本書以科技語體為對象，將科技與語言相融合，基於語言基礎知識，運用語法（現代漢語為主，英語語法為輔）和有關國家標準、規範，建立了全景式科技語體修辭體系。系統闡述了科技語體的概念、特點、分類，基礎語法、標準規範，以及辭彙、句式、辭格修辭。按邏輯有序展開，結構清晰合理，內容深淺適宜，論述與實例相結合，還輔以大量實例（例句、插圖、表格、式子等），並引用較多名家名言，對語用及表達效果的提高具有戰略啟發性和戰術指導性。全書共分9章，上、下冊，上冊4章，下冊5章，從語用的角度展現了科技語體的全貌。上冊包括：語言基礎知識；科技語體概論；科技語體語法；科技語體標準；下冊包括：科技語體規範；科技語體辭彙修辭、句式修辭、辭格修辭；科技語體語病。內容全面，材料詳實，實例引自語言文字學、名家大家著作，各類科技文獻、文體，同行或相關文章、作品，以及作者長期求知探索的研究創新和心得積累，實用性強，參考價值高
基本介紹
- 書名：科技語體語法、規範與修辭（上、下）
- 作者：梁福軍
- ISBN：9787302422082
- 定價：98
- 出版社：清華大學出版社
- 出版時間：2016.04.01
內容簡介,前言,目錄(上冊),
內容簡介
本書適於科研、技術、科普等領域的科技工作者參考，也適於科技期刊、圖書、網媒、數字出版等的編輯參考，還可作為高等學校教師、學生的論文寫作教材和自學用書，以及科技寫作、編輯的培訓教材和學習材料。可作為對傳統語言學之類著作的一種補充，對從事語言學方面研究、教學、學習的專家、學者和學生也有較大的參考意義。
前言
筆者於2010年完成一個心愿，出版了《科技論文規範寫作與編輯》一書。該書旨在為科技工作者撰寫論文提供一種參考和依據，也是為了填補國內該類文獻的空白。出版後，社會效果良好，其價值得到社會印證，後來又數次重印，銷量達到1萬多冊，2014年還進行了再版。
本書從某種角度看，是一種新的嘗試與探索，毋庸諱言，也有不足之處，尚需進一步完善。
一方面，該書主要圍繞如何撰寫中文科技論文的角度來闡述，儘管含有一些涉及英文表達的相關內容，但總體上，對撰寫英文科技論文的參考性不強，缺少專指性；另一方面，該書名稱的主體定為科技論文，其指導的對象就是科技論文的撰寫，確切地說是學術論文的撰寫，儘管書中有不少內容對科技論文以外的其他科技文體也適用，但還是在一定程度上限制了讀者範圍；況且，科技領域廣闊無邊，科技文體五花八門，其寫作要求也不盡相同。因此從科技整體來說，該書有覆蓋面不夠廣闊的局限性。
針對上述兩個方面的不足，筆者曾嘗試尋找一個解決辦法，甚至進行過具體構思，但一直未能框定一個清晰的思維輪廓，更別提形成具體的方案了。後來，又試圖從文體的角度來解決，但科技文體種類之間的差異又難以把握，很難將其統一起來，一時還是沒有什麼頭緒。之後，筆者索性另闢蹊徑，開始讀一些書，範圍不限於自然科學，更多地包括社會科學，涉及人文、哲學、歷史、宗教以及文學（名家名著）、人物傳記、報告文學等方面。在細水長流的讀書過程中，倒是慢慢地有了一些啟發和思路。
目錄(上冊)
序一·······························································································Ⅰ
序二·······························································································Ⅲ
前言·······························································································Ⅴ
第1章語言基礎知識······································································1
1.1語言·················································································1
1.1.1語言的概念及含義·························································1
1.1.2語言的層面體系····························································2
1.1.3言語········································································5
1.1.3.1言語交際機理··················································5
1.1.3.2言語作品形成過程·············································7
1.1.3.3言語內容和形式··············································10
1.1.4語言的要素·································································12
1.1.5語言的性質·································································14
1.1.6特殊的語言現象···························································18
1.2語音和文字···········································································20
1.2.1語音的概念及含義························································20
1.2.2語音的性質·································································20
1.2.3語言體系的聲音···························································25
1.2.4言語的聲音·································································27
1.2.5漢語常見語流音變························································29
1.2.6文字·········································································33
1.3語義················································································34
1.3.1語義的概念及含義························································34
1.3.2詞義·········································································35
1.3.3句義·········································································36
1.3.3.1句義的結構····················································36
1.3.3.2句義的內容····················································39
1.3.3.3句義的類型····················································40
1.3.3.4句義的義位搭配··············································41
1.3.3.5句義的關係····················································43
1.3.3.6句義的形成····················································45
1.3.4語義的明確與不明確······················································48
1.3.4.1詞義的明確與不明確·······································48
1.3.4.2句義的明確與不明確········································49
1.4辭彙····················································································50
1.4.1辭彙的概念及含義·························································50
1.4.2語言體系辭彙·······························································51
1.4.2.1詞································································51
1.4.2.2固定詞組·······················································54
1.4.3言語辭彙····································································54
1.5語法·············································································55
1.5.1語法的概念及含義·························································55
1.5.2語法的性質·································································56
1.5.3語法的單位·································································57
1.5.4詞法·········································································58
1.5.4.1語法意義和語法範疇·········································58
1.5.4.2語法形式和語法方式········································60
1.5.4.3形態和形態分類··············································61
1.5.5句法·········································································61
1.5.5.1句法結構意義·················································61
1.5.5.2句法結構形式·················································61
1.5.5.3句法結構成分·················································62
1.5.5.4句法結構分析法··············································63
1.5.6篇章法······································································65
1.6邏輯·············································································67
1.6.1言語表達的邏輯性························································67
1.6.2思維基礎····································································67
1.6.3思維規律····································································68
1.6.4思維形式····································································69
1.6.5邏輯的不確定性····························································70
