libnet

libnet

libnet是一個小型的接口函式館,主要用C語言寫成,提供了低層網路數據包的構造、處理和傳送功能。libnet的開發目的是:建立一個簡單統一的網路編程接口以禁止不同作業系統底層網路編程的差別,使得程式設計師將精力集中在解決關鍵問題上。

libnet,接口函式及其功能,記憶體管理函式,地址解析函式,數據包構造函式,數據包傳送函式,相關的支持函式,

libnet

它的主要特點是:
高層接口:libnet主要用C語言寫成
可移植性:libnet目前可以在Linux、FreeBSD、Solaris、WindowsNT等作業系統上運行,並且提供了統一的接口
數據包構造:libnet提供了一系列的TCP/IP數據報文構造函式以方便用戶使用
數據包的處理:libnet提供了一系列的輔助函式,利用這些輔助函式,幫助用戶簡化那些煩瑣的事務性的編程工作
數據包傳送:libnet允許用戶在兩種不同的數據包傳送方法中選擇。
另外libnet允許程式獲得對數據包的絕對的控制,其中一些是傳統的網路程式接口所不提供的。這也是
libnet的魅力之一。
libnet支持TCP/IP協定族中的多種協定,
比如其上一個版本libnet1.0支持了10種協定,
一些新的協定,比如對IPV6的支持還在開發之中。
libnet目前最新的版本是1.1.2.1版本,
在該版本中,作者將這些函式做了進一步的封裝,
用戶的使用步驟也得到了進一步的簡化。
記憶體的初始化、管理、釋放等以及校驗和的計算等函式,
在默認情況下,都無須用戶直接干預,使得libnet的使用更為方便。
作者還提供了基於老版本的應用程式移植到新版本上的方法指導。
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libnet庫的1.0.0版本,共約7600行C原始碼,33個源程式檔案,12個C頭檔案
,50餘個自定義函式,提供的接口函式包含15種數據包生成器和兩種數據包傳送器(IP層
數據鏈路層)。目前只支持IPv4,不支持IPv6。已經過測試的系統平台包括:
* OpenBSD 2.6snap, 2.5, 2.4, 2.3, 2.2 (i386)
* FreeBSD 4.0-STABLE, 3.3-STABLE, 3.2-RELEASE, 3.1-CURRENT, 3.0, 2.2 (i386)
* NetBSD 1.3.2 (i386)
* BSD/OS 3.x (i386)
* BSDi 3.0 (i386)
* Linux 2.2.x, 2.0.3x, 2.1.124 (i386, alpha) (libc: 2.4.x, glibc: 2.0.x)
* Solaris 7 (SPARC, gcc 2.7.2[13], 2.8.2), 2.6 (SPARC, gcc 2.8.2),
2.5.x (SPARC, gcc 2.7.2[13])
* IRIX 6.2
* MacOS 5.3rhapsody (powerpc)
libnet提供的接口函式按其作用可分為四類:
* 記憶體管理(分配和釋放)函式
* 地址解析函式
* 數據包構造函式
* 數據包傳送函式

接口函式及其功能

以下分別列出這些接口函式及其功能(其參數含義簡單易懂,不再解釋):

記憶體管理函式

單數據包記憶體初始化:
int libnet_init_packet(u_short packet_size, u_char **buf);
單數據包記憶體釋放:
void libnet_destroy_packet(u_char **buf);
多數據包記憶體初始化:
int libnet_init_packet_arena(struct libnet_arena **arena,
u_short packet_num, u_short packet_size);
訪問多數據包記憶體中的下一個數據包:
u_char *libnet_next_packet_from_arena(struct libnet_arena **arena,
u_short packet_size);
多數據包記憶體釋放:
void libnet_destroy_packet_arena(struct libnet_arena **arena);

地址解析函式

解析主機名
u_char *libnet_host_lookup(u_long ip, u_short use_name);
解析主機名(可重入函式):
void libnet_host_lookup_r(u_long ip, u_short use_name, u_char *buf);
域名解析:
u_long libnet_name_resolve(u_char *ip, u_short use_name);
獲取接口設備IP位址:
u_long libnet_get_ipaddr(struct libnet_link_int *l,
const u_char *device, const u_char *ebuf);
獲取接口設備硬體地址:
struct ether_addr *libnet_get_hwaddr(struct libnet_link_int *l,
const u_char *device,
const u_char *ebuf);

