標準溶液，指的是具有準確已知濃度的試劑溶液，在滴定分析中常用滴定劑。在其他的分析方法中用標準溶液繪製工作曲線或作計算標準。
基本介紹
配製方法,濃度表示方法,研製單位,
配製方法
配製方法有兩種，一種是直接法，即準確稱量一定量的基準物質，用適當溶劑溶解後定容至容量瓶里。如果試劑符合基準物質的要求 (組成與化學式相符、純度高、穩定)，可以直接配製標準溶液，即準確稱出適量的基準物質，溶解後配製在一定體積的容量瓶內。可由下式計算應稱取的基準物質的重量W：W=ΜV·基準物質的摩爾質量。式中Μ和V分別為所需配製的溶液的摩爾濃度和體積。利用上式可計算出標準溶液的濃度。；另一種是標定法，很多物質不符合基準物質的條件，不適合直接配製標準溶液。即先配製成近似需要的濃度，再用基準物質或用已經被基準物質標定過的標準溶液來進行確定準確濃度。
濃度表示方法
1.物質的量濃度
滴定分析中表示標準溶液的濃度用物質的量濃度，簡稱濃度，是指單位體積標準溶液中所含溶質B的物質的量，以符號
表示 。即
。
本式中，B代表溶質的化學式；
為溶質B的物質的量；
是溶質B的摩爾質量。
2.滴定度
在常規分析中，由於測定對象比較固定，常使用同一標準溶液測定同種物質，因此還使用滴定度表示標準溶液的濃度，簡化計算。滴定度是每毫升標準溶液相當於被測物質的質量，以符號
表示，其下標T,B分別表示標準溶液中的溶質，被測物質的化學式。=
研製單位
標準溶液有進口標準溶液和國內標準溶液之分，國內的標準溶液有鋼鐵研究總院（北京納克分析儀器有限公司），國家標物中心；國外進口的有美國標準局（NIST）和美國加聯等單位。 其中以美國標準局（NIST）的標準溶液權威性最高，國內標準溶液應與之進行比對溯源後，方可使用
國內無機元素標準溶液一覽表
編號 | 元素符號 | 濃度 | 規格 | 介質 |
GSBG62001-90 | 鋰Li | 1000ppm | 50mL | 10%HCl |
GSBG62002-90 | 鈹Be | 1000ppm | 50mL | 10%HNO3 |
GSBG62003-90 | 硼B | 1000ppm | 50mL | H2O |
GSBG62004-90 | 鈉Na | 1000ppm | 50mL | H2O |
GSBG62005-90 | 鎂Mg | 1000ppm | 50mL | 5%HCl |
GSBG62006-90 | 鋁Al | 1000ppm | 50mL | 10%HCl |
GSBG62007-90 | 矽Si | 500ppm | 50mL | 1%Na2CO3 |
GSBG62008-90 | 磷P | 1000ppm | 50mL | H2O |
GSBG62009-90 | 磷P | 1000ppm | 50mL | H2O |
GSBG62010-90 | 硫S | 1000ppm | 50mL | H2O |
GSBG62011-90 | 鉀K | 1000ppm | 50mL | H2O |
GSBG62012-90 | 鈣Ca | 1000ppm | 50mL | 5%HCl |
GSBG62013-90 | 鈧Sc | 1000ppm | 50mL | 10%HNO3 |
GSBG62014-90 | 鈦Ti | 1000ppm | 50mL | 10%H2SO4 |
GSBG62015-90 | 釩V | 1000ppm | 50mL | 10%H2SO4 |
GSBG62016-90 | 釩V | 1000ppm | 50mL | 10%HCl |
GSBG62017-90 | 鉻Cr | 1000ppm | 50mL | 10%HCl |
GSBG62018-90 | 錳Mn | 1000ppm | 50mL | 5%H2SO4 |
GSBG62019-90 | 錳Mn | 1000ppm | 50mL | 10%HNO3 |
GSBG62020-90 | 鐵Fe | 1000ppm | 50mL | 10%HCl |
GSBG62021-90 | 鈷Co | 1000ppm | 50mL | 5%HNO3 |
GSBG62022-90 | 鎳Ni | 1000ppm | 50mL | 5%HNO3 |
GSBG62023-90 | 銅Cu | 1000ppm | 50mL | 5%H2SO4 |
GSBG62024-90 | 銅Cu | 1000ppm | 50mL | 10%HCl |
GSBG62025-90 | 鋅Zn | 1000ppm | 50mL | 10%HCl |
WELL-GROUP混標
美國加聯提供單標和混標標準溶液，介質都是水質、硝酸、鹽酸等
Element元素 | Source, Purity, Matrix | Cat. No.編號 |
Aluminum(鋁) | Al metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3 Al metal, 99.999%, 2% HCl | WPS-10001-1 WPS-10001-2 |
Antimony(銻) | Sb metal, 99.999%, 10%HCl Sb metal, 99.999%, 5% HNO3+Trace HF | WPS-10002-2 WPS-10002-3 |
Arsenic(砷) | As metal, 99.999%,2% HNO3 As metal, 99.999%, 2% HCl As2O3 as As,99.999%, 2%HCL As metal as As,99.999%, 2%NaOH | WPS-10003-1 WPS-10003-2 WPS-10003-6 WPS-10003-7 |
Barium(鋇) | BaCO3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 BaCO3, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-10004-1 WPS-10004-2 |
Beryllium(鈹) | Be metal, 99.5%, 2%HNO3 Be metal 99.5%, 2%HCl | WPS-10005-1 WPS-10005-2 |
Bismuth(鉍) | Bi metal, 99.999%, 2%HNO3 Bi metal, 99.999%, 2%HCl | WPS-10006-1 WPS-10006-2 |
Boron(硼) | H3BO3, 99.99%, H2O | WPS-10007-4 |
Cadmium(鎘) | Cd metal, 99.999%, 2%HNO3 Cd metal, 99.999%, 2%HCl | WPS-10008-1 WPS-10008-2 |
Calcium(鈣) | CaCO3, 99.99+%, 2% HNO3 CaCO3, 99.99+%, 2% HCl | WPS-10009-1 WPS-10009-2 |
Carbon(碳) | Na2C2O4, 99.9+%, H2O | WPS-100071-4 |
Cerium(鈰) | CeO2, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 CeO2, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100010-1 WPS-100010-2 |
Cesium(鍶) | Cs2CO3, 99.99%, 1% HNO3 Cs2CO3, 99.99%, 1% HCl | WPS-100011-1 WPS-100011-2 |
