基本介紹
基本信息,圖書簡介,書籍目錄,
基本信息
印次：1-1
印刷日期：2009-9-30
圖書簡介
《全國碩士研究生入學統一考試計算機學科專業基礎綜合（2010年版）》是專門針對計算機專業研究生入學考試的特點和需求量身打造的，書中融合了編者多年的教學輔導經驗，完全針對考研大綱的要求，知識點覆蓋全面，文字通俗易懂，簡潔精煉，是複習備考不可缺少的??白柿稀?br>從去年全國計算機專業課統考以來，市面上出現了一些有關專業課統考的複習用書，但並非特別適合考生使用，大部分輔導用書由於編寫時間極短，覆蓋知識點不全，難易程度控制不到位，不僅沒能起到總結歸納的作用，反而浪費考生的複習時間，影響複習效果。
本書在編寫過程中，注重吸取目前市面上專業複習用書出現的一些問題，特別針對當前國內大學生學習水平和複習時間，給出考生複習計算機專業課的目標、考點精解、例題精析和習題、參考答案等。使得本書無論是在知識面的覆蓋上，還是在題目的難易程度上都儘量與考試一致。使考生高效率的複習知識點，提高對知識的認識水平，總結和歸納套用技巧。因此，學生完全可以放心選擇本書作為計算機專業的複習全書。
書籍目錄
目錄
第1部分數據結構
第1章線性表············································2
1.1複習提示··················································2
1.1.1複習目標和要求·································2
1.1.2命題方向提示·····································3
1.2知識點精講···············································3
1.2.1數據結構的基本概念和線性結構······3
1.2.2順序表的類型和定義·························3
1.2.3線性表的順序表示和實現··················4
1.2.4線性表的鏈式表示和實現··················6
1.2.5遞歸概念及算法實現·························8
1.3例題精析··················································8
1.4習題························································15
1.5習題解答················································18
第2章棧、佇列和數組·····························21
2.1複習提示················································21
2.1.1複習目標和要求·······························21
2.1.2命題方向提示···································22
2.2知識點精講·············································22
2.2.1棧和佇列的基本概念·······················22
2.2.2順序棧和鏈棧及其套用···················23
2.2.3鏈隊、順序隊和循環佇列················27
2.2.4對稱矩陣···········································29
2.2.5特殊矩陣的壓縮存儲·······················29
2.3例題精析················································31
2.4習題························································37
2.5習題答案················································40
第3章樹與二叉樹····································45
3.1複習提示················································45
3.1.1複習目標和要求·······························45
3.1.2命題方向提示···································46
3.2知識點精講·············································46
3.2.1樹和二叉樹的定義和主要特徵········46
3.2.2二叉樹的順序存儲結構
和鏈式存儲結構································48
3.2.3二叉樹的遍歷····································49
3.2.4線索二叉樹的基本概念和構造········50
3.2.5排序二叉樹和平衡二叉樹················53
3.2.6樹的存儲結構和森林························53
3.2.7樹和森林的遍歷································55
3.2.8樹的套用：哈夫曼樹
和哈夫曼編碼···································56
3.3例題精析················································58
3.4習題························································65
3.5習題答案·??69
第4章圖···················································78
4.1複習提示················································78
4.1.1複習目標和要求································78
4.1.2命題方向提示····································79
4.2知識點精講············································79
4.2.1圖的概念和基本術語························79
4.2.2圖的存儲結構和操作························80
4.2.3圖的遍歷············································82
4.2.4最小生成樹和生成森林····················83
4.2.5最短路徑·································??4
4.2.6拓撲排序············································85
4.2.7關鍵路徑············································86
4.3例題精析················································87
4.4習題························································93
4.5習題答案················································96
第5章查找·············································100
5.1複習提示···············································100
5.1.1複習目標和要求······························100
5.1.2命題方向提示··································101
5.2知識點精講··············01
目錄
VI
5.2.1查找的基本概念·····························101
5.2.2順序查找法·····································102
5.2.3折半查找法·····································103
5.2.4動態查找法·····································103
5.2.5B-樹和B+樹···································106
5.2.6哈希表·············································107
5.3例題精析··············································110
5.4習題······················································114
5.5習題答案··············································116
第6章內部排序······································120
6.1複習提示··············································120
6.1.1複習目標和要求·····························120
6.1.2命題方向提示·································121
6.2知識點精講···········································121
6.2.1排序的基本概念······························121
6.2.2插入排序··········································122
6.2.3交換排序··········································123
6.2.4選擇排序··········································124
6.2.5歸併排序··········································127
6.2.6基數排序································?ぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁ?28
6.2.7對各種排序算法的比較··················129
6.3例題精析···············································130
6.4習題·······················································133
6.5習題答案···············································137
第2部分計算機組成原理
第1章計算機系統概述···························142
