《聲納陣列信號處理技術》是2018年2月電子工業出版社出版的圖書，作者是杜選民、周勝增、高源。
基本介紹
- 書名：聲納陣列信號處理技術
- 作者：杜選民、周勝增、高源
- ISBN：9787121336492
- 頁數：260頁
- 定價：58元
- 出版社：電子工業出版社
- 出版時間：2018年2月
- 開本：16開
內容簡介,圖書目錄,
內容簡介
陣趨享催列信號處理是現代聲納設備的核心功能之一。通過接收陣列的信號處理，可以獲取空間指向性增益，提高空間分辨和干擾抑制能力，實現對目標的檢測與跟蹤去祖洪棄、方位與距離估計；通過發射陣列的信號處理，可以獲取具有一定時延差或相位差的陣元信號，從而形成指向性發射波束，提高聲詢享芝源級；通過空-時自適應處理，可以提高對弱目標的檢測能力。近年來，聲納技術不斷發展，出現了多線列陣聲納、連續波聲納、MIMO聲納等新體制聲納以及自適應盲處理、時反處理、矢量信號處理、魯棒性波束形成、模基信號處理等新型處理算法，這些都是聲納陣列信號處理的發展與豐富轎糊。
本書深入、系統地介紹了可套用於實際聲納設備的陣列信號處理技術，在簡單的原理接收基礎上又大量的計算機模擬仿真及湖、海試實際數據的處理結腿設良習果。另外本書有較大篇幅的聲納陣列信號處理領域的新技術介紹。
圖書目錄
第1 章 聲場概述············································································································1
1.1 引言···························································································································· 1
1.2 聲波的基本概念········································································································ 1
1.3 聲學基本物理量········································································································ 1
1.4 理想流體介質中小振幅波傳播的基本規律······························································ 2
1.4.1 理想流體介質······································································································· 2
1.4.2 連續性方程·········································································································· 3
1.4.3 狀態方程············································································································· 3
1.4.4 運動方程鍵喇跨············································································································· 4
1.4.5 波動方程············································································································· 4
1.4.6 速度勢少祝鴉函式·········································································································· 4
1.4.7 亥姆霍茲方程······································································································· 5
1.4.8 三種不同坐標系下亥姆霍茲方程求解····································································· 5
1.4.9 線性濾波器理論框架下波動方程求解····································································· 9
1.4.10 介質特性阻抗··································································································· 11
1.5 分層介質中的波傳播······························································································· 11
1.5.1 平行平面層中波傳播的一般關係·········································································· 11
1.5.2 邊界條件··········································································································· 12
1.5.3 硬底均勻淺海聲場······························································································ 12
1.5.4 液態海底均勻淺海聲場······················································································· 14
1.6 聲場傳播基本模型··································································································· 15
1.7 聲學工具·················································································································· 16
1.8 本章小結·················································································································· 17
參考文獻······························································································································17
第2 章 基陣理論基礎···································································································18
2.1 引言·························································································································· 18
2.2 基陣的主要性能參數······························································································· 18
2.2.1 常見的基陣類型································································································· 18
2.2.2 主要性能參數····································································································· 18
2.3 均勻線列陣·············································································································· 21
2.3.1 基陣回響（指向性函式） ···················································································· 22
2.3.2 乘積定理··········································································································· 24
2.3.3 幅度加權··········································································································· 25
2.3.4 波束掃描··········································································································· 25
2.3.5 離散空間傅立葉變換··························································································· 27
2.3.6 寬頻聲源··········································································································· 29
2.4 均勻平面陣·············································································································· 29
2.5 圓形陣······················································································································ 30
2.6 雙線列陣·················································································································· 31
2.7 三元組線列陣·········································································································· 33
2.8 四元組線列陣·········································································································· 35
2.9 本章小結·················································································································· 36
參考文獻··························································································································· 37
第3 章 陣列信號模型···································································································38
3.1 引言·························································································································· 38
3.2 基陣信號與噪聲······································································································ 38
3.2.1 空間信號··········································································································· 38
3.2.2 基本假設條件····································································································· 39
3.2.3 信號的窄帶假設和解析表示················································································· 42
3.2.4 基陣噪聲假設····································································································· 45
3.3 陣列信號模型·········································································································· 46
3.3.1 基陣的陣列流形與模糊······················································································· 46
3.3.2 基陣的離散時間信號模型···················································································· 48
3.3.3 信號的空間採樣································································································· 49
3.3.4 採樣數據··········································································································· 50
3.4 波束形成·················································································································· 52
3.4.1 波束回響··········································································································· 52
3.4.2 輸出信噪比········································································································ 54
3.5 空間匹配濾波器······································································································ 55
3.5.1 空間匹配濾波器································································································· 55
