目錄 Detailed Contents 前言............................................................................................................................ i 使用本書.................................................................................................................. iii Chapter 1 托福寫作介紹 TOEFL WRITING INTRODUCTION 1 寫作部分簡介Essay Organization Introduction 3 綜合寫作簡介Integrated Writing Task Introduction 4 綜合寫作技巧Integrated Writing Skills 7 獨立寫作簡介Essay Organization Introduction 9 獨立寫作題目總結Independent Writing Task Summary 10 Chapter 2 文章結構 ESSAY ORGANIZATION 19 文章結構介紹Essay Organization Introduction 21 文章開頭Opening Paragraph 22 正文結構Body Paragraphs 25 結尾段落Concluding Paragraph 27 Chapter 3 文章發展 ESSAY DEVELOPMENT 29 文章發展介紹Essay Development Introduction 31 因果展開Cause and Effect 32 舉例子Giving Examples 36 對比與比較Contrast and Comparison 38 下定義Giving Definition 41 陳述觀點Presenting Viewpoints 42 常用過渡語Transitional Words and Phrases 46 Chapter 4 句子構建 SENTENCE CONSTRUCTION 49 基本句型Basic Sentence Types 51 懸掛修飾Dangling Modifier 55 平行結構Parallel Sentence Structure 57 插入語Sentence Interrupter 59 改變句子開頭Varying Sentence Openings 60 句子簡潔性Writing Concise Sentences 64 句子強調Using Emphatic Pattern 69 改寫原文Paraphrase 70 Chapter 5 措辭與語法 WORDING AND GRAMMAR 73 避免非正式用語Avoiding Informal Words 75 避免主觀用語Avoiding Personal Language 78 避免用詞重複Avoiding Repeating Words 81 避免絕對用語Avoiding Absolute Words 84 避免性別歧視Avoiding Sexist Language 86 避免歧視殘障人士Avoiding Offending People with Disabilities 88 主謂一致Subject-Verb Agreement 89 非謂語動詞Non-verb 93 單詞拼寫Common Spelling Errors 99 單詞首字母大寫Capitalization 107 Chapter 6 功能表達 FUNCTIONAL MATERIAL BANK 109 Chapter 7 語料庫：教育與學習 WRITING MATERIAL BANK: EDUCATION AND LEARNING 161 1. The Importance of Education【教育的重要性】163 2. The Benefits of College Education【大學教育的益處】164 3. Technology and Education【科技與教育】166 4. Positive Effects of Technology on Children【技術對兒童的好處】167 5. Negative Effects of Technology on Children【技術對兒童的壞處】168 6. The Importance of Homework【家庭作業的重要性】170 7. Education and Society【教育與社會】171 8. Benefits of Wearing School Uniforms【穿校服的好處】172 9. Benefits of Living on Campus【住校的好處】173 10. Benefits of Extracurricular Activities【課外活動的好處】173 11. Benefits of Small Classes【小班的好處】174 12. Benefits of Studying Abroad【出國留學的好處】174 13. Benefits of Getting Ph.D.【攻讀博士學位的好處】176 14. Benefits of All Girls School【女子學校的好處】176 15. Benefits of Standardized Testing【標準化考試的好處】177 16. Negative Effects of Standardized Testing【標準化考試的壞處】178 Chapter 8 語料庫：課程與教學 WRITING MATERIAL BANK: CURRICULUM AND TEACHING 181 1. The Importance of Art Education【藝術教育的重要性】183 2. The Benefits of Studying Economics【學習經濟的好處】185 3. Benefits of Bilingual Education【雙語教育的好處】186 4. Benefits of Learning English【學習英語的好處】186 5. The Benefits of Science Education【學習科學的好處】187 6. The Benefits of History Education【學習歷史的好處】189 7. The Benefits of Music Education【音樂教育的好處】191 