油條傘座孢

編號	AMS-81-23
拉丁菌名	Agaricodochium camelliae Liu, Wei et Fan, sp. nov.
中文菌名	油條傘座孢
定名人	劉錫[王+進] // 魏安靖樊尚仁
Nomencla	Liu Xijin / Wei Anjing and Fan Shangren
發表文章	油茶軟腐病病原菌的研究
Article	Studies on the Pathogenic Fungus of the Soft-Rot of Tea-Oil Trees
作者	劉錫[王+進] 李惠中 // 魏安靖樊尚仁楊萬安周水林
Author	Liu Xijin and Li Huizhong / Wei Anjing, Fan Shangren, Yang Wan'an and Zhou Shuilin
作者單位	中國科學院微生物研究所真菌地衣系統學實驗室, 北京 100080 // 浙江常山縣油茶研究所, 浙江常山
摘要	油茶軟腐病於五十年代末在我國一些油茶栽培地區陸續發現, 但迄今病原菌尚未肯定. 本文著重報導病原菌的鑑定和分類. 為給鑑定病原菌提供資料起見,試驗中分別進行了人工接種, 結果實驗室內的葉片和枝梢水槽濺水二項保濕措施卻只產生與大田病株相同的病斑而極少在病斑表面形成"蘑菇"型分生孢子座,只有實驗室外的三項處理, 即使用病組織分離獲得的培養物接種, 也獲得52.2-100%形成“蘑菇”型分生孢子座的病葉率. 從而證實了油茶軟腐病病斑及其表面上的“蘑菇”型構制是同一種菌所產生, 並證實了“蘑菇”型構制是病原菌的子實體. 再從大田葉斑表面形成 (乃至人工誘發)的黑頂的和未黑頂的"蘑菇"型的分生孢子座的切片看出, 黑頂的頂面全部為瓶梗和瓶梗孢子鏈所覆蓋, 而未黑頂的則展示出是由極緊密的分生孢子梗從其柄部頂端向邊緣輻射生長組成.這就清楚表明, 這種"蘑菇 "型構制是病原菌的分生孢子座, 從而為鑑定提供較為完整的資料. 研究中也將本菌與兩近似屬 Nalanthamala 和 Agyriella 進行了比較, 可是發現這兩個屬的任何一個也不能安置油茶軟腐病病原菌. 因而我們以油條傘座孢 Agaricodochium camelliae Liu, Wei et Fan, sp. nov. 為模式種而成立一新屬 --- 傘座孢屬 Agaricodochium Liu, gen. nov.
Abstract	A soft-rot disease of tea-oil trees was found in succession in some plantations in China in the late 1950's, but so far the causal fungus has not been identified.This paper deals with the identification and classification, as well as the symptomatology, host-range, cultural characterstics,pathogenicity and formation of the 'agariclike' structures (i.e. sporodo-chia) of the pathogeinc fungus. The eausal fungus was isolated from sporodochia or diseased tissues. No difference in cultural charaters of the isolates from both sources was observed.Inocula including: bits of mycelia from pure culture isolated from diseased tissues and single sporodochia on the leves of the teaoil treesfrom the field, were artificially inoculated to the leaves of these plants in moist chambor, to leafy branches in water culture and to plantsgrowing in diseasefree region. Results of these inoculations showed that all symptoms caused by these two different kinds of inocula were similar, also that similarleaf spots appeared on leaves either inoculated in the laboratory or inoculated in the open field. However, in the first treatment only alow percentage (10.3%) of leaves forming sporodochia on leaf-spots could be found. Higher percentages might be obtained by: (1) placing the inoculated branches in an open large glass chamber and sprayed with water at intervals to maintain a dry and moist condition alternately. (2) placing the leafy branches into a thick growth of grasses under the forestry which was free of tea-oil trees 24-48 hrs. after leaf-spots appeared on these branches inoculated in the laboratory. (3) inoculating the leaves of tea-oil trees in disease-free region directly. 52.2-100% of leaves formed sporodochia on their leaf spots,even if bits of mycelia from cultures isolated from diseased tissues were used as inoculum. It proved that all leaf-spots, spordochiaforming or non-sporodochia-forming,were caused by the same causal fungus. In the meantime, it was also proved that the 'agaric-like' structures, i.e. sporodochia were fruit bodies of the fungus. Sections from obth spore-forming(naturally developed or artificially induced) 'black' and non-spore-forming 'white' sporodochia were made. It was observed that the entireupper surface of the former was covered with phialides together with phialospores, and the latter was composed of densely compacted conidiophores growing radiantlyfrom the apex of the stem of the 'agaric-like' structures and it wa sclearly indicated that they were sporodochia of the pathogenic fungus. In attempts to identify the pathogen, the present authors have compared this fungus with the two allied genera, Nalanthamala and Agyriella. Therewas no evidence, however, that would warrant the placing of this fungus in either of these two genera. Therefore, we base on the causal organism of the soft-rotdisease of tea-oil trees, Agaricodochium camelliae Liu, Wei et Fan sp. nov. as a type species to found a new genus, Agaricodochium Liu gen. nov.The type specimen is deposited in the Mycological Herbarium of the Institute of Microbiology, Academia Sinica, Beijing.
關鍵字	傘座孢屬, 油條傘座孢, 油茶軟腐病
Key
期刊	微生物學報 21(2):154-163, 1981
Publication	Acta Microbiologica Sinica (Chinese; English Abstract), 21(2):pp.154-163, 1981
分享省市	浙江省常山縣
Place	Changshan County, Zhejiang Province, Chi
採集地	油茶研究所內油茶林中帶有近褐色至褐色病斑壞死的油茶樹葉
Environment	The organism isolated on the leves of tea-oil trees with near brown to brown ill spot, it collected from the tea-oil trees plantation of Institute of Tea-Oil Trees, Changshan , Zhejiang Province, China
海撥高度
生態環境	中亞熱帶季風氣候油茶種植園
寄主	油茶的葉片
Habitat	middle-subtropical mensoon climate tea-oil trees plantation
Host	on the leves of tea-oil trees
採集人	劉錫[王+進] 廖銀璋
Isolation Person	Liu Xijin and Liao Yinzhang
採集時間
保存單位	中國科學院微生物研究所真菌標本室, 北京 100080
Preservation Unit	Mycological Herbarium, Institute of Microbiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
描述
等模式
Speciman No.	HMAS 40324
全文	全文
Note	The species is a important fungi's ill pathogen of tea-oil trees. The plant is a important oil crop at Jiangxi, Zhenjiang, Yunnan, Hunan, Anhui, Guangxi, Fujian, Shaanxi provinces.The seeds extract oil to use food or industry. The residue may used as fertilizer or to make washing product, also kill insect in rice field.
備註	該菌是油茶軟腐病的病原菌, 是我國江西, 浙江, 雲南, 湖南, 安徽, 廣西, 福建, 陝西等地油茶產區的重要病害. 油茶是我國中部地區重要油料作物,榨出的油可供食用和工業用, 剩餘的殘渣可作肥料或用於洗滌產品, 也可用於殺稻田害蟲.

油條傘座孢

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