3.5.2 陣元間距··········································································································· 56
3.5.3 陣列孔徑和角度解析度······················································································· 58
3.6 本章小結·················································································································· 59
參考文獻··························································································································· 59
第4 章 矢量水聽器及陣處理技術·················································································60
4.1 聲場中的振速信息··································································································· 60
4.1.1 平面波聲場聲學歐姆定律···················································································· 60
4.1.2 各向同性噪聲場中矢量水聽器測量模型································································ 61
4.2 矢量水聽器的種類··································································································· 62
4.2.1 聲場振速的測量方法··························································································· 62
4.2.2 矢量水聽器的種類······························································································ 62
4.2.3 幾種矢量水聽器································································································· 63
4.3 單矢量水聽器探測技術··························································································· 67
4.3.1 單矢量水聽器的自然指向性················································································· 67
4.3.2 矢量水聽器指向性的電子旋轉············································································· 67
4.3.3 單個矢量水聽器的測向方法················································································· 68
4.4 矢量水聽器線列陣技術··························································································· 68
4.4.1 矢量波束形成····································································································· 68
4.4.2 矢量線列陣測向研究··························································································· 70
4.4.3 目標跟蹤算法研究······························································································ 71
4.4.4 矢量線列陣的增益······························································································ 71
4.4.5 矢量水聽器線列陣校正······················································································· 78
4.5 矢量拖線列陣技術··································································································· 82
4.5.1 拖曳用矢量水聽器······························································································ 82
4.5.2 矢量水聽器的姿態穩定技術················································································· 84
4.5.3 矢量拖線列陣拖曳噪聲研究················································································· 84
4.5.4 拖曳試驗數據處理······························································································ 88
4.6 矢量時間反轉鏡······································································································ 91
4.6.1 時反聚焦原理····································································································· 91
4.6.2 聲壓時反鏡聚焦理論··························································································· 92
4.6.3 矢量時反聚焦理論······························································································ 92
4.6.4 時反鏡的聚焦穩健性··························································································· 93
4.7 本章小結·················································································································· 93
參考文獻······························································································································93
第5 章 自適應波束形成與噪聲抵消技術······································································95
5.1 引言·························································································································· 95
5.2 常規波束形成技術··································································································· 95
5.2.1 窄帶相移波束形成······························································································ 95
5.2.2 寬頻波束形成····································································································· 96
5.3 分裂陣波束形成技術······························································································· 97
5.3.1 分裂陣參考陣元選取··························································································· 98
5.3.2 分裂陣互相關檢測······························································································ 99
5.3.3 半波束相位單元化處理····················································································· 101
5.4 自適應波束形成技術····························································································· 108
5.4.1 MVDR 波束形成技術························································································ 108
5.4.2 MUSIC 算法····································································································· 109
5.4.3 計算機仿真······································································································ 110
5.4.4 快速收斂MVDR 算法······················································································· 112
5.4.5 海試數據處理結果···························································································· 115
5.4.6 自適應波束形成改進研究的方向········································································ 115
5.5 自適應噪聲抵消技術····························································································· 116
5.5.1 自適應噪聲抵消技術的基本原理········································································ 116
5.5.2 基於LMS 算法的自適應噪聲抵消······································································ 117
5.5.3 AIC 技術在拖船噪聲抵消中的套用····································································· 118
5.5.4 逆波束形成拖船干擾抵消·················································································· 121
5.6 本章小結················································································································ 124
參考文獻························································································································· 124
第6 章 聲納被動定位技術·························································································· 127
6.1 引言························································································································ 127
6.2 三角定位法············································································································ 127
6.2.1 基本原理········································································································· 127
6.2.2 誤差分析········································································································· 128
6.2.3 實現方法········································································································· 129
6.3 三點/四點測距······································································································· 130
6.3.1 基本原理········································································································· 131
6.3.2 誤差分析········································································································· 132
6.3.3 實現方法········································································································· 133
6.4 聚焦波束形成定位································································································· 134
