協助主要動詞構成謂語的詞叫助動詞(Auxiliary Verb),也叫輔助動詞。被協助的動詞稱作主要動詞(Main Verb)。助動詞用來構成時態和語態。 助動詞具有語法意義,但沒有辭彙意義,不可單獨作謂語。它沒有對應的漢譯,例如: He doesn't like English. 他不喜歡英語。(does是助動詞,無詞義;like是主要動詞,有詞義)
基本介紹
- 中文名:助動詞
- 外文名:Auxiliary Verb
- 語言:英語
- 主要變化形式:如have,has,had
- 簡稱:aux.v
定義
分類
- He is giving a lecture. 他在作報告。
- He has made a plan. 他已經訂了計畫。
- The small animals are kept in the cages. 小動物都關在籠子裡。
作用
He was sent to England. 他被派往英國。
Do you like college life? 你喜歡大學生活嗎?
Did you study English before you came here? 你來這兒之前學過英語嗎?
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定來參加晚會。
He did know that. 他的確知道那件事。
具體用法
They are having a meeting. 他們正在開會。
English is becoming more and more important. 英語變得越來越重要。
The window was broken by Tom. 窗戶被Tom打破了。
He is to go to New York next week. 他下周要去紐約。
We are to teach the fresh persons. 我們要教新生。
但應注意:這種用法也可以說是一種將來時態的表達法。
You are to explain this. 對此你要作出解釋。
He is to come to the office this afternoon. 他今天下午要來辦公室。
How am I to answer him? 我該怎樣答覆他?
Who is to go there? 誰該去那兒呢?
We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.
我們明天早晨7點在校門口集合。
He has left for London. 他已去了倫敦。
By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.
上月末為止,他們已經完成工作的一半。
I have been studying English for ten years.
我一直在學英語,已達十年之久。
English has been taught in China for many years.
中國教英語已經多年。
肯定式 | 否定式 | 疑問式 | |
現在時 | have(got)或 have | haven't(got)或 don't have | have I(got)?或 do you have? |
過去時 | had | hadn't(got)或 didn't have | had you(got)?或 did you have? |
我們1點鐘吃飯。
他們明天舉行聚會。
我希望你愉快地度過假期。
I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批評。
He doesn't like to study. 他不想學習。
In the past, many students did not know the importance of English. 過去,好多學生不知道英語的重要性。
說明: 構成否定祈使句只用do。
Do come to my birthday party please. 請一定來參加我的生日宴會。
I did go there. 我確實去那兒了。
I do miss you. 我確實想你。我真想你了!
Never did I hear of such a thing. 我從未聽說過這樣的事情。
Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English.
只有在開始大學生活時我們才認識到英語的重要性。
說明: 引導此類倒裝句的副詞有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。
---- Do you like Beijing? --你喜歡北京嗎?
---- Yes, I do. --是的,喜歡。(do用作代動詞,代替like Beijing.)
He knows how to drive a car, doesn't he?
他知道如何開車,對吧?
may用於所有人稱的現在時及將來時句子中。
might用於所有人稱的過去時及條件句中。
否定形式:may not/mayn't,might not/mightn't
疑問式:may I?might I?等
否定疑問式:may I not?/mayn't I?等
表示許可的may的其他形式可用allow,be allowed的相應形式代替。
may後面接不帶to的不定式(即動詞原形)。
can用於所有人稱的現在時及將來時的句子中。
could用於所有人稱的過去時及條件句中。
否定式:can not/can't,could not/couldn't
疑問式:can I?could I?等
否定疑問式:can I not?/can't I?could I not?/couldn't I?等
表示許可的can的其他形式可用於allow,be allowded的相應形式代替。
can與不帶to的不定式連用。
- I shall study harder at English. 我將更加努力地學習英語。
- He will go to Shanghai. 他要去上海。
- He shall come. 他必須來。(shall有命令的意味。)
- He will come. 他要來。(will只與動詞原形構成一般將來時。)
- shall I turn on the light?
要開燈嗎?( 我把燈打開好嗎?) - shall he come to see you?
他要不要來看你
- I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.
我昨天給他打電話,問他我下周乾什麼。
- We would have finished our paper if we had been given five more minutes.
假如再有5分鐘,我們就答完試卷了。