內容提要
本教材主要是根據高等院校國際經濟與貿易專業《WTO法律規則》雙語課程教學的要求而編寫,兼顧了法學專業、商務英語、國際金融等專業相關課程教學的需要,同時也可以作為社會各界,特別是與WTO業務相關或對WTO業務感興趣的專業人士,訓練使用英語研究WTO有關法律檔案,閱讀WTO英文原著文章,用英文處理WTO實際問題的精讀材料;可以作為WTO各類專業人才系列培訓、研討活動的教材或參考資料,以及WTO法律英語愛好者的自學教材。本書在內容體系上,既考慮了世界貿易組織(WTO)概論課程的特點,又努力滿足WTO法律規則與實務課程的需要,試圖找到介紹WTO概況與探討其法律制度的某種平衡,因此是一個探討和嘗試。本書的編寫得到了華東政法大學、復旦大學、上海外國語大學、上海財經大學、上海外貿學院、上海金融學院等高校、研究機構的專家學者的大力支持,在此表示衷心感謝。同時,在本書編寫過程中,我們參考了大量的國內外中英文的論著、教材等學術文獻,以及WTO官方網站的公開資訊,鑒於本書教材性質,引注或者掛一漏萬,在此向廣大專家學者表示衷心感謝。
圖書目錄
Content
Chapter One Theoretical Basis of the WTO
1.1 The Theory of Comparative Advantage
1.1.1 Basics of the Theory
1.1.2 Historical Overview
1.1.3 David Ricardo's Numerical Example
1.1.4 The Ricardian Model — Assumptions and Results
1.2 The Theory of Market Economy
1.2.1 Spontaneous Order or “Invisible Hand”
1.2.2 Free Market Economy
1.2.3 Government Intervention
1.2.4 Criticism of Market Economy
1.3 The Theory of Sustainable Development
1.3.1 Scope and Definitions
1.3.2 History of Sustainable Development as a Policy Concept
1.3.3 The Earth Summit and Environmental Sustainability
1.3.4 WTO and Sustainable Development
CASE STUDY
CS 1.1 True Meaning and Intuition of the Theory of Comparative Advantage
CS 1.2 Chinas Market Economy Status (MES)
Chapter Two Development of the WTO
2.1 Basics of the WTO
2.1.1 The WTO in Brief
2.1.2 The Multilateral Trading System
2.1.3 The GATT Years: from Havana to Marrakesh
2.2 Development of the WTO
2.2.1 The 1947 GATT Agreement
2.2.2 GATT Multilateral Trade Negotiation Meetings
2.2.3 Uruguay Round and the World Trade Organization
2.3 The Organization of the WTO
2.3.1 Introduction to WTO Organization
2.3.2 WTO Organization Chart
2.3.3 Membership, Alliances and Bureaucracy
2.3.4 The Secretariat Chart
2.3.5 Special Policies
2.4 China and WTO
2.4.1 Chinas WTO Entry
2.4.2 The RightandDuty Balance in the WTO
CASE STUDY
CS 2.1 Doha Development Round
Chapter Three Basic Principles of the WTO
3.1 Reciprocity
3.1.1 Two Folds of Reciprocity
3.1.2 WTO Rules of Reciprocity
3.1.3 Theoretical Interpretation of Reciprocity
3.2 Nondiscrimination
3.2.1 Mostfavourednation (MFN)
3.2.2 National Treatment:Treating Foreigners and Locals Equally
3.3 Liberalization of Trade
3.3.1 Liberalization for Goods
3.3.2 Liberalization for Services
3.3.3 Limits to Liberalization
3.4 Transparency
3.4.1 Introduction to Transparency
3.4.2 Publication and Administration of Trade Regulations
3.4.3 Transparency Rules for GATS
3.4.4 Transparency Rules for TRIPS
3.4.5 Trade Policy Review Mechanism (“TPRM”)
CASE STUDY
CS 3.1 MFN Exception: Promotion of Regional IntergrationCustom Unions111
CS 3.2 National Treatment
Chapter Four Trade in Goods
4.1 Basics of Trade in Goods
4.1.1 GATT 1994
4.1.2 Interpretation of GATT 1994 Articles
4.1.3 Basic Principles of the GATT 1947/1994
4.2 Tariff Concessions
4.2.1 Tariffs: More Bindings and Closer to Zero
4.2.2 Tariff Cuts
4.2.3 More Bindings
4.2.4 Tariffs and Agriculture
4.3 Nontariff Measures
4.3.1 Standards and Safety
4.3.2 Import Licensing: Keeping Procedures Clear
4.3.3 Rules for the Naluation of Goods at Customs
4.3.4 Preshipment Inspection: a Further Check on Imports
4.3.5 Rules of Origin
4.3.6 Investment Measures: Reducing Trade Distortions
4.4 Trade in Specific Products
4.4.1 Textiles and Clothing
4.4.2 Information Technology Agreement
CASE STUDY
CS 4.1 Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
CS 4.2 Safeguard
Chapter Five Agriculture Agreement
5.1 Basics of Trade in Agriculture
5.1.1 New Rules
5.1.2 Market Access
5.1.3 Domestic Support
5.1.4 Export Subsidies: Limits on Spending and Quantities
5.1.5 The Leastdeveloped and Those Depending on Food Imports
5.2 Understanding the Agriculture Agreement
5.2.1 Introduction
5.2.2 Market Access
5.2.3 Domestic Support
5.2.4 Export Competition/Subsidies
5.2.5 Other Issues
5.2.6 Net FoodImporting Developing Countries
5.2.7 Summary
5.3 The Agriculture Negotiations
5.3.1 The Doha Mandate
5.3.2 The Current Negotiations
CASE STUDY
CS 5.1 apan — Import Quotas on Dried Laver and Seasoned Laver (DS323)
CS 5.2 European Communities — Protection of Trademarks and Geographical Indications for Agricultural Products and Foodstuffs (DS174, 290)
