內容簡介
在英美法學中,法理學與法律哲學意旨相同,均是就法律現象的基本問題提出疑問並試圖加以解答的理論努力。
法理學根源於人類生活對秩序的基本需求,濫觴於人類對正義問題的哲學探索。概因人們文化傳統、經濟條件、政治地位、社會心理等諸多因素的各不相同,對正義和秩序等問題的認識也就千差萬別,甚至大相逕庭。伴隨著認識的差別,各類法理學的觀點、理論和著述也便應運而生。
法理學之與法律學習和法學研究,恰如地基之與大廈、靈魂之與身體,重要性自不待言。它可以使我們擺脫關於法律現象的種種偏見,包括由常識、時代和民族的習見以及主觀上未經深思熟慮而滋長的自信所形成的偏見。它還可以使我們避免部門法人為劃分的狹隘限制,繼而形成對法律世界的全面關照,為思想和行動開啟廣闊的空間。
當代中國,經濟、社會和文化都處在急劇變化的歷史時期,法律結構也面臨巨大的調整。如何在國內外紛繁複雜的條件下,重新調整中國的法律、社會結構,成為當下中國律和法學界的首要問題。他山之石,可以攻玉。全面充分地了解外國的、特別是西方國家的法律思想無疑是我們
做出正確選擇的一個必要條件。
呈現在讀者諸君面前的,是一本內容全面、深入淺出、在英語世界極受歡迎的法理學入門讀物。全書內容分為三大部分:一部分,形上學認識論中的法律理論。介紹和評論宗教和神啟的法律理論、自然法理論。第二部分,唯心主義認識論中的法律理論。介紹和評論康德、黑格爾、施塔姆勒、威奇奧的法律思想。第三部分,經驗主義認識論中的法律理論。介紹和評論實證主義法律理論、歷史主義法律理論、社會學法律理論、心理學法律理論、美國現實主義法律理論、斯堪的納維亞現實主義法律理論、現象學法律理論和批判法學運動。
本書第十四章表現作者的基本觀點,並且曾掀起過—場稱之為“法律多中心性”的新法理學運動。
作者簡介
瑟亞·P·辛哈,美國當代法理學家,美國派斯大學法學院榮譽退休教授,哥倫比亞大學和平問題思想庫重要成員,著述頗豐,廣泛涉及法理學、國際法、侵權法、比較法、法律經濟學和法律教育等領域。其著作在當今世界享有較高聲譽並且被國際法院在正式檔案中引用。
圖書目錄
OUTLINE
Chapter1.Introduction
Chapter2.PreparationfortheStudyofTheoriesofLaw
A.Non-universalityofLaw
1.TheWesternCivilization
2.TheChineseCivilization
3.TheIndianCivilization
4.TheJapaneseCivilization
5.TheAfricanCivilizations
B.IrreconcilableEpistemologiesinTheoriesAboutLaw
C.IdeologicalIncipienceinTheoriesofLaw
PARTI.THEORIESOFLAWINMETAPHYSICAL-RATIONAL
EPISTEMOLOGY
Chapter3.DivineandPropheticTheoriesofLaw
Theories
Criticisms
Chapter4.NaturalLawTheories
A.EarlyTheoriesofNaturalLaw
Theories
A.EarlyTheoriesofNaturalLawContinued
1.NaturalLawasLawofVirtue
A.Dharma(India,VedicPeriod:1500 B. C.500 B. C.)
B.Lao-Tsze(China, B.604 B. C.)
C.Confucius(China,550or551 B. C.478 B. C.)
2.NaturalLawasJusticebyNature
3.NaturalLawasLawofRightReason
4.NaturalLawasLawofGod
Criticisms
B.ModernTheoriesofNaturalLaw
Theories
1.NaturalLawasObjectivelyGivenValue:Francois
Gény(1861-1944)
2.NaturalLawasMorals:JeanDabin( B.1889)
3.NaturalLawasDeontology: A.ED’Entreves
(1902-1985)
4.NaturalLawasRelatedtoSociology:PhilipSelznick
( B.1919)
5.NaturalLawasBasedonAnthropology:MargaretMead
(19011978);and
MayEdel(19091964)andAbrahamEdel( B.1908)
6.NaturalLawasEthicalJurisprudence:MorrisRaphael
Cohen(1880-1947)
B.ModernTheoriesofNaturalLaw-Continued
7.NaturalLawastheInnerMoralityofLaw:LonL.
