《醫學免疫與病原生物雙語教程》主要介紹護理專業相關的醫學免疫學基礎知識、病原生物學(含醫學微生物學和醫學寄生蟲學)基礎知識。採用普通內容以漢語為主,重點內容和學習指南、關鍵字、章末小結等內容以英文編寫的形式編排。《醫學免疫與病原生物雙語教程》編寫的目的是讓學生更快、更好地理解和掌握醫學免疫與病原生物這門課程,以滿足他們繼續學習(出國深造)或在國外醫院和國內涉外醫院從事護理工作的實際需要。
基本介紹
- 書名:醫學免疫與病原生物雙語教程
- 出版社:華中科技大學出版社
- 語種:簡體中文
- 品牌:華中科技大學出版社
- 作者:董忠生 高江原
- 出版日期:2014年9月1日
- ISBN:9787568002813
內容簡介
作者簡介
圖書目錄
第一章緒言/1
第二章微生物概論/6
第一節微生物的生物學性狀/6
第二節醫學微生態學/21
第三節消毒與滅菌/28
第四節微生物的致病性與感染/32
第五節微生物感染的檢查方法與防治原則/37
第三章抗原與免疫分子/42
第一節抗原/42
第二節免疫球蛋白與抗體/46
第三節補體系統/51
第四節細胞因子/54
第五節白細胞分化抗原與黏附分子/58
第六節主要組織相容性複合體/62
第四章免疫器官與免疫細胞/70
第一節免疫器官/71
第二節免疫細胞/73
第五章免疫應答/79
第一節固有免疫/80
第二節抗原提呈細胞與抗原的處理和提呈/82
第三節T淋巴細胞對抗原的識別與免疫應答/84
第四節B淋巴細胞對抗原的識別與免疫應答/86
第五節免疫耐受/88
第六章臨床免疫/91
第一節抗感染免疫/91
第二節超敏反應/95
第三節自身免疫病概述/101
第四節免疫缺陷病概述/105
第五節移植免疫與腫瘤免疫/107
第七章免疫學套用/110
第一節免疫學防治/110
第二節免疫學診斷/112
第八章病原性細菌/116
第一節化膿性細菌/116
第二節腸道感染細菌/122
第三節呼吸道感染細菌/129
第四節厭氧性細菌/133
第五節動物源性細菌/137
第九章常見病毒/140
第一節呼吸道感染病毒/140
第二節腸道感染病毒/144
第三節肝炎病毒/147
第四節蟲媒病毒和出血熱病毒/153
第五節人類免疫缺陷病毒/155
第六節其他病毒/158
第十章真菌及其他微生物/163
第一節真菌/163
第二節放線菌/165
第三節螺旋體、衣原體、支原體及立克次體/166
第十一章人體寄生蟲概論/174
第一節基本概念/175
第二節寄生蟲與宿主的相互關係/176
第三節寄生蟲的主要種類及生物學特性/177
第四節寄生蟲病的流行與防治原則/179
第十二章腸道寄生蟲/182
第一節似蚓蛔線蟲/182
第二節鉤蟲/184
第三節蠕形住腸線蟲/186
第四節布氏薑片蟲/187
第五節鏈狀帶絛蟲與肥胖帶絛蟲/189
第六節溶組織內阿米巴/191
第七節其他腸道寄生蟲/193
第十三章其他腔道寄生蟲/195
第一節華支睪吸蟲/195
第二節陰道毛滴蟲/198
第十四章組織內寄生蟲/200
第一節日本血吸蟲/201
第二節衛氏並殖吸蟲/204
第三節剛地弓形蟲/207
第四節廣州管圓線蟲/209
第五節瘧原蟲/211
第六節其他組織內寄生蟲/215
第十五章醫學節肢動物/218
第一節概述/218
第二節常見的醫學節肢動物/221
第十六章免疫與病原生物發展趨勢展望/225
附錄辭彙對照表/231
參考文獻/233
文摘
第一部分包含第1章,為課程緒言,包括免疫和病原生物的簡介、面向讀者的學習指導等,作為後續課程學習的必備基礎。
第二部分包含第2章,為微生物概論,介紹細菌、病毒和真菌的基本知識。
第三部分包含第3~7章,為免疫有關基礎知識。
第四部分包含第8~10章,為醫學微生物各論內容。
第五部分包含第11~15章,為醫學寄生蟲內容。
第六部分包含第16章,為本課程最新進展的簡介。
第七部分為附錄,為本教程中英文辭彙對照表。
This textbook,consisting of sixteen chapters,can be divided into seven parts:
Part Ⅰ—Chapter 1,Introduction to Immunization and Pathogens—provides an overview of the field and a study guide for the reader.
PartⅡ—Chapter 2—an overview of microorganisms,introducing the basic knowledge in bacteria,viruses and fungi.
