山礬屬（拉丁名：Symplocos Jacq）為杜鵑花目、山礬科熱帶和亞熱帶植物。我國約80餘種，產江南各省，有些種類的木材可用。
基本介紹
- 中文學名：山礬屬
- 界：植物界
- 門：被子植物門
- 目：杜鵑花目
- 科：山礬科
- 屬：山礬屬
- 種：山礬屬
- 分布區域：中國長江以南
形態特徵,下級分類,所有物種,
形態特徵
灌木或喬木。單葉，互生，通常具鋸齒、腺質鋸齒或全緣，無托葉。花輻射對稱，兩性稀雜性，排成穗狀花序、總狀花序、圓錐花序或團傘花序，很少單生；花通常為1枚苞片和2枚小苞片所承托；萼3-5深裂或淺裂，通常5裂，裂片鑷合狀排列或覆瓦狀排列，通常宿存；花冠裂片分裂至近基部或中部，裂片3-11片，通常5片，覆瓦狀排列；雄蕊通常多數，很少4-5枚，著生於花冠筒上，花絲呈各式連生或分離，排成1-5列，花葯近球形，2室，縱裂；子房下位或半下位，頂端常具花盤和腺點，2-5室，通常3室，花柱1，纖細，柱頭小，頭狀或2-5裂；胚珠每室2-4顆，下垂。果為核果，頂端冠以宿存的萼裂片，通常具薄的中果皮和堅硬木質的核（內果皮）；核光滑或具棱，1-5室，每室有種子1顆，具豐富的胚乳，胚直或彎曲，子葉很短，線形。
下級分類
山礬亞屬Subg. Symplocos | |
深裂山礬亞屬Subg. Hopea (Linn.) Clarke | |
球果山礬組Sect. Bobua (DC.) Brand | 狹葉山礬 Symplocos angustifolia Guill. 越南山礬 Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. Moore 短穗花山礬 Symplocos divaricativena Hayata 火灰山礬 Symplocos dung Eberh. et Dub. 台東山礬 Symplocos konishii Hayata 光葉山礬 Symplocos lancifolia Sieb. et Zucc. 黃牛奶樹 Symplocos laurina (Retz.) Wall. 潮州山礬 Symplocos mollifolia Dunn 卵葉山礬 Symplocos ovalifolia Hand.-Mazz． 少脈山礬 Symplocos paucinervia Noot. |
團傘組Sect. Glomeratae Y. F. Wu | 腺柄山礬 Symplocos adenopus Hance 銅綠山礬 Symplocos aenea Hand.-Mazz. 南國山礬 Symplocos austrosinensis Hand.-Mazz. 密花山礬 Symplocos congesta Benth. 長毛山礬 Symplocos dolichotricha Merr. 福建山礬 Symplocos fukienensis Ling 腺緣山礬 Symplocos glandulifera Brand 團花山礬 Symplocos glomerata King ex Gamble 大葉山礬 Symplocos grandis Hand.-Mazz. 叢花山礬 Symplocos poilanei Guill. 老鼠矢 Symplocos stellaris Brand 捲毛山礬 Symplocos ulotricha Ling 文山山礬 Symplocos wenshanensis Huang et Y. F. Wu 無量山山礬 Symplocos wuliangshanensis Huang et Y. F. Wu 宜章山礬 Symplocos yizhangensis Y. F. Wu |
光頂山礬組Sect. Lodhra G. Don. | 腺葉山礬 Symplocos adenophylla Wall. 瓶核山礬 Symplocos ascidiiformis Y. F. Wu 橄欖山礬 Symplocos atriolivacea Merr. et Chun ex Li 總狀山礬 Symplocos botryantha Franch. 葫蘆果山礬 Symplocos cavaleriei Levl. 十棱山礬 Symplocos chunii Merr 厚葉山礬 Symplocos crassilimba Merr. 美山礬 Symplocos decora Hance 長花柱山礬 Symplocos dolichostylosa Y. F. Wu 堅木山礬 Symplocos dryophila Clarke 三裂山礬 Symplocos fordii Hance 腺斑山礬 Symplocos glandulosopunctata Y. F. Wu 羊舌樹 Symplocos glauca (Thunb.) Koidz. 海南山礬 Symplocos hainanensis Merr. et Chun 海桐山礬 Symplocos heishanensis Hayata 滇南山礬 Symplocos hookeri Clarke 瓊中山礬 Symplocos maclurei Merr. 長梗山礬 Symplocos modesta Brand 能高山礬 Symplocos nokoensis (Hayata) Kanehira 倒披針葉山礬 Symplocos oblanceolata Y. F. Wu 卵苞山礬 Symplocos ovatibracteata Y. F. Wu. 宿苞山礬 Symplocos persistens Huang et Y. F. Wu 柔毛山礬 Symplocos pilosa Rehd. 鐵山礬 Symplocos pseudobarberina Gontsch. 梨葉山礬 Symplocos pyrifolia Wall. ex G. Don 珠仔樹 Symplocos racemosa Roxb. 毛軸山礬 Symplocos rachitricha Y. F. Wu 多花山礬 Symplocos ramosissima Wall. ex G. Don 銀色山礬 Symplocos subconnata Hand.-Mazz. 山礬 Symplocos sumuntia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don 壇果山礬 Symplocos urceolaris Hance 綠枝山礬 Symplocos viridissima Brand 木核山礬 Symplocos xylopyrena C. Y. Wu ex Y. F. Wu 滇灰木 Symplocos yunnanensis Brand |
古山礬組Sect. Palaeosymplocos Brand | 薄葉山礬 Symplocos anomala Brand 厚皮灰木 Symplocos crassifolia Benth. 毛山礬 Symplocos groffii Merr. 蒙自山礬 Symplocos henryi Brand 廣西山礬 Symplocos kwangsiensis Merr. ex Li 台灣山礬 Symplocos morrisonicola Hayata 枝穗山礬 Symplocos multipes Brand 葉萼山礬 Symplocos phyllocalyx Clarke 四川山礬 Symplocos setchuensis Brand 稜角山礬 Symplocos tetragona Chen ex Y. F. Wu 茶葉山礬 Symplocos theaefolia D. Don 微毛山礬 Symplocos wikstroemiifolia Hayata |
錐序組Sect. PaluraG. Don Gen. | |
單花山礬組Sect. Singuliflorae Y. F. Wu | |
存疑種（山礬屬） Symplocos spp. | |
