唐縣高昌墓地發掘報告

《唐縣高昌墓地發掘報告》是2010年文物出版社出版的圖書，作者是南水北調中線建設幹線建設管理局。該書主要介紹了河北省唐縣高昌墓地在南水北調中線一期工程的發掘經過、過程、發掘器物、發掘意義等內容。

基本介紹

• 中文名：唐縣高昌墓地發掘報告
• 作者：南水北調中線建設幹線建設管理局 等 編
• 出版社：文物出版社
• ISBN：9787501030361
• 開本：16 開
• 精裝：412頁
• 正文語種：簡體中文
• 條形碼：9787501030361
• 尺寸：28.6x21.4x3cm

內容簡介

"南水北調中線一期工程文物保護項目---河北省考古發掘報告第二號"即《唐縣高昌墓地發掘報告》近日由文物出版社出版發行。該書由南水北調中線幹線工程建設管理局、河北省南水北調工程建設委員會辦公室、河北省文物局共同編著。

目前國家正在實施的南水北調工程是一項宏大的水利基礎設施建設工程，中線工程是這一項目的重要組成部分，其總乾渠河北段沿太行山山前地帶，南北縱向穿越，全長464千米。通過考古調查勘探，沿線發現了大批的古文化遺存，唐縣高昌墓地就是一處以漢代墓葬為主的大型平民墓地。該墓地的考古發掘工作由河北省文物研究所研究館員王會民負責，共發掘131座墓葬，包含了戰國（7座）、兩漢（112座）、北朝至隋（6座）、宋（1座）、清（1座）等不同時期的墓葬。《唐縣高昌墓地發掘報告》使用了三段式編寫形式，共分三章：第一章概述，第二章墓葬資料，第三章初步研究。第一章中分別介紹了墓葬資料概況及工作方法、工作概況、材料整理與編寫三方面的內容；第二章墓葬資料部分以時代為章節，再以發掘時的墓葬編號順序逐一敘述，分別配有墓葬平、剖面圖和隨葬器物圖。第三章初步研究部分是作者對高昌墓葬資料的總結和歸納，特別是兩漢墓葬分期討論是作者用筆較多的一章，書中體現了作者對高昌墓地兩漢資料詳盡的理解、深刻的認識和細緻的工作態度。

An Excavation Report on Gaochang Cemetery

(Abstract)

The "South -to- North Water Diversion Project" is another

large -scale hydraulic engineering work following the "Three Gorgeous Projects" , and also another startling move of Chinese

government. The archaeological work, which coordinates with this

project, has become an urgent and arduous task for the three

provinces and one city along the line.

In the summer of 2002, from the end of 2003 to the beginning

of 2004, and during the autumn season of the same year, Hebei

Province -acting in concert with the water project -successively

The first part is divided into three chapters, each depicting the

general situation of the cemetery and the working methods,

profiles, contents as well as the collation and compilation of

materials, etc. Part 11 starts with the tombs' era as a

framework, then recounts them one by one in the order from small

to big serial numbers. Each tomb, whether robbed or not, relies on

raw material as its basis, then goes through indoor collation of

materials and restoration and checking of objects, and then

respectively depicted according to each tomb' s position, time of

excavation, status quo of its preservation, filling' s color and

composition,the tomb' s structure, the positions of coffins,

bones, burial objects and the features of every burial object.

Generally, each tomb has an attached profile, some of them also

has photos. Burial objects has attached outline drawings based on

the tombs, the better and more intact one is the choice from the

same items.

Part III of preliminary study involves seven chapters:

cemetery overview; tombs' structure and the combination of burial

objects; burial objects, decorative pottery of the Warring States

Period and the Han Dynasty ; co - burial of different graves among

the earthen - shafts of the Westeru Han Dynasty ; the transition

from earthen - shafts to brick - chambered tombs ; the tombs' era

and the owner' s speculation.

"Cemetery overview" summarizes how the tombs of different

periods surround a rock mound,meanwhile generalizes the main

burial customs. In the order of time periods, the chapter of

"tombs' structure and the combination of burial objects" concludes

the characteristics of tombs'struture, respectively from the

filling, tombs' direction and size, tombs' furniture, skeleton,

the combination of burial objects, etc. The conclusion, which is

about the features of 92 earthen - shafts of the Western Han

Dynasty, is particularly detailed. It divides the pottery of the

burial objects into 7 combinations, among which the gallipots or

the daily combination of gallipots and pottery bowls are the most

common. The chapter of "burial objects" - also in the order of

time - generalizes the burial objects of all periods, roughly

describing according to such classifications as pottery, copper,

iron, pewter, jade, glass, bone, lacquer, etc. The 7 tombs of the

Warring States Period and the 112 of the Western and Eastern Han

Dynasties vary greatly on the number and variety of burial

objects, as a result, independent forms of narrations are adopted.

The pottery is divided for their types and forms based on the

traditional method, each one is marked with the unearthed number

as well as the general characteristic of its type and form,

moreover, each form is marked with the number of tombs containing

such items, and descriptive examples are also provided.

Chapter four of "decorative pottery of the Warring States Period and the Han Dynasty" summarizes how the items were molded

and the main shapes of their various parts as well as the main

decoration methods and ornamental patterns. Furthermore, this

chapter also provides description along with drawings of rubbings

for the main patterns, such as whirling mark (旋紋), cord mark,

chequer, impressed complex of looped cord (繩圈印紋), nail

pattern, dancette and the combination of whirling mark (旋紋),

fret pattern, cord mark; the combination of whirling mark (旋紋),

chequer, cord mark; the combination of whirling mark (旋紋), cord

mark,short - string pattern, the combination of whirling mark (旋紋), cord mark, impressed complex of looped cord (繩圈印紋). The "impressed complex of looped cord (繩圈印紋) " and its combination

are rare patterns, which not only can decorate but also locate the

'" ear" and the handle of an item. It' s one of the unique

patterns that prevailed in certain areas during the Han Dynasty.