Chapter Six Trade Remedy Measures
6.1 Safeguards
6.1.1 Safeguards: Emergency Actions for Imports of Particular Products
6.1.2 Conditions to Apply Safeguards
6.1.3 Summary of Safeguards
6.2 Subsidies and Countervailing Duties
6.2.1 Article XVI Subsidies
6.2.2 Types of Subsidies
6.2.3 GATT — Subsidies and Countervailing Duties
6.2.4 Countervailing Measures
6.2.5 Summary
6.3 AntiDumping and AntiDumping Duties
6.3.1 Article VI AntiDumping and AntiDumping Duties
6.3.2 Determination of Dumping
6.3.3 Summary on Dumping and AntiDumping Measures
6.4 Escape Clauses: General and Security
6.4.1 Article XX: General
6.4.2 Article XXI: Security
CASE STUDY
CS 6.1 AntiDumping — Like Product
CS 6.2 Escape Clause
Chapter Seven Trade in Services
7.1 Basics of Trade in Services
7.1.1 Definition of Trade in Services
7.1.2 Main Purpose of the GATS
7.1.3 Basic Principles
7.1.4 GATS Annexes
7.2 Understanding the GATS
7.2.1 A Summary of GATS
7.2.2 Liberalization of Trade in Services
7.2.3 Structure of the GATS
7.2.4 Legal Rules of GATS
7.3 Trade in Financial Services
7.3.1 Decision on Financial Services
7.3.2 Understanding on Commitments in Financial Services
CASE STUDY
CS 7.1 The United States — Measures Affecting the CrossBorder Supply of Gambling and Betting Services (WT/DS285)
CS 7.2 Canada — Certain Measures Concerning Periodicals (DS31)
Chapter Eight Intellectual Property Rights
8.1 Basics of Intellectual Property Rights
8.1.1 Definition of Intellectual Property Rights
8.1.2 Acquitisition of Intellectual Property Rights
8.1.3 Transfer of Intellectual Property
8.1.4 Licensing Agreement
8.2 The TRIPS Agreement
8.2.1 Main Features of the Agreement
8.2.2 Certain General Provisions
8.2.3 Geographical Indications
8.3 Standards of Protection
8.3.1 Copyright and Related Rights
8.3.2 Trademarks
8.3.3 Geographical Indications
8.3.4 Industrial Designs
8.3.5 Patents
8.3.6 LayoutDesigns of Integrated Circuits
8.3.7 Protection of Undisclosed Information
8.3.8 Control of AntiCompetitive Practices in Contractual Licences
8.4 International Protection of Intellectual Property Rights
8.4.1 International Institutions
8.4.2 Bilateral Agreements
8.4.3 Multilateral Comprehensive Conventions
8.4.4 TRIPS Agreement
CASE STUDY
CS 8.1 India — Patent Protection for Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Chemical Products (DS50)
CS 8.2 European Communities —Protection of Trademarks and Geographical Indications for Agricultural Products
Foodstuffs (WT/DS174, 290)
Chapter Nine Other New Issues of the WTO
9.1 Trade and Environment
9.1.1 Trade and Environment in the WTO
9.1.2 WTO Rules and Environmental Policies
9.1.3 Related Work in the WTO
9.1.4 Trade and Climate Change
9.2 Labor Standards and the WTO
9.2.1 Introduction
9.2.2 Definition and Scope of Labor Standards
9.2.3 Effects of Labor Standard
9.2.4 An Alternative Route
9.2.5 Conclusions
9.3 Trade and Competition Policy
9.3.1 Interaction Between Trade and Competition Policy
9.3.2 Investment and Competition
9.3.3 Working Group on the Interaction Between Trade andCompetition Policy (WGTCP)
CASE STUDY
CS 9.1 The TunaDolphin Dispute
CS 9.2 The United States — Import Prohibition of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products
Chapter Ten Procedural Rules of the WTO
10.1 DecisionMaking Mechanism
10.1.1 DecisionMaking: Article IX of the WTO Agreement
10.1.2 Amendments: Article X of the WTO Agreements 10.1.3 Accession to the WTO and NonApplication: Article XII and Article III
10.1.4 The WTO in Global Economic PolicyMaking
10.2 Trade Policy Review
10.2.1 General Introduction
10.2.2 Trade Policy Reviews and Transparency
10.2.3 Trade Policy Review Mechanism
10.3 Dispute Settlement Mechanism
10.3.1 Introduction to the DSM of the WTO
10.3.2 Practices of Dispute Settlement
10.3.3 The Panel Process
10.3.4 More about the Dispute Settlement Procedure
CASE STUDY
CS 10.1 WTO Step by Step in the Settling of Disputes
CS 10.2 The U.S. and Venezuela Case — Timetable in Practice
CS 10.3 An Example of Dispute Settlement Documents
Annex I Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization
Annex II Protocol on the Accession of the People's Republic of China
Bibliography