ADV.,英語中副詞詞性的簡寫形式，全稱adverb，常用於修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等。
基本介紹
- 中文名：副詞
- 外文名：adverb
- 名詞解釋：表示動作的特徵
- 作用：用來修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞
- 分類：7類
- 中文意思：副詞
用法,分類,位置,形式,基本用法,兩種形式,特殊表達,可修飾詞,中文副詞,
用法
說明時間，地點，程度，方式等概念
副詞在句中可作狀語,表語,短語。
He works hard.
他工作努力。
You speak English quite well.
你英語講的很好。
Is she in ?
她在家嗎?
Let's be out.
讓我們出去吧。
Food here is hard to get.
這兒很難弄到食物。
分類
1)時間和頻度副詞:
now,then,often,always,usually,early,today, lately, next,last,already,generally,frequently, seldom,ever,never,yet,soon,too, immediately, hardly,finally,shortly, before, ago,sometimes, yesterday.
2)地點副詞:
here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on.
3)方式副詞:
carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly
4)程度副詞:
much,little, very,rather,so,too,still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely,almost, slightly,not.
5)疑問副詞:
how, when, where, why.
6)關係副詞:
when, where, why.
7)連線副詞:
how, when, where, why, whether.
位置
1) 多數副詞都可以放在動詞的後面,如果動詞帶有賓語,副詞就放在賓語後面。
I get up early in the morning everyday.
我每天早早起床。
He gave me a gift yesterday.
他昨天給了我一件禮物。
She didn't drink water enough.
她沒喝夠水。
The train goes fast.
火車跑得快。
We can go to this school freely.
我們可以免費到這家學校學習。
They lived a life hardly then.
當時他們的生活很艱難。
He has a new hat today.
他今天戴了一頂新帽子。
I have seen this film twice with my friends.
這部電影我和朋友看過兩次。
2) 副詞修飾形容詞,副詞時,副詞在前面,而被修飾的詞在後面。
It's rather easy, I can do it.
這很容易,我能做到。
He did it quite well.
他做得相當好。
It's rather difficult to tell who is right.
很難說誰是對的。
It's much better.
好多了。
3) 頻度副詞可放在實義動詞的前面,情態動詞和助動詞的後面。
I often help him these days.
這些日子我經常幫助他。
I always remember the day when I first came
to this school.
我常常記得我第一次來學校的那一天。
You mustn't always help me.
你不能老是幫助我。
He seldom comes to see us.
他很少來看我們。
We usually go shopping once a week.
我們通常一周買一次東西。
The new students don't always go to dance.
新學生並不時常去跳舞。
4) 疑問副詞,連線副詞,關係副詞以及修飾整個句子的副詞,通常放在句子或從句的前面。
When do you study everyday?
你每天什麼時間學習?
Can you tell me how you did it?
你能告訴我你如何做的嗎?
First, let me ask you some questions.
先讓我來問幾個問題。
How much does this bike cost?
這輛車子多少錢？
Either you go or he comes.
不是你去就是他來。
The students were reading when the teacher came into the classroom.
當老師進教室時，學生們正在讀書。
5) 時間副詞和地點副詞在一個句中, 地點副詞在前面時間副詞在後面。
We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 o'clock yesterday.
昨天九點鐘我們到超市買東西了.
What were you doing in the classroom yesterday afternoon?
昨天下午你在教室里乾什麼？
The accident took place in the Eleven Avenue one hour ago.
一小時前十一號大街發生了一場事故。
形式
副詞比較級和最高級的變化形式與形容詞基本上一樣
一般 副詞
hard→harder →hardest
fast→faster →fastest
late→later →latest
early→earlier →earliest
特殊 副詞
well →better →best
much →more →most
badly →worse →worst
little →less →least 但是，開放類副詞即以後綴?ly結尾的副詞不能像形容詞那樣加?er或?est，如
quickly →more quickly →most quickly
quietly →more quietly →most quietly
〔注〕： early中的ly不是後綴，故可以把y變i再加er和est
副詞和形容詞一樣,也有它的比較級和最高級形式. 可以參考形容詞的變換形式。但以詞尾 -ly 結尾的副詞（除 early ）須用 more 和 most 。
hard harder hardest
fast faster fastest
early earlier earliest
much more most
warmly more warmly most warmly
單音節副詞的比較級是在副詞後面加上 -er 構成的，最高級是在副詞後面加上 -est 構成的。
near nearer nearest
hard harder hardest
多音節副詞的比較級是在副詞的前面加上 -more 構成的。 最高級是在副詞前面加上 -most 構成的。
warmly more warmly most warmly
successfully more successfully most successfully
有些副詞的比較級和最高級形式是不規則的。
well-better - best little - less - least
Much- more - most badly - worse - worst
far-farther(further)-farthest(furthest)
副詞的比較級和最高級用法同形容詞的比較級用法基本一樣。 最高級形式句中 the 可以省略。
He works harder than I.
他比我工作努力。
Lucy gets up earlier than Lili.
露西比麗麗起床早。
He runs fastest in our class.