1.1複習提示··············································142
1.1.1複習目標和要求·····························142
1.1.2命題方向提示·································143
1.2知識點精講···········································143
1.2.1計算機的發展歷程·························143
1.2.2計算機硬1.2.3計算機軟體及程式語言·················144
1.2.4計算機系統的層次結構·················145
1.2.5計算機的工作過程·························146
1.2.6計算機性能指標·····························146
1.3例題精析··············································147
1.4習題······················································147
1.5習題答案··············································149
第2章數據的表示與運算·······················150
2.1複習提示··············································150
2.1.1複習目標和要求·····························150
2.1.2命題方向提示2.2知識點精講···········································151
2.2.1進位計數制及其相互轉換··············151
2.2.2真值和機器數·································152
2.2.3BCD碼············································152
2.2.4字元與字元串表示·························152
2.2.5校驗碼·············································153
2.2.6數的表示·········································153
2.2.7定點數的表示·································154
2.2.8定點數的運算·································156
2.2.9浮點數的表示·································160
2.2.10浮點數的加/減運算····················161
2.2.11串?屑臃ㄆ骱筒⑿屑臃ㄆ鰲ぁぁぁぁぁ?162
2.3例題精析··············································163
2.4習題······················································169
2.5習題答案··············································177
第3章存儲器層次結構···························189
3.1複習提示··············································189
3.1.1複習目標和要求·····························189
3.1.2命題方向提示·································190
3.2知識點精講··········································190
3.2.1存儲器的分類·································190
3.2.2存儲器的層次化結構······················190
3.2.3半導體?婊?嬡〈媧Ⅰ?191
3.2.4隻讀存儲器·····································191
3.2.5主存儲器與CPU的連線················191
3.2.6雙口RAM·······································192
3.2.7多模組交叉存儲器·························192
3.2.8程式訪問的局部性·························193
目錄
VII
3.2.9Cache的基本工作原理··················193
3.2.10Cache和主存之間的映射方式·····193
3.2.11Cache中主存塊的替換算法·········195
3.2.12Cache寫策略································195
3.2.13虛擬存儲器的基本概念···············196
3.2.14頁式虛擬存儲器···························196
3.2.15段式虛擬存儲器···························196
3.2.16段頁式虛擬存儲器3.2.17TLB（快表）································198
3.3例題精析··············································198
3.4習題······················································207
3.5習題答案··············································213
第4章指令系統······································222
4.1複習提示··············································222
4.1.1複習目標和要求·····························222
4.1.2命題方向提示·································223
4.2知識點精講···········································223
4.2.1指令的基本格式·····························223
4.2.2定長操作碼指令格式·····················224
4.2.3擴展操作碼指令格式·····················224
4.2.4有效地址的概念·····························224
4.2.5數據定址和指令定址·····················224
4.2.6常見定址方式·································224
4.2.7CISC和RISC的基本概念·············228
4.3例題精析··············································229
4.4習題······················································236
4.5習題答案··············································243
第5章中央處理器··································250
5.1複習提示··············································250
5.1.1複習目標和要求?250
5.1.2命題方向提示·································251
5.2知識點精講···········································251
5.2.1CPU的功能和基本結構·················251
5.2.2指令執行過程·································252
5.2.3數據通路的功能和基本結構··········253
5.2.4控制器的功能和工作原理··············253
5.2.5微操作命令的分析·························254
5.2.6多級時序系統·································255
5.2.7控制方式·········································255
5.2.8硬布線控制器·································256
5.2.9微程式控制器·································257
5.2.10指令流水線的基本概念················259
5.2.11指令流水線中的相關問題
及其解方案····································261
5.2.12超標量和動態流水線的基本概念··263
5.3例題精析··············································264
5.4習題······················································270
5.5參考答案··············································280
第6章匯流排·············································289
6.1複習提示··············································289
6.1.1複習目標和要求·····························289
6.1.2複習方向提示·································290
6.2知識點精講··········································290
6.2.1匯流排的基本概念·····························290
6.2.2匯流排的分類·····································290
6.2.3匯流排的組成及性能指標··················290
6.2.4集中式仲裁方式·····························291
6.2.5分布仲裁方式·································292
6.2.6匯流排操作和定時·····························292
6.2.7匯流排標準·········································293
6.3例題精析··············································293