Part Ⅲ—Chapters 3 to 7—illustrates basics in immunology.
Part Ⅳ—Chapters 8 to 10—details medical microbiology.
Part Ⅴ—Chapters 11 to 15—focuses on medical parasitology.
Part Ⅵ—Chapter 16—introduces the latest advances.
Part Ⅶ—Appendix—provides an index to key terms in Chinese and English.
(3)實施急救護理措施:快速建立靜脈通道(視病情及藥物性質調整滴速)、吸氧(視病情調整用氧量)、心電監護、留置導尿管、保暖等,做好各種標本採集,協助進行相應的檢查,必要時做好術前準備等。
(4)臥位與安全。
①根據病情採取合適體位。
②保持呼吸道通暢,對昏迷病人應及時吸出口、鼻及氣管內分泌物,予以氧氣吸入。
③牙關緊閉、抽搐的傷病員可使用牙墊、開口器,防止舌咬傷、舌後墜。
④高熱、昏迷、譫妄、煩躁不安者,以及年老體弱病人及嬰幼兒應加用護欄,必要時給予約束帶,防止墜床,確保病人安全。
⑤備齊搶救用物、藥品和器械,各種搶救設施處於備用狀態。
⑥嚴密觀察病情,配合醫生積極進行搶救。專人護理,動態觀察病人生命體徵(T、P、R、BP)、神志、瞳孔、出血情況、SpO2、CVP、末梢循環及大小便等情況,做好護理記錄。
(5)遵醫囑給藥,不允許執行口頭醫囑(緊急搶救時按搶救工作制度執行)。使用所有藥物時都必須“三查八對”,特殊藥物的劑量和濃度要精確計算,必須經過兩人核對。
(6)保持各種管道通暢。妥善固定,安全放置,防止脫落、扭曲、堵塞;嚴格無菌技術操作,預防感染。
(7)保持大小便通暢。有尿瀦留病人採取誘導方法以助排尿,必要時導尿;便秘者視病情予以灌腸。
(8)視病情予以飲食護理。保持水、電解質平衡,滿足機體對營養的基本需求;禁食病人可予以外周靜脈營養。
(9)按照等級護理要求,落實好基礎護理。
①做好“三短九潔、五到床頭”。“三短”:頭髮、鬍鬚、指甲短。“九潔”:頭髮、顏面、皮膚、眼、耳、口、鼻、指(趾)甲、會陰清潔。“五到床頭”:醫生、護士、飲食、用藥、開水到床頭。
②晨、晚間護理2次/天,尿道口護理1~2次/天,氣管切開護理每天2~4次,注意眼的保護。
③保持肢體功能位,加強肢體被動活動或協助主動活動。
④加強皮膚護理,每2 h為病人翻身1次,使病人保持舒適臥位,嚴防發生壓瘡。
(10)心理護理:護士要隨時準確判斷病人所要表達的意圖,並及時給予解答,減輕病人的精神負擔和疾病痛苦。以鎮靜的神態、親切的語調護理病人,充分注意病人的各種情況變化,使病人以最佳的生理、心理狀態接受治療。
序言
Higher vocational and internationallyoriented nursing aims to train nurses who can perform(with English as the working language)nursing work within and outside the country,rather than scientific/technological personnel in immunology working directly with pathogens.Immunology and Pathogens:A Textbook in Both Chinese and English is to come out,shining with the wisdom and efforts of all compilers and authors.At the kind request of Ms.Ju Ying,MD,a planning editor of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press,I write this preface with much excitement.
魯迅先生曾說過:“其實地上本沒有路,走的人多了,也便成了路。”本教程的編寫思路與模式是同樣的道理,為不斷進行雙語教學的創新性思考和探索,彌補國內缺乏相應層次的培訓教程的缺憾,便有了這本教程。
Mr.Lu Xun once said:“There were no paths on the earth to begin with;people created them in walking.”Behind the compilation of this textbook is just this idea to create a path.In tune with the ongoing innovation in bilingual teaching in the nursing field,it hopes to make up for the lack of high quality vocational training materials in the country.
我國著名教育家、中國教育學會名譽會長顧明遠先生曰:“學生使用的教科書過深過難,教師教不了,學生學不好,反而不利於質量的提高。”
他還說:“沒有愛就沒有教育(no love,no education),沒有興趣就沒有學習(no interest,no learning)。”
鑒於市場上業已出版的"醫學免疫與病原生物"這門課程的雙語教程大都存在枯燥無味,味同嚼蠟,晦澀難懂,望而生畏,呆板平直,缺乏生氣的敘述方式等問題,不適合現在的大學生這一讀者群,英語水準不高的學生更是不敢問津。
缺乏適合的雙語教程實際上已經成為雙語教和學的一道壁障。
As put by Mr.Gu Mingyuan,China’s famous educator and President of the Chinese Society of Education:“If textbooks are too deep and too hard,teachers may not teach well and students may not learn well,which is not conducive to quality improvement.”