Chromium(鉻) | Cr metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3 Cr metal, 99.999%, 2% HCl Cr metal as Cr+3,99.999%, 2%HCl K2Cr2o as Cr,99.998%, H2O | WPS-100012-1 WPS-100012-2 WPS-100012-6 WPS-100012-7 |
Cobalt(鈷) | Co metal, 99.998%, 2% HNO3 Co metal, 99.998%, 2%HCl | WPS-100013-1 WPS-100013-2 |
Copper(銅) | Cu metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3 Cu metal, 99.999%, 2%HCl | WPS-100014-1 WPS-100014-2 |
Dysprosium(鏑) | Dy2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 Dy2O3, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100015-1 WPS-100015-2 |
Erbium(鉺) | Er2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 Er2O3, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100016-1 WPS-100016-2 |
Europium(銪) | Eu2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 Eu2O3, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100017-1 WPS-100017-2 |
Gadolinium(釓) | Gd2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 Gd2O3, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100018-1 WPS-100018-2 |
Gallium(鎵) | Ga metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3 Ga metal, 99.999%, 2% HCl | WPS-100019-1 WPS-100019-2 |
Germanium(鍺) | (NH4)2 GeF5, 99.99%, 1% HNO3 Ge metal, 99.999%, 5% Oxalic Acid | WPS-100020-1 WPS-100020-5 |
Gold(金) | Au metal, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100021-2 |
Hafnium(鉿) | Hf metal, 99.9%, 2% HNO3 +0.5%HF | WPS-100022-3 |
Holmium(鈥) | Ho2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 Ho2O3, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100023-1 WPS-100023-2 |
Indium(銦) | In metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3 In metal, 99.999%, 2% HCl | WPS-100024-1 WPS-100024-2 |
Iridium(銥) | (NH4) 3IrCl6, 99.998%,10%HCl,100mL | WPS-100025-2 |
Iron(鐵) | Fe metal, 99.999,2% HNO3 Fe metal, 99.999,2% HCl | WPS-100026-1 WPS-100026-2 |
Lanthanum(鑭) | La2O3, 99.999%, 2% HNO3 La2O3, 99.999%, 2% HCl | WPS-100027-1 WPS-100027-2 |
Lead(鉛) | Pb metal, 99.995%, 2% HNO3 Pb metal, 99.995%, 2% HCl | WPS-100028-1 WPS-100028-2 |
Lithium(鋰) | Li2CO3, 99.995%, 2% HNO3 LiCl, 99.999%, 1% HCl Li2CO3, 99.5%, 1% HNO3 | WPS-100029-1 WPS-100029-2 WPS-100029-6l |
Lutetium(鑥) | Lu2O3.99.99%, 2% HNO3 Lu2O3.99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100030-1 WPS-100030-2 |
Magnesium(鎂) | Mg metal.99.99%, 2% HNO3 Mg metal.99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100031-1 WPS-100031-2 |
Manganese(錳) | Mn metal, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 Mn metal, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100032-1 WPS-100032-2 |
Mercury(汞) | Hg metal, 99.998%, 2% HNO3 | WPS-100033-1 |
Molybdenum(鉬) | Mo metal, 99.999%, 2%HCl Mo metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3+HF (NH4) 2 MoO4, 99.999%, H2O | WPS-100034-2 WPS-100034-3 WPS-100034-4 |
Neodymium(釹) | Nd2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 Nd2O3, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100035-1 WPS-100035-2 |
Nickel(鎳) | Ni metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3 Ni metal, 99.999%, 2% HCl | WPS-100036-1 WPS-100036-2 |
Niobium(鈮) | Nb metal, 99.99%, 2% HNO3+0.5%HF | WPS-100037-3 |
Osmium(鋨) | (NH4) 2 OsCl6, 99.996%, 10%HCl, 100mL | WPS-100070-2 |
