內容簡介
本書採用通俗易懂的語言,介紹了銑工所需掌握的基本知識和技能。本書主要內容包括:
立式銑床介紹,立式銑床的刀具和夾具,立式銑床操作,分度和迴轉工作檯操作,數控銑削介紹,CNC銑削:編程,CNC銑削:設定與操作,計算機輔助設計和輔助製造。
圖書目錄
出版說明
序
第
1章 立式銑床介紹 ···························· 1
1.1 概述······················································ 2
1.2 底座和立柱 ················································· 3
1.3 升降台···················································· 3
1.3.1 床鞍·················································· 4
1.3.2 工作檯·················································· 4
1.4 轉塔····················································· 5
1.5 懸臂······················································ 5
1.6 銑頭····················································· 6
1.6.1 旋轉主軸·············································· 6
1.6.2 主軸套筒 ·············································· 8
1.6.3 自動主軸套筒進給 ······························ 9
1.6.4 銑頭運動 ············································ 10
1.7 可選配置··················································· 12
第 2章 立式銑床的刀具和夾具 ············ 14
2.1 概述·················································· 15
2.2 刀柄和刀桿 ···································· 15
2.3
切削刀具材料 ··································· 15
2.4 正確的切削刀具存儲方法························ 19
2.5 立銑刀···················································· 19
2.5.1 粗加工立銑刀···································· 20
2.5.2 球頭立銑刀········································ 20
2.5.3 半徑立銑刀········································ 21
2.5.4 圓角銑刀············································ 21
2.5.5 倒角立銑刀········································ 21
2.5.6 錐度立銑刀········································ 22
2.6 平面銑削刀具
··········································· 22
2.7 特種銑削刀具
··········································· 23
2.7.1 T形槽銑刀 ········································ 23
2.7.2
燕尾槽銑刀········································ 23
2.7.3 半圓鍵槽銑刀···································· 23
2.7.4 鋸片銑刀············································ 23
2.7.5 成形銑刀············································ 24
2.8 刀具夾持 ··················································· 24
2.8.1 立銑刀刀具夾持器 ···························· 24
2.8.2 鑽頭夾盤············································ 25
2.8.3 莫氏錐度轉接器 ································ 25
2.8.4 圓筒形立銑刀刀桿 ···························· 25
2.8.5 短心軸················································ 26
2.8.6 R8 夾頭·············································· 26
2.9 工件夾持 ··················································· 26
2.9.1 壓緊壓板············································ 26
2.9.2 銑削虎鉗············································ 28
2.9.3 卡盤 /夾頭夾具································· 30
2.9.4
真空吸盤、磁性吸盤和粘結劑、基工件夾持裝置 ······························· 31
2.9.5 專用夾具········································· 32
第 3章 立式銑床操作 ···························· 33
3.1 概述····················································· 34
3.2 常規銑床安全知識 ····························· 34
3.3 用調整裝置調整銑床銑頭························ 34
3.4 調整工件夾持裝置································ 36
3.4.1 調整銑削虎鉗 ···························· 36
3.4.2 調整其他工件夾持裝置和大工件····· 38
3.5 銑削操作的速度和進給量························ 39
3.6 孔加工操作 ········································ 41
3.6.1 將孔定位在一個布局 ····················· 41
3.6.2 從一個邊定位孔 ····························· 41
3.6.3 定位零件特徵的中心 ····················· 42
3.6.4 鏜孔···················································· 44
3.7 銑削基礎··················································· 46
3.8 加工正方體塊 ······································· 47
3.8.1 銑削麵 A ········································· 47
3.8.2 銑削麵 B ········································ 49
3.8.3 銑削麵 C ········································ 49
3.8.4 銑削麵 D············································ 50
3.8.5 銑削麵 E和面 F ····························· 51
3.8.6 使用角板把塊加工成正方體············· 54
3.9 角度銑削··················································· 54
#12;
3.9.1 用帶角度的刀具銑削····················· 54
3.9.2 通過定位工件銑削角度 ················· 55
3.9.3 通過傾斜銑頭來銑削角度················· 58
3.10 銑削台階、槽和鍵槽······························ 59
3.10.1 基本的台階銑削 ·························· 59
3.10.2 槽銑削·············································· 61
3.11銑削半徑
················································· 65
3.11.1 銑削外半徑(圓角)························ 65
3.11.2 銑削內半徑(圓角)························ 66
3.12 腔體銑削················································· 68
第
4章 分度和迴轉工作檯操作············· 71
4.1 概述··························································· 72
4.2
迴轉工作檯的零部件································ 72
4.3 迴轉工作檯的設定
··································· 72
4.4 迴轉工作檯的操作
··································· 74
4.4.1 用於銑削和鑽孔的分度定位············· 74
4.4.2 銑削外半徑和內半徑
························ 75
4.5 分度頭······················································· 76
4.5.1 分度頭的零件
···································· 76
4.5.2 分度頭的設定
···································· 76
4.6 分度頭的操作
··········································· 77
4.6.1 直接分度法········································ 77
4.6.2 簡單分度法········································ 78
第
5章 數控銑削介紹
···························· 81
5.1 概述··························································· 82
5.2 加工中心的類型
······································· 82
5.3 刀具夾持··················································· 85
5.3.1 數控主軸類型
···································· 85
5.3.2 刀具夾持器類型
································ 86
5.3.3 工件夾緊裝置
···································· 90
5.4 工藝規程··················································· 94
第
6章 數控銑削編程
···························· 95
6.1 概述··························································· 96
6.2 銑削的坐標定位
······································· 96
6.3 銑削的轉速和進給速度···························· 97
6.3.1 主軸轉速············································ 97
6.3.2 進給速度············································ 97
6.4 程式段號··················································· 97
6.5 銑削的運動類型
······································· 97
6.5.1 快速移位—G0 ······························· 97
6.5.2 線性插補—G1 ······························· 99
6.5.3 圓弧插補·········································· 101
6.6 加工操作················································· 108
6.6.1 切削液開關
M指令························· 108
6.6.2 端面銑削·········································· 108
6.6.3 二維銑削·········································· 109
6.6.4 孔加工操作·······································111
6.6.5 固定循環 ···········································113
6.7 刀具半徑補償
········································· 124
第
7章 數控銑削設定和操作··············· 128
7.1 工具機控制臺
········································· 129
7.2 工件夾持設定
········································· 131
7.3 工具機坐標系和工件坐標系······················ 131
7.4 上電和復位
············································· 132
7.5 工件偏置設定
········································· 132
7.5.1 工件
Z軸的偏置設定
······················ 133
7.5.2 工件
X軸和
Y軸的偏置設定········· 134
7.6 切削刀具················································· 136
7.6.1 切削刀具的安裝
······························ 136
7.6.2 切削刀具的偏置類型
······················ 136
7.7 程式入口················································· 140
7.8 工具機操作················································· 140
7.8.1 程式驗證·········································· 140
7.8.2 自動模式·········································· 141
第
8章 計算機輔助設計和計算
機輔助製造
······························ 142
8.1 概述························································· 143
8.2 CAD軟體的套用···································· 143
8.2.1 幾何體類型······································ 143
8.2.2 軟體類型·········································· 144
8.3 CAM軟體的套用
··································· 144
8.3.1 刀具軌跡·········································· 144
8.3.2 加工驗證
/仿真······························· 148
8.3.3 後處理·············································· 148