6.4.1 基本原理········································································································· 134
6.4.2 理論計算········································································································· 135
6.4.3 實現方法········································································································· 136
6.4.4 高分辨聚焦波束形成方法·················································································· 137
6.4.5 工程套用考慮··································································································· 139
6.5 匹配場處理············································································································ 140
6.5.1 概述················································································································ 140
6.5.2 匹配場處理技術簡介························································································· 141
6.5.3 匹配場處理髮展······························································································· 142
6.5.4 匹配場數據模型······························································································· 143
6.5.5 匹配場處理仿真······························································································· 145
6.5.6 匹配場處理存在問題························································································· 148
6.6 基於波導不變數的被動定位················································································· 148
6.6.1 問題的提出······································································································ 150
6.6.2 干涉現象的產生機理························································································· 151
6.6.3 波導不變數β ···································································································· 153
6.6.4 仿真實驗········································································································· 154
6.6.5 基於波導不變數的快速被動估距技術································································· 156
6.7 多途定位················································································································ 159
6.7.1 多途定位基本原理···························································································· 159
6.7.2 計算機仿真······································································································ 160
6.8 本章小結················································································································ 163
參考文獻························································································································· 163
第7 章 目標運動分析································································································· 165
7.1 引言························································································································ 165
7.2 多基陣聯合的被動純方位目標運動分析······························································ 166
7.2.1 常規單基陣純方位TMA···················································································· 166
7.2.2 雙基陣被動純方位TMA 的數據融合模型···························································· 168
7.2.3 仿真計算········································································································· 171
7.3 利用多維信息的被動目標跟蹤性能研究······························································ 174
7.3.1 基本概念········································································································· 174
7.3.2 方位—頻率TMA 及多陣純方位TMA 的最大似然估計········································· 177
7.3.3 仿真計算········································································································· 180
7.4 本章小結················································································································ 183
參考文獻························································································································· 184
第8 章 空時自適應處理····························································································· 186
8.1 引言························································································································ 186
8.2 混響空時分布特性································································································· 186
8.2.1 主動拖曳線列陣聲納························································································· 187
8.2.2 海試混響空時分布特性····················································································· 188
8.2.3 主動聲納檢測背景分析····················································································· 189
8.3 STAP 原理介紹······································································································ 191
8.3.1 空時數據結構··································································································· 191
8.3.2 全維STAP 處理方法························································································· 194
8.3.3 降維STAP 處理方法························································································· 195
8.4 STAP 數據處理結果驗證······················································································ 201
8.5 STAP 在被動聲納中套用······················································································ 205
8.5.1 空—頻二維自適應處理····················································································· 205
8.5.2 仿真處理········································································································· 206
8.6 本章小結················································································································ 207
參考文獻························································································································· 208
第9 章 新型聲納信號處理技術·················································································· 209
9.1 引言························································································································ 209
9.2 模基信號處理········································································································ 209
9.2.1 卡爾曼濾波技術······························································································· 210
9.2.2 MBSP 在水聲信號處理中的套用方向·································································· 211
9.2.3 模基信號處理小結···························································································· 214
9.3 多輸入多輸出聲納處理························································································· 214
9.3.1 MIMO 聲納原理······························································································· 215
9.3.2 MIMO 聲納數學模型························································································ 215
9.3.3 MIMO 聲納特點······························································································· 217
9.3.4 MIMO 聲納正交波形························································································ 219
9.3.5 MIMO 聲納等效虛擬陣····················································································· 227
9.3.6 MIMO 聲納指向性···························································································· 229
9.3.7 MIMO 聲納波束形成························································································ 233
9.3.8 MIMO 聲納信號處理小結·················································································· 233
9.4 連續波主動聲納處理····························································································· 234