8. Characteristics of a Good Teacher【好老師的特點】193 9. Teacher and Learning【教師與學習】196 Chapter 9 語料庫：環境與保護 WRITING MATERIAL BANK: ENVIRONMENT AND PROTECTION 197 1. Mother Nature【自然母親】199 2. Protecting Plants【保護植被】201 3. Protecting the Oceans【保護海洋】203 4. Ozone Layer Depletion【臭氧層破壞】204 5. Endangered Species【瀕危物種】205 6. Global Warming【全球變暖】206 7. Water Pollution【水污染】207 8. Water Resources【水資源】208 9. Air Pollution【空氣污染】208 10. Environment Conservation【環境保護】209 Chapter 10 語料庫：科技與生活 WRITING MATERIAL BANK: TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE 211 1. Benefits of Science and Technology【科技的益處】213 2. Negative Effects of Science【科技的弊端】214 3. Science and Life【科學與生活】216 4. Technology and Human Society【科技與人類社會】217 5. Benefits of Automobiles【汽車的好處】218 6. Negative Effects of Automobiles【汽車的壞處】220 7. Benefits of Public Transportation【公共運輸的好處】221 8. Benefits of Electric Vehicles【電動車的好處】221 9. About Cellphones【有關手機】222 10. Negative Effects of Cellphones【手機的壞處】223 11. Benefits of Computers【電腦的好處】224 12. Disadvantages of Internet【網路的弊端】225 13. The Importance of Renewable Energy【可再生資源的重要性】227 14. Effects of Conventional Electricity Production【傳統發電影響】228 15. Benefits of Wind Energy【風能的好處】229 16. Benefits of Solar Energy【太陽能的好處】230 17. Healthy Life Style【健康生活方式】231 Chapter 11 語料庫：休閒與健康 WRITING MATERIAL BANK: LEISURE AND HEALTH 233 1. Benefits of Traveling【旅行的好處】235 2. Benefits of Ecotourism【生態旅遊的好處】236 3. Benefits of leisure Time【休閒的好處】237 4. Sports and Health【運動與健康】238 5. Benefits of Physical Exercise【體育鍛鍊的好處】240 6. Benefits of Sports for Students【運動對學生的好處】241 7. Cycling【腳踏車】242 8. Singing【唱歌】242 9. Handling Pressure【面對壓力】243 Chapter 12 語料庫：工作與財富 WRITING MATERIAL BANK: WORK AND WEALTH 245 1. Benefits of Volunteering【志願工作的好處】247 2. Benefits of Team Work【團隊協作的好處】248 3. Disadvantages of Team Work【團隊協作的壞處】250 4. Benefits of Internship【實習的好處】250 5. Benefits of Job Rotation【崗位輪換的好處】252 6. Benefits of a Part-time Job【兼職的好處】252 7. Working at Home【居家工作】253 8. About Money【關於錢】254 9. How to Spend Money Wisely【如何明智地消費】256 10. Benefits of Money Management【資金管理的好處】257 11. Benefits of Budgeting【做預算的好處】258 12. Teaching Children About Money【教孩子理財】259 Chapter 13 語料庫：親情與友情 WRITING MATERIAL BANK: FAMILY AND FRIENDSHIP 261 1. The Importance of Families【家庭的重要性】263 2. Love【愛】265 3. Mothers【母親】266 4. Fathers【父親】268 5. Friendship【友誼】269 6. Man’s Best Friend【狗】272 Chapter 14 語料庫：其他話題 WRITING MATERIAL BANK: COLLECTION OF OTHER TOPICS 273 1. Books【書籍】275 2. Benefits of Reading Books【讀書的好處】276 3. Art Program Types【藝術分類】277 4. Negative Effects of TV【電視的負面影響】278 5. Benefits of Advertising【廣告的好處】279 6. Benefits of Goal Setting【設定目標的好處】280 7. The Importance of Planning【計畫的重要性】282 8. Embrace Failure【擁抱失敗】284 9. Success【成功】285 10. About Cities【關於城市】287 Chapter 15 附錄 APPENDIX 289 泛指詞和特指詞General and Specific Words 291 參考文獻Reference 325
拯救我的TOEFL寫作