6.4習題······················································296
6.5參考答案··············································298
第7章輸入輸出系統·······························301
7.1複習提示··············································301
7.1.1複習目標和要求·····························301
7.1.2命題方向提示·································302
7.2知識點精講··········································302
7.2.1I/O系統基本概念···························302
7.2.2輸入設備：鍵盤、滑鼠··················302
7.2.3輸出設備：顯示器、印表機··········303
7.2.4外存儲器：硬碟存儲器、
磁碟陣列、光碟存儲器·················305
7.2.5I/O接口的功能和基本結構···········307
7.2.6I/O連線埠及其編址···························307
7.2.7程式查詢方式·································308
7.2.8程式中斷方式·································309
7.2.9DMA控制器···································310
目錄
VIII
7.3例題精析··············································311
7.4習題······················································315
7.5參考答案··············································320
第3部分作業系統
第1章作業系統概述······························326
1.1複習提示··············································326
1.1.1複習目標和要求·····························326
1.1.2命題方向提示·································327
1.2知識點精講···········································327
1.2.1作業系統的基本概念和特徵··········327
1.2.2作業系統的目標·····························327
1.2.3作業系統的作用·····························328
1.2.4作業系統的發展過程·····················328
1.2.5作業系統的基本特徵·····················330
1.2.6作業系統的主要功能·····················330
1.2.7OS結構設計···································332
1.3例題精析··············································333
1.4習題······················································334
1.5習題答案··············································336
第2章進程管理與處理器調度················337
2.1複習提示··············································338
2.1.1複習目標和要求·····························338
2.1.2命題方向提示·································338
2.2知識點詳解···········································338
2.2.1進程的基本概念和特點·················338
2.2.2進程的狀態與轉換·························339
2.2.3進程的組成·····································340
2.2.4進程通信·········································341
2.2.5執行緒基本概念·································342
2.2.6處理器調度的基本概念和分類······342
2.2.7進程調度的調度方式
和調度的基本準則························342
2.2.8幾種典型的調度算法·····················343
2.2.9進程同步和互斥的基本概念··········345
2.2.10實現臨界區互斥的基本方法········345
2.2.11信號量機制及管程的引入············348
2.2.12經典同步問題分析·······················349
2.2.13死鎖的基本概念
和四個必要條件······················352
2.2.14死鎖的處理策略和死鎖預防········352
2.2.15死鎖避免、系統安全
狀態以及銀行家算法··············353
2.2.16死鎖檢測與解除···························354
2.3例題解析··············································354
2.4習題······················································364
2.5習題解答··············································369
第3章記憶體管理······································377
3.1複習提示··············································377
3.1.1複習目標和要求·····························377
3.1.2命題方向提示·································378
3.2知識點詳解··········································378
3.2.1記憶體管理的基本概念······················378
3.2.2交換與覆蓋思想·····························379
3.2.3連續分配管理方式·························380
3.2.4非連續分配方式·····························381
3.2.5虛擬記憶體的基本概念
和局部性原理································384
3.2.6幾種經典的頁面置換算法··············385
3.3例題精析··············································386
3.4習題······················································390
3.5習題答案··············································394
第4章檔案管理系統??97
4.1複習提示··············································397
4.1.1複習目標和要求·····························397
4.1.2命題方向提示·································398
4.2知識點詳解··········································398
4.2.1檔案概念和分類·····························398
4.2.2檔案邏輯結構和物理結構··············400
4.2.3目錄檔案和目錄結構······················402
4.2.4檔案共享動機及其方式··················403
4.2.5檔案存取控制（檔案保護）··········403
4.2.6磁碟結構和磁碟調度算法··············404
4.3例題精選··············································405
目錄
IX
4.4習題·················??409
4.5習題解答··············································411
第5章輸入輸出管理······························413
5.1複習提示··············································413
5.1.1複習目標和要求·····························413
5.1.2命題方向提示·································414
5.2知識點詳解···········································414
5.2.1I/O系統概述和I/O設備的分類····414
5.2.2設備控制器I/O通道······················415
5.2.3I/O控制方式···································416
5.2.4緩衝管理和分類·····························418
5.2.5I/O設備分配方式···················?ぁぁぁぁぁぁぁ?420
5.2.6假脫機技術·····································421
5.2.7磁碟出錯處理·································421
5.3例題精析··············································422
5.4習題······················································425
5.5習題解答··············································428
第4部分計算機網路
第1章計算機網路體系結構···················432
1.1複習提示··············································432
1.1.1複習目標和要求·····························432