9.4.1 研究現狀········································································································· 235
9.4.2 直達波干擾抑制······························································································· 236
9.4.3 CAS 發射信號·································································································· 237
9.4.4 基於差拍—分數階傅立葉變換的CAS 回波檢測算法············································ 242
9.4.5 小結················································································································ 247
9.5 本章小結················································································································ 247
參考文獻························································································································· 247
1.4.4 運動方程············································································································· 4
1.4.5 波動方程············································································································· 4
1.4.6 速度勢函式·········································································································· 4
1.4.7 亥姆霍茲方程······································································································· 5
1.4.8 三種不同坐標系下亥姆霍茲方程求解····································································· 5
1.4.9 線性濾波器理論框架下波動方程求解····································································· 9
1.4.10 介質特性阻抗··································································································· 11
1.5 分層介質中的波傳播······························································································· 11
1.5.1 平行平面層中波傳播的一般關係·········································································· 11
1.5.2 邊界條件··········································································································· 12
1.5.3 硬底均勻淺海聲場······························································································ 12
1.5.4 液態海底均勻淺海聲場······················································································· 14
1.6 聲場傳播基本模型··································································································· 15
1.7 聲學工具·················································································································· 16
1.8 本章小結·················································································································· 17
參考文獻······························································································································17
第2 章 基陣理論基礎···································································································18
2.1 引言·························································································································· 18
2.2 基陣的主要性能參數······························································································· 18
2.2.1 常見的基陣類型································································································· 18
2.2.2 主要性能參數····································································································· 18
2.3 均勻線列陣·············································································································· 21
2.3.1 基陣回響（指向性函式） ···················································································· 22
2.3.2 乘積定理··········································································································· 24
2.3.3 幅度加權··········································································································· 25
2.3.4 波束掃描··········································································································· 25
2.3.5 離散空間傅立葉變換··························································································· 27
2.3.6 寬頻聲源··········································································································· 29
2.4 均勻平面陣·············································································································· 29
2.5 圓形陣······················································································································ 30
2.6 雙線列陣·················································································································· 31
2.7 三元組線列陣·········································································································· 33
2.8 四元組線列陣·········································································································· 35
2.9 本章小結·················································································································· 36
參考文獻··························································································································· 37
第3 章 陣列信號模型···································································································38
3.1 引言·························································································································· 38
3.2 基陣信號與噪聲······································································································ 38
3.2.1 空間信號··········································································································· 38
3.2.2 基本假設條件····································································································· 39
3.2.3 信號的窄帶假設和解析表示················································································· 42
3.2.4 基陣噪聲假設····································································································· 45
3.3 陣列信號模型·········································································································· 46
3.3.1 基陣的陣列流形與模糊······················································································· 46
3.3.2 基陣的離散時間信號模型···················································································· 48
3.3.3 信號的空間採樣································································································· 49
3.3.4 採樣數據··········································································································· 50
3.4 波束形成·················································································································· 52
3.4.1 波束回響··········································································································· 52
3.4.2 輸出信噪比········································································································ 54
3.5 空間匹配濾波器······································································································ 55
3.5.1 空間匹配濾波器································································································· 55
3.5.2 陣元間距··········································································································· 56
3.5.3 陣列孔徑和角度解析度······················································································· 58
3.6 本章小結·················································································································· 59
參考文獻··························································································································· 59
第4 章 矢量水聽器及陣處理技術·················································································60
4.1 聲場中的振速信息··································································································· 60