Mr.Gu also said:“Without love there would be no education(no love,no education);without interest there would be no learning(no interest,no learning).”
As far as I know,there are not yet any good bilingual textbooks for higher vocational and internationallyoriented nurse training.
Most of the published materials in this area are boring,insipid,and dauntingly obscure,their flat and lifeless narrative is hardly suitable for vocational teachers and readers,let alone students with poor English.
Lack of suitable bilingual textbooks has become a barrier to bilingual teaching and learning in the field.
隨著我國涉外護理(含高級護理及普通護理)專業教育教學的快速改革發展及對外交流的日趨頻繁,可以說涉外護理培訓工作方興未艾。
As international exchange frequents and as pedagogical reform in higher vocational and internationallyoriented nurse training(including senior care and general nursing)deepens in China,internationallyoriented nurse training will become more and more important.
大學生的英語學習能力普遍提升,特別是涉外護理及護理專業的學生大都具有一定的英語水準;在專業課及專業基礎課中滲透外語(英語)教學已經成為從事該層次教育的教師的共識。
Since students come to vocational schools with better and better English,more and more teachers have felt the necessity to teach the major courses at least partly in English.
本教程是國內護理教育領域經驗的總結與傳承,試圖在雙語教學的具體環境下提供解決特定現實問題的整套解決方案。
模式的概念來自於建築領域,模式之父Christopher Alexander博士將模式定義為“在具體環境中解決問題的方法”,它可以用於人類所從事的各個領域,這其中當然也包括雙語教學等領域。
Crystallizing the heritage of Chinese nursing education,this textbook aims to provide strategic modes to tackle specific issues frequently encountered in bilingual teaching.
The concept of the mode is borrowed from the construction sector,from Dr.Christopher Alexander,who defines it as “a method to solve problems in a specific environment”. As such,it can be used in all areas of human activities including of course bilingual teaching.
本雙語教程包含醫學免疫和病原生物(含醫學微生物和醫學寄生蟲)的“三基”內容(基本理論、基本知識、基本技能)。
每一章的英文部分用Learning guide、Key terms 和Summary等三個編寫框架來完成編纂工作,在具體操作過程中參照了歐美國家通用的CGFNS(Commission on Graduates of Foreign Nursing Schools)的有關辭彙標準。
This bilingual textbook covers “three basics” in medical immunology and pathogenic organisms(including medical microbiology and medical parasitology):basic theory,basic knowledge and basic skills.
The English section of each chapter includes Learning guide,Key terms and Summary compiled in tune with the generic European and American rubric set by CGFNS(Commission on Graduates of Foreign Nursing Schools).
本雙語教程的原始教學講義誕生於2003年,經過鄭州鐵路職業技術學院免疫和病原生物教研室的多位專家教授在本校涉外護理及護理專業教學中廣泛使用,積累了較為豐富的教學經驗。
在此基礎上,華中科技大學出版社推薦了國內從事涉外護理專業的資深教學專家共同完成本教程的初稿撰寫工作。
面對國內同類高校和培訓機構的迫切需求,這本凝聚了所有編纂者實戰經驗的教材即將問世。
Much of this textbook,originating from the teaching materials used by professors and specialists in the Department of Immune and Pathogenic Organisms at Zhengzhou Railway Vocational and Technical College as early as 2003,has weathered wide pedagogical test in the bilingual teaching of the school’s internationallyoriented nursing courses and thus enriched by the experience of all the people involved.
However,without the efforts from the wellexperienced professors and specialists in internationallyoriented nursing recommended by Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press,the first draft of the book could never have been completed.
Filled with the experience of all the editors and compilers,this textbook is now ready to come out,addressing the urgent needs of vocational nursing schools and training institutions for such a textbook.
“醫學免疫與病原生物”是這些護理專業核心課程的重要組成部分之一。
本教程的目的在於讓廣大學生和學員更快、更好地理解和掌握這一門課程,以適應他們繼續學習(出國深造)或國外英美國家工作及國內涉外醫院從事護理工作的實際需要。
Immunology and Pathogens has always been an important part of the core curriculum in nursing.
An important purpose of the textbook is to enable students and trainees to master this course faster and better so that they can be well prepared to study further or even work in Englishspeaking countries or in internationallyoriented hospitals in China.
