=Atemp; int b=Btemp; int c=Ctemp; int d=Dtemp; for(int i = 0; i < 64; i ++){ if(i<16){ F=(b&c)|((~b)&d); g=i; }else if(i<32){ F=(d&b)|((~d)&c); g=(5*i+1)%16; }else if(i<48){ F=b^c^d; g=(3*i+5)%16; }else{ F=c^(b|(~d)); g=(7*i)%16; } int tmp=d; d=c; c=b; b=b+shift(a+F+K[i]+M[g],s[i]); a=tmp; } Atemp=a+Atemp; Btemp=b+Btemp; Ctemp=c+Ctemp; Dtemp=d+Dtemp; } /* *填充函式 *處理後應滿足bits≡448(mod512),位元組就是bytes≡56(mode64) *填充方式為先加一個0,其它位補零 *最後加上64位的原來長度 */ private int[] add(String str){ int num=((str.length()+8)/64)+1;//以512位,64個位元組為一組 int strByte[]=new int[num*16];//64/4=16,所以有16個整數 for(int i=0;i<num*16;i++){//全部初始化0 strByte[i]=0; } int i; for(i=0;i<str.length();i++){ strByte[i>>2]|=str.charAt(i)<<((i%4)*8);//一個整數存儲四個位元組,小端序 } strByte[i>>2]|=0x80<<((i%4)*8);//尾部添加1 /* *添加原長度,長度指位的長度,所以要乘8,然後是小端序,所以放在倒數第二個,這裡長度只用了32位 */ strByte[num*16-2]=str.length()*8; return strByte; } /* *調用函式 */ public String getMD5(String source){ init(); int strByte[]=add(source); for(int i=0;i<strByte.length/16;i++){ int num[]=new int[16]; for(int j=0;j<16;j++){ num[j]=strByte[i*16+j]; } MainLoop(num); } return changeHex(Atemp)+changeHex(Btemp)+changeHex(Ctemp)+changeHex(Dtemp); } /* *整數變成16進制字元串 */ private String changeHex(int a){ String str=""; for(int i=0;i<4;i++){ str+=String.format("%2s", Integer.toHexString(((a>>i*8)%(1<<8))&0xff)).replace(' ', '0'); } return str; } /* *單例 */ private static MD5 instance; public static MD5 getInstance(){ if(instance==null){ instance=new MD5(); } return instance; } private MD5(){}; public static void main(String[] args){ String str=MD5.getInstance().getMD5(""); System.out.println(str); }}結果錯誤
VB2010實現
Imports SystemImports System.Security.CryptographyImports System.TextModule Example '哈希輸入字元串並返回一個 32 字元的十六進制字元串哈希。 Function GetMd5Hash(ByVal input As String) As String '創建新的一個 MD5CryptoServiceProvider 對象的實例。 Dim md5Hasher As New MD5CryptoServiceProvider() '輸入的字元串轉換為位元組數組,並計算哈希。 Dim data As Byte() = md5Hasher.ComputeHash(Encoding.Default.GetBytes(input)) '創建一個新的 StringBuilder 收集的位元組,並創建一個字元串。 Dim sBuilder As New StringBuilder() '通過每個位元組的哈希數據和格式為十六進制字元串的每一個循環。 For i As Integer = 0 To data.Length - 1 sBuilder.Append(data(i).ToString("x2")) Next '返回十六進制字元串。 Return sBuilder.ToString() End Function '驗證對一個字元串的哈希值。 Function VerifyMd5Hash(ByVal input As String, ByVal hash As String) As Boolean '哈希的輸入。 Dim hashOfInput As String = GetMd5Hash(input) '創建 StringComparer 的哈希進行比較。 Dim comparer As StringComparer = StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase Return comparer.Compare(hashOfInput, hash) = 0 End Function Sub Main() Dim source As String = "Hello World!" Dim hash As String = GetMd5Hash(source) Console.WriteLine($"進行MD5加密的字元串為:{source},加密的結果是:{hash}。") Console.WriteLine("正在驗證哈希……") If VerifyMd5Hash(source, hash) Then Console.WriteLine("哈希值是相同的。")Else Console.WriteLine("哈希值是不相同的。")EndIf EndSubEndModule'此代碼示例產生下面的輸出:'進行MD5加密的字元串為:Hello World!,加密的結果是:ed076287532e86365e841e92bfc50d8c。'正在驗證哈希……'哈希值是相同的。