4.1.1 平面波聲場聲學歐姆定律···················································································· 60
4.1.2 各向同性噪聲場中矢量水聽器測量模型································································ 61
4.2 矢量水聽器的種類··································································································· 62
4.2.1 聲場振速的測量方法··························································································· 62
4.2.2 矢量水聽器的種類······························································································ 62
4.2.3 幾種矢量水聽器································································································· 63
4.3 單矢量水聽器探測技術··························································································· 67
4.3.1 單矢量水聽器的自然指向性················································································· 67
4.3.2 矢量水聽器指向性的電子旋轉············································································· 67
4.3.3 單個矢量水聽器的測向方法················································································· 68
4.4 矢量水聽器線列陣技術··························································································· 68
4.4.1 矢量波束形成····································································································· 68
4.4.2 矢量線列陣測向研究··························································································· 70
4.4.3 目標跟蹤算法研究······························································································ 71
4.4.4 矢量線列陣的增益······························································································ 71
4.4.5 矢量水聽器線列陣校正······················································································· 78
4.5 矢量拖線列陣技術··································································································· 82
4.5.1 拖曳用矢量水聽器······························································································ 82
4.5.2 矢量水聽器的姿態穩定技術················································································· 84
4.5.3 矢量拖線列陣拖曳噪聲研究················································································· 84
4.5.4 拖曳試驗數據處理······························································································ 88
4.6 矢量時間反轉鏡······································································································ 91
4.6.1 時反聚焦原理····································································································· 91
4.6.2 聲壓時反鏡聚焦理論··························································································· 92
4.6.3 矢量時反聚焦理論······························································································ 92
4.6.4 時反鏡的聚焦穩健性··························································································· 93
4.7 本章小結·················································································································· 93
參考文獻······························································································································93
第5 章 自適應波束形成與噪聲抵消技術······································································95
5.1 引言·························································································································· 95
5.2 常規波束形成技術··································································································· 95
5.2.1 窄帶相移波束形成······························································································ 95
5.2.2 寬頻波束形成····································································································· 96
5.3 分裂陣波束形成技術······························································································· 97
5.3.1 分裂陣參考陣元選取··························································································· 98
5.3.2 分裂陣互相關檢測······························································································ 99
5.3.3 半波束相位單元化處理····················································································· 101
5.4 自適應波束形成技術····························································································· 108
5.4.1 MVDR 波束形成技術························································································ 108
5.4.2 MUSIC 算法····································································································· 109
5.4.3 計算機仿真······································································································ 110
5.4.4 快速收斂MVDR 算法······················································································· 112
5.4.5 海試數據處理結果···························································································· 115
5.4.6 自適應波束形成改進研究的方向········································································ 115
5.5 自適應噪聲抵消技術····························································································· 116
5.5.1 自適應噪聲抵消技術的基本原理········································································ 116
5.5.2 基於LMS 算法的自適應噪聲抵消······································································ 117
5.5.3 AIC 技術在拖船噪聲抵消中的套用····································································· 118
5.5.4 逆波束形成拖船干擾抵消·················································································· 121
5.6 本章小結················································································································ 124
參考文獻························································································································· 124
第6 章 聲納被動定位技術·························································································· 127
6.1 引言························································································································ 127
6.2 三角定位法············································································································ 127
6.2.1 基本原理········································································································· 127
6.2.2 誤差分析········································································································· 128
6.2.3 實現方法········································································································· 129
6.3 三點/四點測距······································································································· 130
6.3.1 基本原理········································································································· 131
6.3.2 誤差分析········································································································· 132
6.3.3 實現方法········································································································· 133
6.4 聚焦波束形成定位································································································· 134
6.4.1 基本原理········································································································· 134
6.4.2 理論計算········································································································· 135
6.4.3 實現方法········································································································· 136
6.4.4 高分辨聚焦波束形成方法·················································································· 137
6.4.5 工程套用考慮··································································································· 139