本教程在整理編纂時還參考了目前市面上已有的有關書籍,集各家所長,並在此基礎上進行擴展與整理,適用於高校和培訓教學,將一些原本深奧並難以理解的雙語教材內容通過簡單的語言格式進行解析,讓讀者能夠輕鬆掌握面向未來的教學設計的精髓。
Referring to and improving on related textbooks on the market,ours has made special efforts to make difficult things easier via futureoriented pedagogical designs,for which this textbook can also be a good fit for other higherlearning institutions than vocational schools.
本教程一共有16章,可分為七個部分:
第一部分包含第1章,為課程緒言,包括免疫和病原生物的簡介、面向讀者的學習指導等,作為後續課程學習的必備基礎。
第二部分包含第2章,為微生物概論,介紹細菌、病毒和真菌的基本知識。
第三部分包含第3~7章,為免疫有關基礎知識。
第四部分包含第8~10章,為醫學微生物各論內容。
第五部分包含第11~15章,為醫學寄生蟲內容。
第六部分包含第16章,為本課程最新進展的簡介。
第七部分為附錄,為本教程中英文辭彙對照表。
This textbook,consisting of sixteen chapters,can be divided into seven parts:
Part Ⅰ—Chapter 1,Introduction to Immunization and Pathogens—provides an overview of the field and a study guide for the reader.
PartⅡ—Chapter 2—an overview of microorganisms,introducing the basic knowledge in bacteria,viruses and fungi.
Part Ⅲ—Chapters 3 to 7—illustrates basics in immunology.
Part Ⅳ—Chapters 8 to 10—details medical microbiology.
Part Ⅴ—Chapters 11 to 15—focuses on medical parasitology.
Part Ⅵ—Chapter 16—introduces the latest advances.
Part Ⅶ—Appendix—provides an index to key terms in Chinese and English.
本教程配套的教學PPT也在製作過程中,不久之後將正式發行,作為本書的輔助資料,為教學和學習提供便利。
Relevant PPTs are being made and will come out soon as supplementary materials to the book to facilitate teaching and learning.
本教程的顯著特點是具有通俗性和趣味性,既可作為相應層次護理及涉外護理專業的培訓教程,也可以作為護理人員考試培訓和廣大護理工作者及相關技術人員的自學和參考用書。
Accessible and intereststimulating,this textbook can be used,not only as training materials by higher vocational and internationallyoriented nursing programs,but also as a selfstudy and reference book by all interested nursing professionals and related technical personnel for the sake of tests and examinations.
本教程由鄭州鐵路職業技術學院董忠生和重慶醫藥高等專科學校高江原兩位教授擔任主編,由鄭州鐵路職業技術學院楊少龍和邢台醫學高等專科學校代玲兩位醫學碩士擔任英文主編,董忠生和楊少龍兩位老師負責本書的審校工作,楊少龍、石斌兩位老師參與教程的全部勘誤及編著秘書工作。
金湘東和楊少龍兩位老師負責附錄中英文辭彙表的收集整理和編纂工作。
在此向所有幫助和支持過我們的朋友表示感謝。在編寫過程中參考和引用了國內外很多書籍和網站的相關內容,部分圖片的素材和個別實例的初始原型也來源於網路,由於涉及的網站和網頁太多,沒有一一列舉,在此一併予以感謝。
最後特別感謝華中科技大學出版社為本教程出版所作出的努力。
Chief editors for the book are Professor Dong Zhongsheng from Zhengzhou Railway Vocational and Technical College and Professor Gao Jiangyuan from Chongqing Pharmaceutical College.Editors of English are Yang Shaolong,Master in Medicine,from Zhengzhou Railway Vocational and Technical College,and Dai Ling,Master in Medicine,from Xingtai Medical College.Mr.Dong Zhongsheng and Yang Shaolong have also been in charge of the review and revision of the book while Mr.Yang Shaolong and Shi Bin have contributed much to the copyediting and secretarial work.
Jin Xiangdong and Yang Shaolong have collected and compiled the English vocabulary in the appendix.
A heartfelt thankyou to all who have supported the project,to those whose books and websites we have referred to,and especially to the authors of some online visual materials and personal examples that have found their way to the book— the websites and pages thus involved are simply too many to be listed here.
Finally,a special thankyou to Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press for all its efforts to bring out the book.
教科書是無數人經驗的積累,希望通過這本書的學習,讀者能夠從實際使用中領悟這些教學感悟的精髓,並能夠在合適的場景下使用它們。
有了這本教程,我們的課程雙語教學將變得更像一個藝術品,而不是一堆難以維護和重用的語言符號。
Like all textbooks,this one synthesizes the experiences of countless people whose teaching and learning insights,I hope,will become a good resource for readers who can use them properly.
I also hope that this textbook will enrich bilingual teaching in the nursing field,rendering it more like a form of art rather than a heavy accumulation of technical jargon.
董忠生2014年7月於鄭州幸福校園
Dong Zhongsheng
Happy Campus,Zhengzhou
July,2014