1.7語境···················································································74
1.7.1上下文語境·································································74
1.7.2情景語境····································································75
1.8語體·············································································78
1.8.1語體的概念及含義························································78
1.8.2口語語體····································································78
1.8.3書面語體···································································80
1.8.3.1事務語體·······················································80
1.8.3.2政論語體·······················································82
1.8.3.3文藝語體·······················································83
1.8.3.4科技語體·······················································85
1.8.4交融語體····································································85
1.8.4.1科技文藝語體·················································86
1.8.4.2新聞語體······················································87
1.8.4.3演講語體······················································88
1.8.4.4廣告語體······················································90
1.8.5語體與文體·································································91
1.9修辭···················································································92
1.9.1修辭的概念及含義······················································92
1.9.2修辭的性質································································93
1.9.3修辭現象（方式）···························································95
1.9.3.1內容修辭和形式修辭········································95
1.9.3.2消極修辭和積極修辭·········································96
1.9.3.3語言要素修辭················································100
1.9.3.4辭格修辭和辭趣修辭·······································105
1.9.4修辭的層面······························································107
1.10本章結語···········································································107
第2章科技語體概論··································································109
2.1科技語體的概念····································································109
2.2科技的概念及分類·································································109
2.2.1科學的概念及含義·······················································109
2.2.2技術的概念及含義·······················································110
2.2.3科學和技術的關係························································111
2.2.4科學的分類································································112
2.2.4.1自然科學······················································112
2.2.4.2社會科學······················································114
2.2.4.3思維科學······················································115
2.2.4.4人體科學······················································115
2.2.4.5邊緣科學······················································116
2.2.4.6哲學···························································116
2.2.4.7科學學························································117
2.2.5科技分類體系·····························································118
2.3科技語體的表達方式·······························································118
2.3.1記敘········································································118
2.3.2描寫········································································121
2.3.3說明········································································124
2.3.4議論········································································127
2.3.5抒情········································································130
2.4科技語體的分類····································································131
2.4.1按學科門類分類··························································132
2.4.2按表達方式分類··························································133
2.4.2.1記敘體························································134
2.4.2.2說明體························································135
2.4.2.3評論體························································137
2.4.2.4學術體························································140
2.4.2.5綜合體························································144
2.4.3按言語境界分類··························································145
2.4.3.1記述體························································145
2.4.3.2表現體························································146
2.4.3.3糅合體························································147
2.4.4按表述專業性分類·······················································148
2.4.4.1專門體························································148
2.4.4.2通俗體························································149
2.4.5按文體類別分類··························································149
2.4.5.1論著體························································150
2.4.5.2報告體························································152
2.4.5.3問答體························································154
2.4.5.4辭書體························································156
2.4.6與科技相關的非科技語體···············································158
2.5學術體的特點·······································································158
2.5.1用詞特點·································································158
2.5.2語法特點·································································167
2.5.3超語言特點······························································172
2.6科技語體修辭特點·································································174
2.7本章結語············································································175
第3章科技語體語法··································································176
3.1現代漢語語法的特點······························································176
3.2語素··················································································178