6.5 匹配場處理············································································································ 140
6.5.1 概述················································································································ 140
6.5.2 匹配場處理技術簡介························································································· 141
6.5.3 匹配場處理髮展······························································································· 142
6.5.4 匹配場數據模型······························································································· 143
6.5.5 匹配場處理仿真······························································································· 145
6.5.6 匹配場處理存在問題························································································· 148
6.6 基於波導不變數的被動定位················································································· 148
6.6.1 問題的提出······································································································ 150
6.6.2 干涉現象的產生機理························································································· 151
6.6.3 波導不變數β ···································································································· 153
6.6.4 仿真實驗········································································································· 154
6.6.5 基於波導不變數的快速被動估距技術································································· 156
6.7 多途定位················································································································ 159
6.7.1 多途定位基本原理···························································································· 159
6.7.2 計算機仿真······································································································ 160
6.8 本章小結················································································································ 163
參考文獻························································································································· 163
第7 章 目標運動分析································································································· 165
7.1 引言························································································································ 165
7.2 多基陣聯合的被動純方位目標運動分析······························································ 166
7.2.1 常規單基陣純方位TMA···················································································· 166
7.2.2 雙基陣被動純方位TMA 的數據融合模型···························································· 168
7.2.3 仿真計算········································································································· 171
7.3 利用多維信息的被動目標跟蹤性能研究······························································ 174
7.3.1 基本概念········································································································· 174
7.3.2 方位—頻率TMA 及多陣純方位TMA 的最大似然估計········································· 177
7.3.3 仿真計算········································································································· 180
7.4 本章小結················································································································ 183
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第8 章 空時自適應處理····························································································· 186
8.1 引言························································································································ 186
8.2 混響空時分布特性································································································· 186
8.2.1 主動拖曳線列陣聲納························································································· 187
8.2.2 海試混響空時分布特性····················································································· 188
8.2.3 主動聲納檢測背景分析····················································································· 189
8.3 STAP 原理介紹······································································································ 191
8.3.1 空時數據結構··································································································· 191
8.3.2 全維STAP 處理方法························································································· 194
8.3.3 降維STAP 處理方法························································································· 195
8.4 STAP 數據處理結果驗證······················································································ 201
8.5 STAP 在被動聲納中套用······················································································ 205
8.5.1 空—頻二維自適應處理····················································································· 205
8.5.2 仿真處理········································································································· 206
8.6 本章小結················································································································ 207
參考文獻························································································································· 208
第9 章 新型聲納信號處理技術·················································································· 209
9.1 引言························································································································ 209
9.2 模基信號處理········································································································ 209
9.2.1 卡爾曼濾波技術······························································································· 210
9.2.2 MBSP 在水聲信號處理中的套用方向·································································· 211
9.2.3 模基信號處理小結···························································································· 214
9.3 多輸入多輸出聲納處理························································································· 214
9.3.1 MIMO 聲納原理······························································································· 215
9.3.2 MIMO 聲納數學模型························································································ 215
9.3.3 MIMO 聲納特點······························································································· 217
9.3.4 MIMO 聲納正交波形························································································ 219
9.3.5 MIMO 聲納等效虛擬陣····················································································· 227
9.3.6 MIMO 聲納指向性···························································································· 229
9.3.7 MIMO 聲納波束形成························································································ 233
9.3.8 MIMO 聲納信號處理小結·················································································· 233
9.4 連續波主動聲納處理····························································································· 234
9.4.1 研究現狀········································································································· 235
9.4.2 直達波干擾抑制······························································································· 236
9.4.3 CAS 發射信號·································································································· 237
9.4.4 基於差拍—分數階傅立葉變換的CAS 回波檢測算法············································ 242
9.4.5 小結················································································································ 247
9.5 本章小結················································································································ 247
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