Palladium(鈀) | Pd metal, 99.99%, 5% HNO3 Pd metal, 99.99%, 5% HCl | WPS-100038-1 WPS-100038-2 |
Phosphorus(磷) | (NH4) H2PO4, 99.95%, 0.05%, HNO3 | WPS-100039-1 |
Platinum(鉑) | Pt metal, 99.99%, 5%HCl | WPS-100040-2 |
Potassium(鉀) | KNO3, 99.999%, 1% HNO3 KCl, 99.99%, 1%HCl | WPS-100041-1 WPS-100041-2 |
Praseodymium(鐠) | Pr6O11, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 Pr6O11, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100042-1 WPS-100042-2 |
Rhenium(錸) | Re metal, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 Re metal, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100043-1 WPS-100043-2 |
Rhodium(銠) | (NH4) 3 RhCl6, 99.99%, 10%HCl,100mL | WPS-100044-2 |
Rubidium(銣) | RbNO3, 99.95%, 2% HNO3 RbCl, 99.95%, 2%HCl | WPS-100045-1 WPS-100045-2 |
Ruthenium(釕) | (NH4) 2RuCl6, 99.99%, 10%HCl,100mL | WPS-100046-2 |
Samarium(釤) | Sm2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 Sm2O3, 99.99%,2% HCl | WPS-100047-1 WPS-100047-2 |
Scandium(鈧) | Sc2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 Sc2O3, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100048-1 WPS-100048-2 |
Selenium(硒) | Se metal, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 Se metal, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100049-1 WPS-100049-2 |
Silicon(矽) | Na2SiO3, 99.99%, H2O (NH4) 2SiF6, 99.99%H2O | WPS-100050-4 WPS-100050-4F |
Silver(銀) | Ag metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3 | WPS-100051-1 |
Sodium(鈉) | NaNO3, 99.99%, 1% HNO3 NaCl, 99.98%, 1%HCl | WPS-100052-1 WPS-100052-2 |
Strontium | SrCO3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 SrCO3, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100053-1 WPS-100053-2 |
Sulfur(硫) | H2SO4, 99.999%, H2O | WPS-100054-5 |
Tantalum(鉭) | Ta metal, 99.99%, 2% HNO3+0.5%HF | WPS-100055-3 |
Tellurium(碲) | Te metal, 99.99%, 2%HCl Te metal, 99.99%, 2% HNO3+0.2%HF | WPS-100056-2 WPS-100056-3 |
Terbium(鋱) | Tb4O7, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 Tb4O7, 99.99%,2% HCl | WPS-100057-1 WPS-100057-2 |
Thallium(鉈) | Ti metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3 | WPS-100058-1 |
Thorium(釷) | ThO2, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 ThO2, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100059-1 WPS-100059-2 |
Thulium(銩) | Tm2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 Tm2O3, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100060-1 WPS-100060-2 |
Tin(錫) | Sn metal, 99.998%, 20%HCl Sn metal, 99.998%, 2% HNO3+0.5%HF | WPS-100061-2 WPS-100061-3 |
Titanium(鈦) | Ti metal, 99.99%, 20%HCl Ti metal, 99.99%, 2% HNO3+0.1%HF | WPS-100062-2 WPS-100062-3 |
Tungsten(鎢) | W metal, 99.99%, 5% HNO3+0.5%HF | WPS-100063-3 |
Uranium | U3O8, 99.968%, 2% HNO3 | WPS-100064-1 |
Vanadium(釩) | NH2VO3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 NH4VO3, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100065-1 WPS-100065-2 |
Ytterbium(鐿) | Yb2O3, 99.99,2% HNO3 Yb2O3, 99.99,2% HCl | WPS-100066-1 WPS-100066-2 |
Yttrium(釔) | Y2O3, 99.99,2% HNO3 Y2O3, 99.99,2% HCl | WPS-100067-1 WPS-100067-2 |
Zinc(鋅) | Zn metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3 Zn metal, 99.999%, 2% HCl | WPS-100068-1 WPS-100068-2 |
Zirconium(鋯) | Zr metal, 99.84%, 2% HNO3+0.5%HF | WPS-100069-3 |
