內容簡介
1617年Samuel Purchas在他的書中描述,Xanadu是呼必烈大汗莊嚴的宮殿,有十六英里寬,旗幟飄揚,野獸追逐,豪華的宮殿遠遠相對。1816年,柯立芝發表的這首新詩《呼必烈汗》,從此奠定"Xanadu"在西方文學上的象徵意義。
1927年,約翰·利文斯通·洛斯(John Livingston Lowes)出版《仙那度之路》“The Road to Xanadu: A Study in the Ways of the Imagination”,是一本博學又有偵探風味,頗有超文字概念的書。戴維·洛克菲勒在《三位令人難忘的教授》寫道: “同年,我又學了約翰·利文斯通·洛斯教授的課:柯立芝(Samuel Taylor Coleridge)和
華茲華斯(William Wordsworth)的詩歌。這門課中最激動人心的部分是柯立芝的兩首偉大的詩作《古舟子詠》(The Rime of the Ancient Mariner)和《
忽必烈汗》(Kubla Khan)。……”
1965年,泰德·尼爾森(Ted Nelson)將他發起的超文字構想,依柯立芝的詩命名為“
仙那度計畫”(Project Xanadu),因為他認為仙那度是“一個記憶永遠不會被遺忘的神奇地方”。奧森·威爾斯(Orson Welles)著名的電影《大國民》(Citizen Kane)也將主角的豪宅命名為Xanadu。
1980年,好萊塢發行一部電影名為《Xanadu》。之後,歌手演唱以Xanadu為名的歌曲,小說家以Xanadu的故事為靈感的來源……
隨著發明WWW的提姆‧伯納斯李在他風靡全球的新書《一千零一網》提到泰德‧
尼爾森跟仙那度計畫,可預知的是,Xanadu將成為網路烏托邦理想的代名詞,繼續在網路上流傳。
英文原版
Xanadu—Kubla Khan
by Samuel Taylor Coleridge
In Xanadu did Kubla Khan
A stately pleasure-dome decree:
Where Alph, the sacred river, ran
Through caverns measureless to man
Down to a sunless sea.
So twice five miles of fertile ground
With walls and towers were girdled round:
And there were gardens bright with sinuous rills,
Where blossomed many an incense-bearing tree;
And here were forests ancient as the hills,
Enfolding sunny spots of greenery.
But oh! that deep romantic chasm which slanted
Down the green hill athwart a cedarn cover!
A savage place! as holy and enchanted
As e'er beneath a waning moon was haunted
By woman wailing for her demon-lover!
And from this chasm, with ceaseless turmoil seething,
As if this earth in fast thick pants were breathing,
A mighty fountain momently was forced:
Amid whose swift half-intermitted burst
Huge fragments vaulted like rebounding hail,
Or chaffy grain beneath the thresher's flail:
And 'mid these dancing rocks at once and ever
It flung up momently the sacred river.
Five miles meandering with a mazy motion
Through wood and dale the sacred river ran,
Then reached the caverns measureless to man,
And sank in tumult to a lifeless ocean:
And 'mid this tumult Kubla heard from far
Ancestral voices prophesying war!
The shadow of the dome of pleasure
Floated midway on the waves;
Where was heard the mingled measure
From the fountain and the caves.
It was a miracle of rare device,
A sunny pleasure-dome with caves of ice!
A damsel with a dulcimer
In a vision once I saw:
It was an Abyssinian maid,
And on her dulcimer she played,
Singing of Mount Abora.
Could I revive within me
Her symphony and song,
To such a deep delight 'twould win me
That with music loud and long
I would build that dome in air,
That sunny dome! those caves of ice!
And all who heard should see them there,
And all should cry, Beware! Beware!
His flashing eyes, his floating hair!
Weave a circle round him thrice,
And close your eyes with holy dread,
For he on honey-dew hath fed
And drunk the milk of Paradise.
漢譯
忽必列汗
薩繆爾·柯勒律治
忽必烈汗在上都造建
富麗堂皇的穹頂宮殿:
伴有聖河阿爾佛
穿過深不可測的岩洞
一直流入無光之海
方圓十里的沃土
有城牆和堡壘環繞:
絢爛的花園,蜿蜒的溪流
繁花綻放,枝頭芬芳
樹林像山巒一樣古老
環擁陽光照耀的草地
啊,那鬼斧神工的巨壑
沿著濃密的雪松向青山傾斜
神聖而神秘的蠻荒之地
有女人在閉月里常出沒
為惡魔的冤魂哀哭
巨壑下沸騰的泉水翻滾
好像大地急促的喘息聲
巨泉匯聚
騰到半空中噴發
巨石翻騰,似冰雹而墜
又如穀粒在連枷的打穀機里翻動
這些翻騰的巨石
有時迸進聖河,也會被掀高
蜿蜒了五里錯綜複雜的聖河
流過了峽谷和森林
到達深不可測的岩洞
喧囂的沉入無光之海
喧囂中忽必烈汗遠遠的聽到
祖先預言的戰爭
穹頂宮殿的倒影
在波浪中搖曳
噴泉與岩洞碰撞
構成一首和諧韻律
確是罕見的景象啊
有富麗堂皇的宮殿和寒氣逼人的冰穴
夢境中我看見
手拿揚琴的姑娘
那是阿比西尼亞少女
她邊彈奏樂曲
邊吟唱阿伯若山
倘若我心底也能
唱出有節奏的樂曲
那感覺似飄飄欲仙
只需那響亮而悠揚的樂曲
就能在空中造建宮殿
富麗堂皇的宮殿和寒氣逼人的冰穴
只要聽見了樂曲,都能見這宮殿
大家都將高呼:“當心!當心!
他炯亮的眼睛,飄揚的長髮