The chapter - " co - burial of different graves among the earthen - shafts of the Western Hart Dynasty" - cites the 34

tombs of Western Han Dynasty of Gaochang cemetery as concrete

demonstrations, every two tombs make up a group and are side by

side, which clarifies the prevalent "husband and wife buried together" during the earthen - shafts period. This chapter also

expounds that the idea of " male superiority" almost dominated the

whole class society of China, the idea is also reflected in the

burial position of men and women due to their different social

status." Right is superior, left is inferior" - such idea was

widespread, especially in the Warring States Period and the Han

Dynasty, in line with this idea, the social reality of "male left,female right"when burying has come into being in most of the

areas.

Another significant accomplishment of the excavation in

Gaochang Cemetery is the transition from earthen -shafts to brick

-chambered tombs, by analyzing several tombs of special styles of

this particular period such as brick - framed tombs and also brick

- framed ones with flat tops, for the first time, however, this

article has clearly claimed that such styles were of popularity in

certain areas during the transition period from earthen - shafts

to brick - chambered tombs. They still maintained the structure

of wooden coffin of the earthen - shafts period, at the same time

adopted brick frames and flat tops, even without evident tomb

doors and passage ways, they are much more primitive than brick-

spanned tops and domed tops of mature periods.

The last chapter involves the tombs' era and the owner' s

speculation, by making contrasts between tombs of major periods

and recently - published materials on the same period, then

leading to inference about the tombs' relative times, with

particularly detailed classification on the most tombs of Han

Dynasty according to different time periods. Based on the above -

mentioned analysis about the structure of tombs and conclusions

about the combination of burial objects as well as their types and

forms, meanwhile taking the unearthed coins into consideration,

this chapter divides the tombs of Han Dynasty into five periods:

the early Western Han Dynasty, the mid-Western Han Dynasty, the

late Western Han Dynasty, the end of Western Han Dynasty to the

early Eastern Han Dynasty, the middle and late Eastern Han

Dynasty.

目錄

序言

第一章 概述

第一節 墓地概況及工作方法

第二節 工作概況及內容

第三節 材料整理與編寫

第二章 墓葬資料

第一節 戰國時期墓葬

一 M65

二 M77

三 M82

四 M102

五 M105

六 M106

七 M128

第二節 西漢時期土坑墓葬

一 M1

二 M2

三 M3

四 M4

五 M5

六 M6

七 M7

八 M8

九 M9

一0 M10

一一 M11

一二 M12

一三 M13

一四 M14

一五 M15

一六 M16

一七 M17

一八 M20

一九 M23

二0 M25

二一 M27

二二 M28

二三 M29

二四 M30

二五 M31

二六 M32

二七 M33

二八 M34

二九 M35

三0 M36

三一 M37

三二 M38

三三 M39

三四 M40

三五 M41

三六 M42

三七 M43

三八 M45

三九 M46

四0 M48

四一 M49

四二 M50

四三 M51

四四 M52

四五 M53

四六 M54

四七 M55

四八 M56

四九 M57

五0 M58

五一 M59

五二 M60

五三 M62

五四 M63

五五 M66

五六 M67

五七 M68

五八 M69

五九 M71

六0 M72

六一 M73

六二 M74

六三 M75

六四 M76

六五 M81

六六 M83

六七 M86

六八 M87

六九 M89

七0 M95

七一 M96

七二 M97

七三 M98

七四 M99

七五 M101

七六 M103

七七 M104

七八 M107

七九 M108

八0 M109

八一 M113

八二 M115

八三 M116

八四 M117

八五 M118

八六 M121

八七 M122

八八 M123

八九 M124

九0 M125-

九一 M126

九二 M127

第三節 兩漢時期磚室墓葬

一 M61

二 M64

三 M70

四 M78

五 M79

六 M80

七 M84

八 M85

九 M88

一0 M90

一一 M91

一二 M92

一三 M93

一四 M94

一五 M100

一六 M114

一七 M120

一八 M129

一九M130

二0 M131

第四節 北朝—隋代墓葬

一 M18

二 M19

三 M21

四 M22

五 M24

六 M26

第五節 宋代墓葬

一 M112

第六節 清代墓葬

一 M47

第七節 年代不明墓葬

一 M44

二 M110

三 M111

四 M119

第三章 初步研究

第一節 墓地綜述

第二節 墓葬形制及出土器物組合

一 戰國時期墓葬

二 西漢時期土坑墓葬

三 兩漢時期磚室墓葬

四 北朝至隋代磚室墓葬

五 宋代墓葬

六 清代墓葬

第三節 出土器物

一 戰國時期墓葬

二 兩漢時期墓葬

三 北朝至隋代墓葬

四 宋代墓葬

五 清代墓葬

第四節 戰國、漢代陶器裝飾

第五節 西漢土坑墓葬中的異穴合葬

第六節 土坑墓葬向磚室墓葬的過渡

第七節 墓葬年代及墓主推測

一 戰國時期墓葬

二 兩漢時期墓葬

三 北朝至隋代墓葬

四 宋代墓葬

五 清代墓葬

第八節 結語

附表 高昌墓地出土器物登記表

後記

英文提要