Boris Skossyreff (1896? – 1989) was an adventurer who attempted to seize power in the European state of Andorra during the early 1930s. Russian sources[specify] give his name in Cyrillic as Борис Скосырев, for which the modern English transliteration would be Skosyrev.11111
基本介紹
- 中文名：Boris Skossyreff
- 出生日期：1896
- 逝世日期：1989
- 職業：蘇聯冒險家
Boris Skossyreff (1896? – 1989)是一位蘇聯冒險家。上世紀30年代他曾經試圖奪取歐洲小國安道爾的政權。在俄羅斯的資料中，他的斯拉夫語名字為Борис Скосырев，當代英語音譯為Skosyrev。
In January 1919, a Boris Skossyreff - aged 22 and a former translator for the Japanese Military Mission - appeared in Westminster Police Court in London charged with passing fraudulent cheques: the money was eventually paid, by the same person according to the The Times.[verification needed] In December 1933, Skossyreff obtained Andorran citizenship and after some time he presented a plan for administrative reform involving the creation of several offices to which he asked to be appointed himself. He quickly got into trouble, however, and was expelled around May 1934. On July 12 of the same year, he issued a proclamation in Urgell, Spain, declaring himself Boris I, sovereign prince of Andorra and "regent for His Majesty the King of France", and declaring war on the bishop of Urgell (the co-prince of Andorra). On July 20, he was arrested by Spanish authorities and taken first to Barcelona and then on July 23 to Madrid where he was imprisoned until being expelled in November. Spanish authorities who held him in custody noted he carried a Dutch passport which indicated his date of birth as June 12, 1896. He declared himself to be a White Russian émigré, born in Vilnius (then part of Tsarist Russia but present day capital of Lithuania).
1919年一月，時值22歲的Boris Skossyreff與一位前日軍代表團翻譯官出現在了威斯敏斯特(倫敦市的一個行政區,英國議會所在地) 警署，被指控使用假支票，據泰晤士報報導，這錢最終還是被他償付了。1933年12月，Skossyreff 獲得了安道爾國籍。過了一段時間，他計畫了一項包括建立一些自己能夠任命自己的事務所的行政改革。他很快遇到了難題，於是在1934年5月被流放了。在同一年的7月12日，他在西班牙Urgell發表聲明，宣稱他自己為安道爾君主Boris一世，為法蘭西國王陛下攝政，同時對Urgell主教（當時另一位安道爾的聯合君主）宣戰。在7月20日他被西班牙當局逮捕，先被帶往巴塞隆納，又在23號被帶往馬德里監禁，直到11月被驅逐出境。將他拘押的西班牙當局發現他持有一個荷蘭護照，護照上寫著他生於1896年6月12日。他宣稱自己是一位白俄羅斯流亡者，出生在維爾紐斯（蘇聯的一城市，現今為立陶宛首府）。
This account was somewhat conflicted by the publication "Spain Week by Week", which reported on 1934-07-25 that he was a 38 year old Pole who had been resident "for some years" in Catalonia and Majorca.[1] The account claimed that Skossyreff made his proclamation on July 11, not the day after, and had declared himself "Boris I, Prince of the Valleys of Andorra, Count of Orange and Baron of Skossyreff…sovereign of Andorra and defender of the faith". After pledging his allegiance to the King of France, it reports that he deposed the Consell General de Batlles d'Andorra (Catalan for General Council of Mayors of Andorra), appointed a provisional government, promulgated a constitution and issued a Court Circular before being arrested by the Spaniards.[1]
這個說法與西班牙周刊報導的有點矛盾。1934年7月25日該刊報導了他是一個38歲的波蘭人，已經成為加泰羅尼亞(西班牙東北部一地區)和馬略卡島(西班牙東部)居民好多年了。報導聲稱Skossyreff在7月11日做了聲明並宣稱了他自己是“boris一世，安道爾君主，奧林奇派伯爵以及Skossyreff男爵和信仰的守護者”，而不是之後的日子。在保證他效忠於法蘭西國王之後，報導稱，在被西班牙人逮捕之前，他還罷免了安道爾市長常委會，約定了一個臨時政府，頒布了一份憲章並發行了一份宮廷公報。
According to some sources,[specify] he died in 1944 while imprisoned in a camp near Perpignan by the Vichy French regime during World War II. However, he survived, and became a ‘special officer’ (Sonderführer, a civilian technician working with the army) on the Eastern Front.
某些資料稱，他死於1944年。時正值二戰，他被維希法國傀儡政權囚禁在Perpignan旁邊一個收容所里。實際上，他活了下來，並且成為了一個東部前線特殊的長官（從事隨軍文職工作）。
In 1945, he was taken by the Americans, released as not being German or a Nazi, and went to Boppard, where his wife had settled in 1944.[citation needed]
1945年，他被美國人帶走，釋放在不是德國就是納粹的地方，又跑到了Boppard。她的妻子就從1944年住在那裡。
In 1948, he was arrested in Eisenach, Thuringia (then in Soviet Sector of Germany, afterwards East Germany), tried and sent to Siberia.[citation needed]
He returned to Germany in 1956, with the rest of the surviving German POWs, taking up residence again in Boppard (then in West Germany: he was granted a small state pension.[citation needed]
1956年，他跟其他倖存的德國戰俘一起又回到了德國，又在Boppard居住。（當時在西德，他被授予一份政府養老金）
Skossyreff died on February 27, 1989, and was buried in Boppard. (His grave gives his birth year as 1900 – because he could not prove to the authorities when he had been born.)[citation needed]
他死於1989年2月27日，被埋在Boppard。他的墓碑上寫著他生於1900年，因為他不能證明他是哪一年出生的。
In some Russian-language publications and websites there are somewhat legendary stories reported as fact, notably claiming that Boris I ruled Andorra for a number of years until 1941 whereupon he was overthrown by Vichy France.[2] This version is not supported by accounts in other languages.[verification needed]
在某些俄語出版物和網站中，有些有點傳奇化的故事被當做事實來報導。尤其是聲稱他統治了安道爾許多年知道1941年他被維希法國推翻。這種說法不被其他語言的報導中支持。
A novel, entitled Boris I, rei d'Andorra (English translation: Boris I, king of Andorra) based on Skossyreff's story was written in 1984 by Catalan author Antoni Morell i Mora.[3] The author dedicated the book to his grandmother, whom he claimed had personally met Skossyreff. The novel was later adapted for the stage by Beth Escuda.[4]
1984年，Catalan作家 Antoni Morell i Mora根據Skossyreff的事跡謝了一本題為Boris I, rei d'Andorra的小說。作者把這本書獻給了他的奶奶，他說他奶奶曾經親身遇到過Skossyreff。這部小說後來又被Beth Escuda改編搬到了舞台。