數據包構造函式

ARP協定數據包:
int libnet_build_arp(u_short hrdw, u_short prot, u_short h_len,
u_short p_len, u_short op, u_char *s_ha,
u_char *s_pa, u_char *t_ha, u_char *t_pa,
const u_char *payload, int payload_len,
u_char *packet_buf);
DNS協定數據包:
int libnet_build_dns(u_short id, u_short flags, u_short num_q,
u_short num_answ_rr, u_short num_auth_rr,
u_short num_add_rr, const u_char * payload,
int payload_len, u_char *packet_buf);
乙太網協定數據包:
int libnet_build_ethernet(u_char *daddr, u_char *saddr, u_short id,
const u_char *payload, int payload_len,
u_char *packet_buf);
ICMP協定數據包(ICMP_ECHO / ICMP_ECHOREPLY):
int libnet_build_icmp_echo(u_char type, u_char code, u_short id,
u_short seq, const u_char *payload,
int payload_len, u_char *packet_buf);
ICMP協定數據包(ICMP_MASKREQ / ICMP_MASKREPLY):
int libnet_build_icmp_mask(u_char type, u_char code, u_short id,
u_short seq, u_long mask,
const u_char *payload, int payload_len,
u_char *packet_buf);
ICMP協定數據包(ICMP_UNREACH):
int libnet_build_icmp_unreach(u_char type, u_char code,
u_short orig_len, u_char orig_tos,
u_short orig_id, u_short orig_frag,
u_char orig_ttl, u_char orig_prot,
u_long orig_saddr, u_long orig_daddr,
const u_char *payload, int payload_len,
u_char *packet_buf);
ICMP協定數據包(ICMP_TIMEXCEED):
int libnet_build_icmp_timeexceed(u_char type, u_char code,
u_short orig_len, u_char orig_tos,
u_short orig_id, u_short orig_frag,
u_char orig_ttl, u_char orig_prot,
u_long orig_saddr, u_long orig_daddr,
const u_char *payload, int payload_len,
u_char *packet_buf);
ICMP協定數據包(ICMP_REDIRECT):
int libnet_build_icmp_redirect(u_char type, u_char code, u_long gateway,
u_short orig_len, u_char orig_tos,
u_short orig_id, u_short orig_frag,
u_char orig_ttl, u_char orig_prot,
u_long orig_saddr, u_long orig_daddr,
const u_char *payload, int payload_len,
u_char *packet_buf);
ICMP協定數據包(ICMP_TSTAMP / ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY):
int libnet_build_icmp_timestamp(u_char type, u_char code, u_short id,
u_short seq, n_time otime, n_time rtime,
n_time ttime, const u_char *payload,
int payload_len, u_char *packet_buf);
IGMP協定數據包:
int libnet_build_igmp(u_char type, u_char code, u_long ip,
const u_char *payload, int payload_len,
u_char *packet_buf);
IP協定數據包:
int libnet_build_ip(u_short len, u_char tos, u_short ip_id, u_short frag,
u_char ttl, u_char protocol, u_long saddr,
u_long daddr, const u_char *payload, int payload_len,
u_char *packet_buf);
OSPF路由協定數據包:
int libnet_build_ospf(u_short len, u_char type, u_long router_id,
u_long area_id, u_short auth_type,
const char *payload, int payload_s, u_char *buf);
OSPF路由協定數據包(Hello):
int libnet_build_ospf_hello(u_long netmask, u_short interval,
u_char options, u_char priority,
u_int dead_interval, u_long des_router,
u_long backup, u_long neighbor,
const char *payload, int payload_s,
u_char *buf);
OSPF路由協定數據包(DataBase Description (DBD)):
int libnet_build_ospf_dbd(u_short len, u_char options, u_char type,
u_int sequence_num, const char *payload,
int payload_s, u_char *buf);
OSPF路由協定數據包(Link State Request (LSR)):
int libnet_build_ospf_lsr(u_int type, u_int ls_id, u_long adv_router,
const char *payload, int payload_s,
u_char *buf);
OSPF路由協定數據包(Link State Update (LSU)):
int libnet_build_ospf_lsu(u_int num, const char *payload,
int payload_s, u_char *buf);
OSPF路由協定數據包(Link State Acknowledgement (LSA)):
int libnet_build_ospf_lsa(u_short age, u_char options, u_char type,
u_int ls_id, u_long adv_router,
u_int sequence_num, u_short len,
const char *payload, int payload_s,
u_char *buf);
OSPF路由協定數據包(OSPF Link Sate NetworkLink State Router):
int libnet_build_ospf_lsa_net(u_long netmask, u_int router_id,
const char *payload, int payload_s,
u_char *buf);
OSPF路由協定數據包(Link State Router):
int libnet_build_ospf_lsa_rtr(u_short flags, u_short num, u_int id,
u_int data, u_char type, u_char tos,
u_short metric, const char *payload,
int payload_s, u_char *buf);
OSPF路由協定數據包(Link State Summary):
int libnet_build_ospf_lsa_sum(u_long netmask, u_int metric, u_int tos,
const char *payload, int payload_s,
u_char *buf);
OSPF路由協定數據包(Link State AS External):
int libnet_build_ospf_lsa_as(u_long netmask, u_int metric,
u_long fwd_addr, u_int tag,
const char *payload, int payload_s,
u_char *buf);
RIP路由協定數據包:
int libnet_build_rip(u_char cmd, u_char ver, u_short domain,
u_short addr_fam, u_short route_tag, u_long ip,
u_long mask, u_long next_hop, u_long metric,
const u_char *payload, int payload_len,
u_char *packet_buf);
TCP協定數據包:
int libnet_build_tcp(u_short th_sport, u_short th_dport, u_long th_seq,
u_long th_ack, u_char th_flags, u_short th_win,
u_short th_urg, const u_char *payload,
int payload_len, u_char *packet_buf);
UDP協定數據包:
int libnet_build_udp(u_short sport, u_short dport, const u_char *payload,
int payload_len, u_char *packet_buf);
IP協定數據包選項:
int libnet_insert_ipo(struct ipoption *opt, u_char opt_len,
u_char *packet_buf);
TCP協定數據包選項:
int libnet_insert_tcpo(struct tcpoption *opt, u_char opt_len,
u_char *packet_buf);

