基本介紹
- 中文名：十四點原則
- 外文名：Wilson's fourteen points
- 提出時間：1918年1月8日
- 提出者：美國總統威爾遜
- 主要內容：戰後世界應該是一個開放的世界
主要內容：,英文版,中文版：,
主要內容：
1． 戰後世界應該是一個開放的世界。
2． 抵制並消除蘇俄布爾什維克主義的影響。
3． 要求在給歐洲及近東各民族以自決權的基礎上恢復與建立民族國家，或建立受到列強保護實行門戶開放原則的保護國。
反映了美國在一戰後希望憑藉強大的經濟實力，在全世界擴張自己的勢力範圍，以民族自決，裁減軍備為幌子，換取世界輿論的支持，削弱英法等競爭對手進而通過建立國際聯盟，在政治上干預與控制戰後世界局勢，參與瓜分世界的殖民地。
英文版
：
I. Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view.
II. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants.
III. The removal, so far as possible, of all economic barriers and the establishment of an equality of trade conditions among all the nations consenting to the peace and associating themselves for its maintenance.
IV. Adequate guarantees given and taken that national armaments will be reduced to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety.
V. A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable claims of the government whose title is to be determined.
VI. The evacuation of all Russian territory and such a settlement of all questions affecting Russia as will secure the best and freest cooperation of the other nations of the world in obtaining for her an unhampered and unembarrassed opportunity for the independent determination of her own political development and national policy and assure her of a sincere welcome into the society of free nations under institutions of her own choosing; and, more than a welcome, assistance also of every kind that she may need and may herself desire. The treatment accorded Russia by her sister nations in the months to come will be the acid test of their good will, of their comprehension of her needs as distinguished from their own interests, and of their intelligent and unselfish sympathy.
VII. Belgium, the whole world will agree, must be evacuated and restored, without any attempt to limit the sovereignty which she enjoys in common with all other free nations. No other single act will serve as this will serve to restore confidence among the nations in the laws which they have themselves set and determined for the government of their relations with one another. Without this healing act the whole structure and validity of international law is forever impaired.
VIII. All French territory should be freed and the invaded portions restored, and the wrong done to France by Prussia in 1871 in the matter of Alsace-Lorraine, which has unsettled the peace of the world for nearly fifty years, should be righted, in order that peace may once more be made secure in the interest of all.
IX. A readjustment of the frontiers of Italy should be effected along clearly recognizable lines of nationality.
X. The peoples of Austria-Hungary, whose place among the nations we wish to see safeguarded and assured, should be accorded the freest opportunity to autonomous development.
XI. Rumania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated; occupied territories restored; Serbia accorded free and secure access to the sea; and the relations of the several Balkan states to one another determined by friendly counsel along historically established lines of allegiance and nationality; and international guarantees of the political and economic independence and territorial integrity of the several Balkan states should be entered into.
XII. The Turkish portion of the present Ottoman Empire should be assured a secure sovereignty, but the other nationalities which are now under Turkish rule should be assured an undoubted security of life and an absolutely unmolested opportunity of autonomous development, and the Dardanelles should be permanently opened as a free passage to the ships and commerce of all nations under international guarantees.
XIII. An independent Polish state should be erected which should include the territories inhabited by indisputably Polish populations, which should be assured a free and secure access to the sea, and whose political and economic independence and territorial integrity should be guaranteed by international covenant.
XIV. A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.
中文版：
（1）杜絕秘密外交，簽訂公開的契約。
（2）確保海上航行的絕對自由。
（3）取消一切經濟壁壘，建立貿易平等條件。
（4）裁減軍備。
（5）公正地處理殖民地問題時，既要顧及到殖民地人民的利益，也應考慮殖民政府的正當要求。
（6）外國軍隊撤出俄國，並保證俄國獨立決定其政治發展和國家政策，歡迎它在自己選擇的制度下，進入自由國家的社會。
（7）德軍撤出比利時，並恢復其主權。
（8）德軍撤出法國，阿爾薩斯和洛林歸還法國。
（9）根據民族分布情況，調整義大利疆界。
（10）允許奧匈帝國境內各民族自治。
（12）承認奧斯曼帝國內的土耳其部分有穩固的主權 ，但土耳其統治的其他民族有在“自治”的基礎上不受干擾的發展機會，達達尼爾海峽在國際保證下永遠開放為自由航道。
（13）重建獨立的擁有出海口的波蘭，以國際條約保證其政治經濟獨立和領土完整。
（14）根據旨在國家不分大小、相互保證政治獨立和領土完整的特別盟約，設立國際聯合機構。