1.1.2命題方向提示·································433
1.2知識點精講···········································433
1.2.1計算機網路的概念組成和功能······433
1.2.2計算機網路的分類和拓撲結構······434
1.2.3計算機網路與網際網路的發展歷史··435
1.2.4計算機網路的標準化
工作及其相關組織··························435
1.2.5計算機網路分層結構和
協定、接口等概念··························435
1.2.6ISO/OSI參考模型··························436
1.2.7TCP/IP模型····································437
1.2.8OSI參考模型與
TCP/IP參考模型的比較·················438
1.3例題精析··············································439
1.4習題······················································442
1.5習題答案··············································443
第2章物理層······························??45
2.1複習提示··············································445
2.1.1複習目標和要求·····························445
2.1.2命題方向提示·································446
2.2知識點精講···········································446
2.2.1信道、信號、寬頻、碼元、
波特、速率等基本概念·················446
2.2.2奈奎斯特定理與香農定理··············448
2.2.3編碼與調製·····································449
2.2.4電路交換、報文交換與分組交換··450
2.2.5數據報與虛電路·····························452
2.2.6雙絞線、同軸電纜、
光纖與無線傳輸介質······················452
2.2.7物理層接口的特性·························454
2.2.8中繼器、集線器·····························454
2.3例題精析··············································455
2.4習題······················································458
2.5習題答案··············································460
第3章數據鏈路層··································463
3.1複習提示··············································464
3.1.1複習目標和要求·····························464
3.1.2命題方向提示·································464
3.2知識點精講··········································464
3.2.1數據鏈路層的基本概念··················464
3.2.2差錯控制機制、檢錯編碼
和糾錯編碼······································466
3.2.3流量控制與可靠性傳輸機制··········469
3.2.4信道劃分介質訪問控制
（多路復用技術）··························471
3.2.5介質訪問控制方法·························472
3.2.6區域網路·············································474
3.2.7數鏈層設備·····································478
3.2.8數據鏈路層協定·····························480
3.3例題精析··············································483
3.4習題······················································488
目錄
X
3.5習題答案··············································492
第4章網路層·········································496
4.1複習提示··············································497
4.1.1複習目標和要求·····························497
4.1.2命題方向提示·································497
4.2知識點精講···········································497
4.2.1網路層的功能·································497
4.2.2路由算法的基本要求
和靜態路由、動態路由··················498
4.2.3距離-向量路由算法、鏈路
狀態路由算法和層次路由··············498
4.2.4IPv4地址和IP協定·······················499
4.2.5子網劃分與子網掩碼·····················503
4.2.6ARP協定、DHCP協定、
ICMP協定·······································504
4.2.7IPv6主要特點與IPv6地址···········506
4.2.8自治系統、域內路由與域間路由··506
4.2.9RIP路由信息協定、OSPF路由
協定、BGP路由協定·····················506
4.2.10組播的基本概念···························508
4.2.11網路層設備···································509
4.2.12移動IP的概念和通信過程··········509
4.3例題精析··············································509
4.3習題······················································514
4.5習題答案··············································518
第5章傳輸層·········································524
5.1複習提示··············································524
5.1.1複習目標和要求·····························524
5.1.2命題方向提示·································525
5.2知識點精講··········································525
5.2.1傳輸層的功能·································525
5.2.2定址與連線埠·····································526
5.2.3無連線服務與面向連線服務··········526
5.2.4UDP協定········································526
5.2.5TCP段、TCP連線管理·················528
5.3例題精析··············································534
5.4習題······················································536
5.5習題答案··············································537
第6章套用層·········································540
6.1複習提示··············································540
6.1.1複習目標和要求·····························540
6.1.2命題方向提示·································541
6.2知識點精講··········································541
6.2.1客戶/伺服器模型與P2P模型········541
6.2.2層次域名空間和域名解析··············541
6.2.3FTP協定的工作原理······················543
6.2.4電子郵件系統·································544
6.2.5WWW的概念與組成結構
和HTTP協定································546
6.3例題精析··············································548
6.4習題······················································551
6.4習題答案··············································552
第5部分模擬試題
模擬試題1·················································556
模擬試題2·················································563
模擬試題3··················································572
模擬試題4··················································579
附錄
附錄12009全國計算機專業統考試題及答案評析·····························································588
附錄2計算機學科專業基礎綜合考試大綱（2010版）······················································599