JavaScript實現
function md5(string) { function md5_RotateLeft(lValue, iShiftBits) { return (lValue << iShiftBits) | (lValue >>> (32 - iShiftBits)); } function md5_AddUnsigned(lX, lY) { var lX4, lY4, lX8, lY8, lResult; lX8 = (lX & 0x80000000); lY8 = (lY & 0x80000000); lX4 = (lX & 0x40000000); lY4 = (lY & 0x40000000); lResult = (lX & 0x3FFFFFFF) + (lY & 0x3FFFFFFF); if (lX4 & lY4) { return (lResult ^ 0x80000000 ^ lX8 ^ lY8); } if (lX4 | lY4) { if (lResult & 0x40000000) { return (lResult ^ 0xC0000000 ^ lX8 ^ lY8); } else { return (lResult ^ 0x40000000 ^ lX8 ^ lY8); } } else { return (lResult ^ lX8 ^ lY8); } } function md5_F(x, y, z) { return (x & y) | ((~x) & z); } function md5_G(x, y, z) { return (x & z) | (y & (~z)); } function md5_H(x, y, z) { return (x ^ y ^ z); } function md5_I(x, y, z) { return (y ^ (x | (~z))); } function md5_FF(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) { a = md5_AddUnsigned(a, md5_AddUnsigned(md5_AddUnsigned(md5_F(b, c, d), x), ac)); return md5_AddUnsigned(md5_RotateLeft(a, s), b); }; function md5_GG(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) { a = md5_AddUnsigned(a, md5_AddUnsigned(md5_AddUnsigned(md5_G(b, c, d), x), ac)); return md5_AddUnsigned(md5_RotateLeft(a, s), b); }; function md5_HH(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) { a = md5_AddUnsigned(a, md5_AddUnsigned(md5_AddUnsigned(md5_H(b, c, d), x), ac)); return md5_AddUnsigned(md5_RotateLeft(a, s), b); }; function md5_II(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) { a = md5_AddUnsigned(a, md5_AddUnsigned(md5_AddUnsigned(md5_I(b, c, d), x), ac)); return md5_AddUnsigned(md5_RotateLeft(a, s), b); }; function md5_ConvertToWordArray(string) { var lWordCount; var lMessageLength = string.length; var lNumberOfWords_temp1 = lMessageLength + 8; var lNumberOfWords_temp2 = (lNumberOfWords_temp1 - (lNumberOfWords_temp1 % 64)) / 64; var lNumberOfWords = (lNumberOfWords_temp2 + 1) * 16; var lWordArray = Array(lNumberOfWords - 1); var lBytePosition = 0; var lByteCount = 0; while (lByteCount < lMessageLength) { lWordCount = (lByteCount - (lByteCount % 4)) / 4; lBytePosition = (lByteCount % 4) * 8; lWordArray[lWordCount] = (lWordArray[lWordCount] | (string.charCodeAt(lByteCount) << lBytePosition)); lByteCount++; } lWordCount = (lByteCount - (lByteCount % 4)) / 4; lBytePosition = (lByteCount % 4) * 8; lWordArray[lWordCount] = lWordArray[lWordCount] | (0x80 << lBytePosition); lWordArray[lNumberOfWords - 2] = lMessageLength << 3; lWordArray[lNumberOfWords - 1] = lMessageLength >>> 29; return lWordArray; }; function md5_WordToHex(lValue) { var WordToHexValue = "", WordToHexValue_temp = "", lByte, lCount; for (lCount = 0; lCount <= 3; lCount++) { lByte = (lValue >>> (lCount * 8)) & 255; WordToHexValue_temp = "0" + lByte.toString(16); WordToHexValue = WordToHexValue + WordToHexValue_temp.substr(WordToHexValue_temp.length - 2, 2); } return WordToHexValue; }; function md5_Utf8Encode(string) { string = string.replace(/\r\n/g, "\n"); var utftext = ""; for (var n = 0; n < string.length; n++) { var c = string.charCodeAt(n); if (c < 128) { utftext += String.fromCharCode(c); } else if ((c > 127) && (c < 2048)) { utftext += String.fromCharCode((c >> 6) | 192); utftext += String.fromCharCode((c & 63) | 128); } else { utftext += String.fromCharCode((c >> 12) | 224); utftext += String.fromCharCode(((c >> 6) & 63) | 128); utftext += String.fromCharCode((c & 63) | 128); } } return utftext; }; var x = Array(); var k, AA, BB, CC, DD, a, b, c, d; var S11 = 7, S12 = 12, S13 = 17, S14 = 22; var S21 = 5, S22 = 9, S23 = 14, S24 = 20; var S31 = 4, S32 = 11, S33 = 16, S34 = 23; var S41 = 6, S42 = 10, S43 = 15, S44 = 21; string = md5_Utf8Encode(string); x = md5_ConvertToWordArray(string); a = 0x67452301; b = 0xEFCDAB89; c = 0x98BADCFE; d = 0x10325476; for (k = 0; k < x.length; k += 16) { AA = a; BB = b; CC = c; DD = d; a = md5_FF(a, b, c, d, x[k + 0], S11, 0xD76AA478); d = md5_FF(d, a, b, c, x[k + 1], S12, 0xE8C7B756); c = md5_FF(c, d, a, b, x[k + 2], S13, 0x242070DB); b = md5_FF(b, c, d, a, x[k + 3], S14, 0xC1BDCEEE); a = md5_FF(a, b, c, d, x[k + 4], S11, 0xF57C0FAF); d = md5_FF(d, a, b, c, x[k + 5], S12, 0x4787C62A); c = md5_FF(c, d, a, b, x[k + 6], S13, 0xA8304613); b = md5_FF(b, c, d, a, x[k + 7], S14, 0xFD469501); a = md5_FF(a, b, c, d, x[k + 8], S11, 0x698098D8); d = md5_FF(d, a, b, c, x[k + 9], S12, 0x8B44F7AF); c = md5_FF(c, d, a, b, x[k + 10], S13, 0xFFFF5BB1); b = md5_FF(b, c, d, a, x[k + 11], S14, 0x895CD7BE); a = md5_FF(a, b, c, d, x[k + 12], S11, 0x6B901122); d = md5_FF(d, a, b, c, x[k + 13], S12, 0xFD987193); c = md5_FF(c, d, a, b, x[k + 14], S13, 0xA679438E); b = md5_FF(b, c, d, a, x[k + 15], S14, 0x49B40821); a = md5_GG(a, b, c, d, x[k + 1], S21, 0xF61E2562); d = md5_GG(d, a, b, c, x[k + 6], S22, 