作者簡介,詩歌內容,原文,譯文,作品賞析,
作者簡介
雪萊的《奧西曼迭斯》(A Stylistic Interpretation of Ozymandias)英國詩史自來有一個源流長、成就高的抒情詩傳統,它在十九世紀初年達到了更高的頂峰。雪萊對此作出了突出貢獻。在他一切的詩作里,瀰漫著濃厚的抒情氣氛。抒情性是雪萊詩才的最大特色。雪萊的抒情不是吟風弄月,而是摻和著人世的苦難感和對未來的希望。
詩歌內容
原文
I met a traveller from an antique land
Who said: Two vast and trunkless legs of stone
Stand in the desert. Near them on the sand,
Half sunk, a shatter'd visage lies, whose frown
And wrinkled lip and sneer of cold command
Tell that its sculptor well those passions read
Which yet survive, stamp'd on these lifeless things,
The hand that mock'd them and the heart that fed;
And on the pedestal these words appear:
'My name is Ozymandias, king of kings:
Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!'
Nothing beside remains. Round the decay
Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare,
The lone and level sands stretch far away.
Who said: Two vast and trunkless legs of stone
Stand in the desert. Near them on the sand,
Half sunk, a shatter'd visage lies, whose frown
And wrinkled lip and sneer of cold command
Tell that its sculptor well those passions read
Which yet survive, stamp'd on these lifeless things,
The hand that mock'd them and the heart that fed;
And on the pedestal these words appear:
'My name is Ozymandias, king of kings:
Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!'
Nothing beside remains. Round the decay
Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare,
The lone and level sands stretch far away.
雪萊/著
王佐良/譯
譯文
客自海外歸,曾見沙漠古國
有石像半毀,唯余巨腿
半遭沙埋,但人面依然可畏,
那冷笑,那發號施令的高傲,
足見雕匠看透了主人的內心,
才把那石頭刻得神情維肖,
而刻像的手和像主的心
早成灰燼。像座上大字在目:
“吾乃萬王之王是也,
蓋世功業,敢叫天公折服!
伸向荒涼的四方。
寂寞平沙空莽莽,
此外無一物,但見廢墟周圍,
寂寞平沙空莽莽,
伸向荒涼的四方。
有石像半毀,唯余巨腿
半遭沙埋,但人面依然可畏,
那冷笑,那發號施令的高傲,
足見雕匠看透了主人的內心,
才把那石頭刻得神情維肖,
而刻像的手和像主的心
早成灰燼。像座上大字在目:
“吾乃萬王之王是也,
蓋世功業,敢叫天公折服!
伸向荒涼的四方。
寂寞平沙空莽莽,
此外無一物,但見廢墟周圍,
寂寞平沙空莽莽,
伸向荒涼的四方。
作品賞析
本詩的中心思想是諷刺性地對比帝王將相曾經的輝煌和如今的衰敗。本作著力表現這么一個隱喻:破碎、荒涼的雕塑遺棄在沙漠死地,卻仍然帶著他那孤傲、狂熱的神情和偏狂式的銘文(“功業蓋世,料天神大能者無可及!”)君王曾經自傲的吹噓被冰冷地反駁了。下一節四行詩段轉到另一個意象。現在雕工而非旅行者在描繪法老。那位雕工“了解主子的心情細緻入微”,但今天“空留殘墟一片”。
用來形容雕刻工匠的行為的動詞“mock”有雙重意義。舊意思“創作真實事物的模仿品(正如詞語“建築模型”一樣)”在本作寫成前已有數百年歷史。然而,雪萊的雙關語並未失效,因為在他的時代,第二種意思“以惡意模仿而嘲笑”漸出水面。
帝王們浮華至極,但歷史的車輪和時間的洪流注定讓那些王功帝業成為曇花一現,他們的遺蹟注定要腐朽以致遺忘。