Harmodius and Aristogeiton

基本介紹

• 中文名：哈爾摩狄奧斯和阿里斯托革頓
• 外文名：Harmodius and Aristogeiton
• 生活年代：古希臘時期
• 歷史來源：戰爭史與憲法史

背景

The principal historical sources covering the two are Thucydides in his History of the Peloponnesian War (VI, 56-59) and The Constitution of the Athenians (XVIII) attributed to Aristotle or his school, but their story is documented by a great many other ancient writers, such as Herodotus and Plutarch. Herodotus claimed that Harmodius and Aristogeiton presumably were "Gephyraeans" i.e. Boeotians of Syrian or Phoenician origin. Plutarch in his book On the malice of Herodotus criticized Herodotus for prejudice and misrepresentation and he argued that Harmodius and Aristogeiton were Euboeans or Eretrians.

Peisistratus seized power in 561 BC and established a dictatorial regime. Peisistratus is usually called atyrant, but in archaic Greek the word tyrannos does not mean a cruel and despotic ruler, merely one who took power by force. Peisistratus was in fact a very popular ruler, who made Athens wealthy and powerful, although the old aristocratic families he had driven from power hated him. When Peisistratus died in 528/527 BC, his sonHippias, with the help of his younger brother Hipparchus, retained power. The two continued their father's policies, but their popularity declined after Hipparchus began to abuse the power of his position.

Hipparchus invited Harmodius' young sister to be the kanephoros (to carry the ceremonial offering basket) at the Panathenaea festival, and then publicly chased her away on the pretext she was not a virgin, as required. This was an offense of such magnitude to Harmodius' family that he, together with Aristogeiton who was already fired by feelings of jealousy due to Hipparchus having made unrequited sexual advances toward Harmodius (possibly the motivation for Hipparchus's humiliation of Harmodius's sister), resolved to assassinate both Hippias and Hipparchus and thus to overthrow the tyranny.

According to Aristotle, it was Thessalos, the hot-headed son of Peisistratus´ Argive concubine and thus half-brother to Hipparchus, who was the one to court Harmodius and drive off his sister.

主要的歷史來源覆蓋兩個是修昔底德在他的伯羅奔尼撒戰爭史（VI，56至59）和雅典的憲法（十八）歸因於亞里士多德或他的學校，但他們的故事，記錄了許多其他古代作家，如希羅多德和普魯塔克。希羅多德[ 1 ]宣稱哈爾摩狄奧斯和阿里斯托革頓大概是“gephyraeans”即敘利亞或腓尼基起源boeotians。普魯塔克在他對希羅多德的惡意書批評希羅多德的偏見和虛假陳述，他認為哈爾摩狄奧斯和阿里斯托革頓是euboeans或Eretrians。[ 2 ]

庇西特拉圖奪取了政權，公元前561年建立了一個獨裁政權。庇西特拉圖通常被稱為一個暴君，但是在古希臘單詞僭主並不意味著一個殘酷的專制統治者，只是誰上台的力量。庇西特拉圖實際上是一個非常受歡迎的統治者，誰是雅典富裕和強大，雖然舊的貴族家庭的他趕下台的恨他。當庇西特拉圖528公元前527年去世，他的兒子希庇亞斯，與他的弟弟喜帕恰斯的幫助下，保留下來的力量。兩人繼續他們的父親的政策，但他們的聲望下降後依巴谷開始濫用其地位的力量。

喜帕恰斯邀請哈馬笛斯的妹妹是kanephoros（執行儀式的供品籃）在泛雅典娜節節，然後公開追她離開她不是處女的藉口，要求。這是一個進攻如此巨大哈馬笛斯的家庭，他，連同阿里斯托革頓誰已經因具有無償性喜走向哈爾摩狄奧斯嫉妒情緒解僱（可能為喜帕恰斯的羞辱哈爾摩狄奧斯姐姐的動機），決定刺殺希庇亞斯和依巴谷從而推翻了暴政。[ 3 ]

根據亞里士多德的說法，這是thessalos，熱為首的兒子庇西特拉圖´希臘妾從而半兄弟喜帕恰斯，誰是一個法院哈馬笛斯開走了他的妹妹。[ 4 ]

古史

• Aristotle. The Constitution of the Athenians. XVIII.
  
• Athenaeus. The Deipnosophists. XIII,VI. 70,.
  
• Aristotle; Rackham, H. (translator) (1952). Athenian Constitution. 18. Cambridge, MA & London: Harvard University Press & William Heinemann Ltd. 1.
  
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• Polyaenus; Translator?. Strategies VIII. xlv.
  
• Thucydides; Translator?. History of the Peloponnesian War VI. 56-59.
  

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