在這一階段兒童言語的詞序模式與成年人的一樣變化多樣,幾乎沒有詞序的錯誤。在多詞句階段後期,兒童言語中有了語法形態的變化,功能詞的使用也不斷增加。一般認為,兒童在5歲時,語言習得的絕大多數過程已完成。
基本介紹
- 中文名:多詞句階段
- 概述 :在這一階段兒童言語的
- 定義:The multiword stage 多詞句階段
- 舉例:Between two and three y
定義,舉例,多詞句階段,
定義
The multiword stage 多詞句階段
舉例
Between two and three years old, children begin to produce longer utterances with more complex grammatical structures. When a child starts stringing more than two words together, the utterances may be two, three, four, or five words or longer, hence the multiword stage.
兒童在兩三歲的時候,開始說更長的具有更複雜語法結構的話。當兒童的話語超過兩個詞後,就出現了兩詞、三詞、四詞、五詞或更長的話語,此階段被稱為多語句階段。
The early multiword utterances typically lack inflectional morphemes and most minor lexical categories as “to”, “the”, “can”. These multiword utterances are usually the “substantive” or “content” words that carry the main message. Because of their resemblance to the style of language found in telegrams, utterances at this acquisition stage are often referred to as telegraphic speech.
兒童早期的多語句有一個典型的特點,即缺少屈折語素和大多數的功能詞,如to/the/can等。存在於多語句中的通常是一些表達主要信息的實詞。由於這些言語與電報中的電文風格相似,所以這個習得階段的言語經常被稱為電報式言語。
Although they lack grammatical morphemes, telegraphic sentences are not simply words that are randomly strung together, but follow the principles of sentence formation.
儘管電報式言語缺少起語法作用的詞素,但它們也不是隨意攢到一起的,而是遵循一定的句法組合規則的。
As this type of telegram-format speech increases, a number of grammatical morphemes begin to appear in children’s speech, such as “-s”, “-ed” and prepositions.
隨著這類電報式言語的增多,兒童言語中開始出現一些語法性詞素,如-s/-ed和介詞等。
It is normally assumed that by the age of five, with an operating vocabulary of more than 2000 words, children have completed the greater part of the language acquisition process.
通常認為,兒童五歲時的有用辭彙量應該超過2000個,語言習得過程基本完成。
多詞句階段
兒童大約在2到3歲之間語言的使用進入多詞句階段。在雙詞句階段和多詞句階段,並不存在明顯的三詞句階段。在多詞句階段,兒童言語的主要特徵是語素使用的多樣性,如:
Cathy build house.
Cat stand up table.
Daddy like this book.
He play little tune.
This shoe all wet.
Chair all broken.
I good boy today.
Me put it back.
What that?
What her name?
No sit there.
Mummy no play.
Baby no eat apple.
在早期的多詞句中,典型的特徵是這些言語缺少形態變化以及缺少一些表達語法的功能詞或其他次要辭彙範疇的詞,比如言語中沒有介詞、冠詞、動詞不定試標記”to”,以及”be”動詞。由於兒童在多詞句階段所說的話與電報語體非常相似,所以兒童的多詞句又被稱為電報式言語(telegraphic speech)。這些電報式言語不是詞的無序結合,而是遵循了基本的句法規則。