數據包傳送函式

打開raw socket:
int libnet_open_raw_sock(int protocol);
關閉raw socket:
int libnet_close_raw_sock(int socket);
選擇接口設備:
int libnet_select_device(struct sockaddr_in *sin,
u_char **device, u_char *ebuf);
打開鏈路層接口設備:
struct libnet_link_int *libnet_open_link_interface(char *device,
char *ebuf);
關閉鏈路層接口設備:
int libnet_close_link_interface(struct libnet_link_int *l);
傳送IP數據包:
int libnet_write_ip(int socket, u_char *packet, int packet_size);
傳送鏈路層數據包
int libnet_write_link_layer(struct libnet_link_int *l,
const u_char *device, u_char *packet,
int packet_size);
檢驗和計算:
int libnet_do_checksum(u_char *packet, int protocol, int packet_size);

相關的支持函式

隨機數種子生成器:
int libnet_seed_prand();
獲取隨機數:
u_long libnet_get_prand(int modulus);
16進制數據輸出
void libnet_hex_dump(u_char * buf, int len, int swap, FILE *stream);
連線埠列表鏈初始化:
int libnet_plist_chain_new(struct libnet_plist_chain **plist,
char *token_list);
獲取連線埠列表鏈的下一項(連線埠範圍):
int libnet_plist_chain_next_pair(struct libnet_plist_chain *plist,
u_short *bport, u_short *eport);
連線埠列表鏈輸出顯示:
int libnet_plist_chain_dump(struct libnet_plist_chain *plist);
獲取連線埠列表鏈:
u_char *libnet_plist_chain_dump_string(struct libnet_plist_chain *plist);
連線埠列表鏈記憶體釋放:
void libnet_plist_chain_free(struct libnet_plist_chain *plist);

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