Fuller(1902-1978)
Criticisms
PARTII.THEORIESOFLAWINIDEALISTEPISTEMOLOGY
Chapter5.IdealistTheoriesofLaw
Theories
1.LawasHarmonizingVoluntaryActions:ImmanuelKant
(1724-1804)
2.LawastheIdeaofFreedom:GeorgWilhelmFriedrich
Hegel(1770-1831)
3.LawastheAdjustmentofPurposes:RudolphStammler
(1856-1938)
4.LawasthePrincipleofLegalEvolution:GeorgioDel
Vecchio(1878-1970)
Criticisms
1.Kant
2.Hegel
3.Stammler
4.DelVecchio
PARTⅢ.THEORIESOFLAWINEMPIRICISTEPISTEMOLOGY
Chapter6.PositivistTheoriesofLaw
A.EarlyPositivistTheoriesofLaw
Theories
1.Kautilya(India,FourthCentury B. C.)
2.Shanglang(China,?-338 B. C.)
3.ShuenTao(China,ContemporaryofShanglang)
4.HanFeiTzu(China280?-233 B. C.)Criticisms
B.LaterPositivistTheoriesofLaw
Theories
1.TheCommandTheoryofLawofthe Utilitarians:
Jeremy
Bentham(1748-1832),JohnStuartMill(1806-1873),
JohnAustin(1790-1859)
2.TheNormativeTheoryofLaw:HansKelson(1881-1973)
3.TheRuleTheoryofLaw:H.L. A.Hart( B.1907)
Criticisms
1.Bentham
2.Austin
3.Kelsen
B.LaterPositivistTheoriesofLaw-Continued
4.Hart
Chapter7.HistoricalTheoriesofLaw
Theories
1.LawasaManifestationoftheSpiritofthePeople
inHistory:
FriedrichKarlvonSavigny(1719-1861)
2.LawastheDevelopmentinHistoryofPersonal
ConditionsFrom
StatustoContract:SirHenrySumnerMaine
(1822-1888)
3.LawasanAuxiliaryinaStageofEconomic
Determinism:Karl
Marx(1818-1883)andFriedrichEngels(1820-1895)
Criticisms
1.Savigny
2.Maine
3.MarxandEngels
Chapter8.SociologicalTheoriesofLaw
Theories
A.LawinSociologicalAspects
1.LawintheSocialPurpose:RudolfvonIhering
(1818-1892)
2.LawintheInnerOrderofHumanAssociations:Eugen
Ehrlich(1862-1922)
A.LawinSociologicalAspects-Continued
3.LawintheObjectiveConditionsofSocial
Solidarity:LeonDuguit(1859-1928)
B.JurisprudenceofInterests:PhilipHeck(18581943)and
RoscoePound(1870-1964)
C.FreeLaw:EugenEhrlich(18621922)andHermannU.
Kantorowicz(18771940)
Criticisms
1.Ihering
2.Ehrlich
3.Duguit
4.JurisprudenceofInterests
5.FreeLaw
Chapter9.PsychologicalTheoryofLaw
Theory
Criticisms
Chapter10.AmericanRealistTheoriesTheories
A.PhilosophicalFrameworkofAmericanRealism:John
Dewey(1859-1952)and
WilliamJames(1842-1910)
B.ExpressionsofAmericanRealism
1.LawasRulesofConductLaidDownbyJudges:John
ChipmanGray(1839-1915)
B.ExpressionsofAmericanRealism-Continued
2.LawasProphecyofWhattheCourts
WillDo:OliverWendellHolmes,Jr.(1841-1935)
3.LawasWhatCertainOfficialsDoAboutDisputes;
Karl
N.Llewellyn(1893-1962)
4.LawasGeneralizationofPotentialLegalEffectand
ConsiderationsWeighedbyCourtsintheDecisionof
Cases:JosephW.Bingham( B.1878)
5.LawFromaPsychoanalyticalPointofView:Jerome
Frank(1889-1957)
Criticisms
Chapter1 1.ScandinavianRealistTheoriesofLaw
Theories
1.LawasConativeImpulse:AxelHagerstrom(1869-1939)
2.LawasIndependentImperatives:KarlOlivecrona(B.1897)
3.LawDeterminedbySocialWelfare:VilhelmLundstedt
(1882-1955)
4.LawasaSchemeofInterpretationforaSetof
SocialFacts
ThatConstitutetheCounterpartofLegalNorms:Alf
Ross( B.1899)
Criticisms
Chapter12.PhenomenologicalTheoriesofLaw
Theories
1.NatureofThingApproach
2.ValuePhilosophyApproach
3.PositivistandExistentialistApproaches
Criticisms
Chapter13.TheCriticalLegalStudiesMovementandIts
Offshoots
A.CriticalLegalStudies
PhilosophicalMoorings
Criticisms
B.FeministJurisprudence
1.CommonThemes
2.VariousSchools
3.Methodology
C.CriticalRaceTheory
Chapter14.LegalPolycentricity
Chapter16.Conclusion:OnDefiningLaw
INDEX