0xC040B340); c = md5_GG(c, d, a, b, x[k + 11], S23, 0x265E5A51); b = md5_GG(b, c, d, a, x[k + 0], S24, 0xE9B6C7AA); a = md5_GG(a, b, c, d, x[k + 5], S21, 0xD62F105D); d = md5_GG(d, a, b, c, x[k + 10], S22, 0x2441453); c = md5_GG(c, d, a, b, x[k + 15], S23, 0xD8A1E681); b = md5_GG(b, c, d, a, x[k + 4], S24, 0xE7D3FBC8); a = md5_GG(a, b, c, d, x[k + 9], S21, 0x21E1CDE6); d = md5_GG(d, a, b, c, x[k + 14], S22, 0xC33707D6); c = md5_GG(c, d, a, b, x[k + 3], S23, 0xF4D50D87); b = md5_GG(b, c, d, a, x[k + 8], S24, 0x455A14ED); a = md5_GG(a, b, c, d, x[k + 13], S21, 0xA9E3E905); d = md5_GG(d, a, b, c, x[k + 2], S22, 0xFCEFA3F8); c = md5_GG(c, d, a, b, x[k + 7], S23, 0x676F02D9); b = md5_GG(b, c, d, a, x[k + 12], S24, 0x8D2A4C8A); a = md5_HH(a, b, c, d, x[k + 5], S31, 0xFFFA3942); d = md5_HH(d, a, b, c, x[k + 8], S32, 0x8771F681); c = md5_HH(c, d, a, b, x[k + 11], S33, 0x6D9D6122); b = md5_HH(b, c, d, a, x[k + 14], S34, 0xFDE5380C); a = md5_HH(a, b, c, d, x[k + 1], S31, 0xA4BEEA44); d = md5_HH(d, a, b, c, x[k + 4], S32, 0x4BDECFA9); c = md5_HH(c, d, a, b, x[k + 7], S33, 0xF6BB4B60); b = md5_HH(b, c, d, a, x[k + 10], S34, 0xBEBFBC70); a = md5_HH(a, b, c, d, x[k + 13], S31, 0x289B7EC6); d = md5_HH(d, a, b, c, x[k + 0], S32, 0xEAA127FA); c = md5_HH(c, d, a, b, x[k + 3], S33, 0xD4EF3085); b = md5_HH(b, c, d, a, x[k + 6], S34, 0x4881D05); a = md5_HH(a, b, c, d, x[k + 9], S31, 0xD9D4D039); d = md5_HH(d, a, b, c, x[k + 12], S32, 0xE6DB99E5); c = md5_HH(c, d, a, b, x[k + 15], S33, 0x1FA27CF8); b = md5_HH(b, c, d, a, x[k + 2], S34, 0xC4AC5665); a = md5_II(a, b, c, d, x[k + 0], S41, 0xF4292244); d = md5_II(d, a, b, c, x[k + 7], S42, 0x432AFF97); c = md5_II(c, d, a, b, x[k + 14], S43, 0xAB9423A7); b = md5_II(b, c, d, a, x[k + 5], S44, 0xFC93A039); a = md5_II(a, b, c, d, x[k + 12], S41, 0x655B59C3); d = md5_II(d, a, b, c, x[k + 3], S42, 0x8F0CCC92); c = md5_II(c, d, a, b, x[k + 10], S43, 0xFFEFF47D); b = md5_II(b, c, d, a, x[k + 1], S44, 0x85845DD1); a = md5_II(a, b, c, d, x[k + 8], S41, 0x6FA87E4F); d = md5_II(d, a, b, c, x[k + 15], S42, 0xFE2CE6E0); c = md5_II(c, d, a, b, x[k + 6], S43, 0xA3014314); b = md5_II(b, c, d, a, x[k + 13], S44, 0x4E0811A1); a = md5_II(a, b, c, d, x[k + 4], S41, 0xF7537E82); d = md5_II(d, a, b, c, x[k + 11], S42, 0xBD3AF235); c = md5_II(c, d, a, b, x[k + 2], S43, 0x2AD7D2BB); b = md5_II(b, c, d, a, x[k + 9], S44, 0xEB86D391); a = md5_AddUnsigned(a, AA); b = md5_AddUnsigned(b, BB); c = md5_AddUnsigned(c, CC); d = md5_AddUnsigned(d, DD); } return (md5_WordToHex(a) + md5_WordToHex(b) + md5_WordToHex(c) + md5_WordToHex(d)).toLowerCase();}