地中海芋螺(學名:Lautoconus ventricosus)的拉丁文名稱繁多。該物種外形多樣,花紋清晰,貝殼厚實。具有外殼和水管溝。神經系統集中,食道神經環位於唾液腺的後方,沒有被唾液腺輸送管穿過;胃腸神經節位於腦神經中樞附近。口吻發達,食道具有不成對的食道腺。外套膜的一部分包卷而形成水管。雌雄異體,雄性具有交接器。嗅檢器為羽毛狀,齒舌狹窄。從潮間帶、淺海至較深的沙、岩石或珊瑚礁海底均有棲息。肉食性,以蠕蟲、魚類或其他軟體動物為食。體內有毒腺,可射殺獵物,並能傷害捕食者,分布於亞得里亞海至安哥拉。
基本介紹
外形特徵,同義學名,分布範圍,習性環境,經濟價值,
外形特徵
地中海芋螺長13 - 63 mm,貝殼堅固,通常呈倒圓錐形,螺旋部稍高,體螺層高大。殼面平滑,下部螺口處具螺肋。貝殼顏色和花紋豐富多彩,常被有黃褐色的殼皮。殼的邊緣直,殼階很大,漸窄,螺口窄,開於第一殼階。傾斜的角度很大從而在殼階的頂上形成一基台。螺塔呈階梯狀並有凹陷,還有一突出的中間殼頂。與身體平行的薄唇形成一貫穿殼階全長的筆直而狹窄的孔眼。右側裂有長溝,是它的殼口,殼口狹長,前溝寬短。厴角質,小。齒片大。沒有顎片。吻和水管發達,在食道部位有腺體。
同義學名
序號 | 拉丁學名 | 序號 | 拉丁學名 |
---|---|---|---|
1. | Lautoconus ventricosus | 44. | Conus mediterraneus galloprovincialis lineolata |
2. | Chelyconus mediterraneus | 45. | Conus mediterraneus galloprovincialis producta |
3. | Conus caffer | 46. | Conus mediterraneus galloprovincialis turrita |
4. | Conus carinata | 47. | Conus mediterraneus herillus |
5. | Conus cinctus | 48. | Conus mediterraneus imelus |
6. | Conus franciscanus pereirae | 49. | Conus mediterraneus insolitus |
7. | Conus fuscocingulatopsis | 50. | Conus mediterraneus interrupta |
8. | Conus glaucescens | 51. | Conus mediterraneus lineolatus |
9. | Conus glaucus | 52. | Conus mediterraneus lutea |
10. | Conus grossi | 53. | Conus mediterraneus major |
11. | Conus guestieri | 54. | Conus mediterraneus mamillatus |
12. | Conus hanleyi | 55. | Conus mediterraneus marmorata |
13. | Conus humilis | 56. | Conus mediterraneus marmoratus |
14. | Conus ignobilis | 57. | Conus mediterraneus meridionalis |
15. | Conus ignobilis rufa | 58. | Conus mediterraneus oblonga |
16. | Conus ignobilis versicolor | 59. | Conus mediterraneus obtusa |
17. | Conus inaequalis | 60. | Conus mediterraneus obtusus |
18. | Conus istriensis | 61. | Conus mediterraneus pallida |
19. | Conus jamaicensis | 62. | Conus mediterraneus perfectus |
20. | Conus jaspis | 63. | Conus mediterraneus phegeus |
21. | Conus madurensis | 64. | Conus mediterraneus pretunculus |
22. | Conus mediterraneus acuminata | 65. | Conus mediterraneus rubens |
23. | Conus mediterraneus aerulescens | 66. | Conus mediterraneus rufatra |
24. | Conus mediterraneus alalmus | 67. | Conus mediterraneus spirata |
25. | Conus mediterraneus alba | 68. | Conus mediterraneus steppus |
26. | Conus mediterraneus albina | 69. | Conus mediterraneus striatus |
27. | Conus mediterraneus arenaria | 70. | Conus mediterraneus subconcolor |
28. | Conus mediterraneus carinata | 71. | Conus mediterraneus subviridis |
29. | Conus mediterraneus castanea | 72. | Conus olivaceus |
30. | Conus mediterraneus clodianus | 73. | Conus persistens |
31. | Conus mediterraneus elongata | 74. | Conus rusticus |
32. | Conus mediterraneus elpus | 75. | Conus stercutius |
33. | Conus mediterraneus emisus | 76. | Conus submediterraneus |
34. | Conus mediterraneus endorus | 77. | Conus thuscus |
35. | Conus mediterraneus epaphus | 78. | Conus trunculus |
36. | Conus mediterraneus exilis | 79. | Conus ventricosus |
37. | Conus mediterraneus fasciata | 80. | Conus zealandicus |
38. | Conus mediterraneus flammulata | 81. | Lautoconus galloprovincialis minor |
39. | Conus mediterraneus flavescens | 82. | Lautoconus mediterraneus noeformis |
40. | Conus mediterraneus franciscanus | 83. | Lautoconus mediterraneus scalare |
41. | Conus mediterraneus franciscanus pallans | 84. | Lautoconus ventricosus perfectus |
42. | Conus mediterraneus fusca | 85. | Lautoconus ventricosus striatus |
43. | Conus mediterraneus galloprovincialis |
分布範圍
分布於地中海的亞得里亞海至安哥拉。
習性環境
屬熱帶地區的貝類,喜歡生活在溫暖的水域中,棲息的環境從沙岸、泥岸、岩礁岸均有。平常晝伏夜出,行動緩慢,多以肉食為主,攝食其他軟體動物、蠕蟲及小魚。芋螺體內的毒囊,經由輸毒管的傳送,傳送毒液至化成箭狀的齒舌。當獵物靠近時,它會將吻端伸出,將充滿毒液的齒舌刺入獵物體中。芋螺的齒舌每使用一次,就會斷一次,須經一段時間才會再長出來。殼口狹窄的芋螺毒性較低,而殼口越寬廣,毒性也就越強。
芋螺的毒屬蛋白質毒,與毒蛇的毒相似。被咬傷中毒則會紅腫刺痛,經常出現的症狀是灼燒感及麻木,接著逐漸蔓延全身,使得四肢無力,肌肉麻痹,意識幻散,漸漸昏厥,而最後的死亡導因是心肌無力。
經濟價值
肉可食,貝殼由各種顏色構成的圖案,花型美麗,可供觀賞,價值較高。