3.3詞·····················································································178
3.3.1詞和詞類··································································178
3.3.2實詞········································································179
3.3.3虛詞········································································188
3.3.4詞的兼類··································································191
3.3.5體詞和謂詞·······························································192
3.4詞組··················································································192
3.4.1詞組概說··································································192
3.4.2詞組的分類································································192
3.5句子··················································································195
3.5.1句子的概念·······························································195
3.5.2句子成分的劃分·························································195
3.5.3句子的結構分類·························································195
3.5.4句子的語氣分類·························································196
3.6單句··············································································196
3.6.1主語和謂語·······························································196
3.6.2賓語和補語·······························································198
3.6.3定語和狀語·······························································200
3.6.4特殊成分··································································204
3.7複句··············································································205
3.7.1複句概述·································································205
3.7.2複句的類型······························································206
3.7.3多重複句·································································209
3.7.4緊縮複句·································································211
3.8句群··············································································212
3.8.1句群概述·································································212
3.8.2句群的類型······························································213
3.8.3句群與複句、段落的聯繫和區別······································215
3.9英文語法一般原則································································215
3.10本章結語··········································································228
第4章科技語體標準··································································229
4.1標點符號············································································229
4.1.1標點符號的分類及功能·················································229
4.1.2標點符號的基本用法···················································229
4.1.3標點符號用法的補充規則··············································240
4.1.4標點符號若干用法的說明··············································243
4.1.5標點符號新舊標準差異說明···········································247
4.1.6標點符號的活用·························································248
4.2數字·················································································249
4.2.1數字規範使用的依據···················································249
4.2.2數字形式的選用·························································250
4.2.3數字形式的使用·························································252
4.2.4羅馬數字的使用·························································256
4.3量和單位············································································256
4.3.1物理量····································································257
4.3.1.1量的概念····················································257
4.3.1.2量制·························································258
4.3.1.3量的單位和數值···········································258
4.3.1.4量的方程式·················································259
4.3.1.5量的量綱····················································259
4.3.1.6量綱一的量·················································260
4.3.1.7量名稱和符號··············································260
4.3.1.8量名稱中所用術語的規則································264
4.3.2計量單位·································································265
4.3.2.1單位的概念················································266
4.3.2.2單位制······················································266
4.3.2.3國際單位制················································267
4.3.2.4我國法定計量單位········································267
4.3.2.5單位一······················································271
4.3.2.6單位名稱和符號···········································271
4.3.3量和單位的規範使用···················································272
4.3.3.1量及其符號················································272
4.3.3.2單位名稱及其中文符號···································276
4.3.3.3單位國際符號··············································278
4.3.3.4詞頭·························································281
4.3.3.5法定單位···················································282
4.3.3.6量綱匹配···················································284
4.3.3.7行文統一···················································284
4.3.4量和單位使用常見問題················································284
4.3.5常用領域量和單位使用注意事項·····································286
4.3.6貫徹執行國家標準······················································288
4.4引文·················································································290
4.4.1著錄原則·································································290
4.4.2標註方法·································································290
4.4.3著錄項目和格式························································293
4.4.4類型標誌·································································299
4.4.5規範著錄細則···························································300
4.5本章結語············································································302
