聰加語

語法

時態

聰加語的時態基本上包括現在時、現在進行時、過去時和將來時等；

現在時態是由人稱代詞和動詞一起構成的。

現在時例句：

Ndzi lava mali – I want money.

Hi tirha siku hinkwaro – We work all day.

Mi(u) lava mani? – Who are you looking for?

U kota ku famba – S/He knows how to walk.

而現在進行時，一般來說，指示在目前的一個人正在進行的狀態。

現在進行時例句：

dzi nghena (e)ndlwini – I am entering the house.

Ha tirha sweswi – We are working right now.

Ma hemba – You(pl.) are lying.

Wa hemba – You(sing.) are lying.

Wa hemba – S/He is lying.

而過去時依照所參照的詞有3種不同的形式：

在過去時中，第一種情況，如果謂語動詞結尾有-a，那么在句中，這個詞的字母a要去掉，並且接上-ile這個後綴，如：

Ndzi nghenile ndlwini – I entered the house.

Hi tirhile siku hinkwaro – We worked all day.

U hembile – You lied.

U hembile – S/He lied.

Va hembile – They lied.

過去時中，第二種情況，如果謂語動詞結尾有-ala，在句中，這個詞的去掉-ala，改加--ele或 -ale.，如

ku rivala – to forget

Ndzi rivele – I Forgot, U rivele – you forgot, Va rivele – they forgot

Ku nyamalala – To disappear

U nyamalarile – S/he – disappeared

Words used to describe a state of being also use the past tense.

Ku karhala – To be tired.

Ndzi karhele – I am tired, U karhele – S/He is tired, Va karhele – They are tired.

聰加語	英語
N'we	one
Mbirhi	two
Nharhu	three
Mune	four
Ntlhanu	five
Tsevu	six
Nkombo	seven
Nhungu	eight
Kaye	nine
Khume	ten
Khume (na) n'we / Khumen'we	eleven
Khume (na) mbirhi / Khumembirhi	twelve
Khume (na) nharhu / Khumenharhu	thirteen
Makhume mambirhi / Makumembirhi	twenty
Makhume manharhu / Makumenharhu	thirty
Mune wa makhume / Makumemune	forty
Ntlhanu wa makhume / Makumentlhanu	fifty
Dzana	hundred
Gidi	thousand

Phrase	Xitsonga (Tsonga)
Welcome
Hello (General greeting)	Xewani Avuxeni (sg) Ahee (reply)
Hello(on phone)
How are you?	Kunjhani? (sg) Minjhani? (pl/frm)
Reply to 'How are you?'	Ni kona Ndzi kona Ndzi kona ndza nkhensa
Long time no see
What's your name?	Hi wena mani vito? Hi wena mani vito ra wena? (frm)) U wa ka mani xivongo? (What is your surname?)
My name is ...	Hi mina ... Vito ra mina i...
Where are you from?	U huma kwihi? (sg) Mi huma kwihi? (pl)
I'm from ...	Ndzi huma e ...
Pleased to meet you	Ni tsakele ku ku tiva (sg) Ni tsakele ku mi tiva (pl/frm)
Good morning (Morning greeting)	Avuxeni
Good afternoon (Afternoon greeting)	Inhlikanhi (sg) Indzengha
Good evening (Evening greeting)	Riperile (sg) Imadyambu
Good night	U etlela kahle (sg -sleep well) Mi etlela kahle (pl)
Goodbye (Parting phrases)	Sala kahle (sg -to person staying) Salani kahle (pl/frm -to person staying) Famba kahle (sg -to person leaving) Fambani kahle (pl/frm -to person leaving)
Good luck!	Ndzi ku navelela mikateko
Cheers! Good Health! (Toasts used when drinking)
Have a nice day	U va ni siku lerinene (sg) Mi va ni siku lerinene (pl)
Bon appetit / Have a nice meal
Bon voyage / Have a good journey	Famba hi ku rhula!
I understand	Na swi twisisa
I don't understand	A ni swi twisisi
Yes	Ina
No	E-e
Maybe
I don't know	A ndzi tivi
Please speak more slowly	Vulavula hi ku nonoka u nga hatlisi
Please say that again	Ni kombela u vula sweswo nakambe
Please write it down	Swi tsale ehansi
Do you speak English?	Xana wa xitiva Xinghezi ke?
Do you speakTsonga?	Xana wa xitiva Xitsonga ke?
Yes, a little (reply to 'Do you speak ...?')
Speak to me inTsonga
How do you say ... inTsonga?	Hi Xitsonga u ri yini loko u ku ...?
Excuse me	Ndzi khomeleni
How much is this?	Xana i malimuni? Xi durha malimuni?
Sorry	Ndzi kombela ku khomeriwa
Please	Ndza kombela
Thank you	Ndza nkhensa Ndzi khense ngopfu Inkomu swinene
Reply to thank you	U amukelekile (sg) Mi amukelekile (pl/frm)
Where's the toilet?	Xana xi kumeka kwihi xihambukelo?
This gentleman will pay for everything
This lady will pay for everything
Would you like to dance with me?
I miss you
I love you	Ndza ku rhandza
Get well soon
Go away!
Leave me alone!
Help!	Ndzi pfuneni!
Fire!
Stop!
Call the police!	Vitanani maphorisa!
Christmas and New Year greetings	A ku vi Khisimusi lerinene naswona a ku vi lembe lerintshwa lerinene
Easter greetings
Birthday greetings	Ndzi tlangela siku ro velekiwa
One language is never enough
My hovercraft is full of eels Why this phrase?

聰加語

基本介紹

語法

時態

數詞

日常用語

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