他在我們班跑地最快。
He dives deeper than his teammates.
他比他的隊員潛水深。
It's true that he speak English more fluently than any of us.
他英語講的確實比我們任何人都好。
Our school team play football best in our region.
我們校隊在我們地區足球踢得最好的。
基本用法
一、原級比較的基本用法
1. 原級比較由“as+形容詞或副詞(或再加名詞或短語)+as ”構成“原級相同”比較句，表示兩者比較；其否定式，即“程度不及”比較句型為“not so(as) +形容詞或副詞+as”，而且as…as結構前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等表示程度的詞修飾
1) Walking briskly for thirty minutes will burn as many calories as .
〔A〕 to run for fifteen minutes
〔B〕 running for fifteen minutes
〔C〕 you run for fifteen minutes
〔D〕 fifteen?minute walking
2) The gorilla(大猩猩)， while 〔A〕 not quite as curious than 〔B〕 the chimpanzee(黑猩猩)， shows more persistence 〔C〕 and memory retention(記憶力) in solving 〔D〕 a problem.
3) Alaska is twice 〔A〕 as larger 〔B〕 as 〔C〕 the next largest 〔D〕 state， Texas.
2. “as (so)+名詞+as+名詞”進行名詞比較，這時一般情況下有一個表示原級的比較詞，但如果第一名詞前出現了形容詞修飾該詞或出現副詞修飾謂語，應當用so而不用as
4) Thomas Jefferson’s achievements as an architect rival his contributions a politician.
〔A〕 such
〔B〕 more
〔C〕 as
〔D〕 than
5) I should say Henry is not much a writer as a reporter. (88年考題)
〔A〕 that
〔B〕 so
〔C〕 this
〔D〕 as
二、比較級
1. 比較級由“形容詞(副詞)比較級+than+…，”構成表示在兩者中間一方比另一方“更加…”。連詞than後可接句子，也可接名詞、代詞、名詞短語、介詞短語、動詞、動詞不定式、?ING結構和?ED結構，有時也可省去than。
6) Natural mica(雲母) of 〔A〕 a superior 〔B〕 quality is cheapest 〔C〕 to obtain than synthetic 〔D〕 mica.
7) She is older than .
〔A〕 any other girl in the group
〔B〕 any girl in the group
〔C〕 all girls in the group
〔D〕 you and me as well as the group
8) Josephine McCrackin joined 〔A〕 the “Santa Cruz Sentinel” in 1905 and， until her death fifteen years late 〔B〕 ， remained 〔C〕 active in journalistic 〔D〕 work.
2. 注意than前後兩項相比較的人或事物要一致
9) The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than .
〔A〕 ours
〔B〕 with us
〔C〕 for ours it had
〔D〕 it did for us
10) Sound travels air.
〔A〕 faster through water than through 〔B〕 faster than through water and
〔C〕 through water faster and〔D〕 where it is faster through water than through
11) Gerbrand von den Feckhout， one of Rembrand’s pupils， followed 〔A〕 the style of his teacher so implicitly that 〔B〕 his paintings 〔C〕 are sometimes confused with his master 〔D〕 .
三、最高級
1. 最高級用於三者以上比較，形容詞的結構形式是“定冠詞+形容詞最高級+名詞+表示範圍的短語或從句”(如all, of all, of the tree, in the world, that has ever taken place等)
12) The more 〔A〕 fearsome of all the 〔B〕 animals in 〔C〕 the Western 〔D〕 Hemisphere is the grizzly bear.
13) Of all economic 〔A〕 problems， inflation continues to be 〔B〕 a 〔C〕 most significant in its daily impact on 〔D〕 people and business.
14) ， the most familiar to general public is the criminal jurisdiction.
〔A〕 All the activities
〔B〕 The activities
〔C〕 Of all the activities
〔D〕 It is the activities
2. 副詞的最高級與形容詞最高級的區別在於最高級前沒有定冠詞the
兩種形式
1) close與closely
close意思是"近"； closely 意思是"仔細地"
He is sitting close to me.
Watch him closely.
2) late 與lately
late意思是"晚"； lately 意思是"最近"
You have come too late.
What have you been doing lately?
3) deep與deeply
deep意思是"深"，表示空間深度；deeply時常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"
He pushed the stick deep into the mud.
Even father was deeply moved by the film.
4) high與highly
high表示空間高度；highly表示程度，相當於much
The plane was flying high.
I think highly of your opinion.
5) wide與widely
wide表示空間寬度；widely意思是"廣泛地"，"在許多地方"
He opened the door wide.
English is widely used in the world.
6) free與freely
free的意思是"免費"；freely 的意思是"無限制地"
You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.
You may speak freely; say what you like.
副詞有加a或ly的 區別在於通常加a 的副詞描述一種狀態，而加ly 的副詞則傾向於感覺。
特殊表達
一、形容詞與副詞的同級比較： 由“as(so)…as”引出，其否定式為“not so…”或“not as…as”,考生還應注意下列含有“as”結構或短語的句子
1. as such：表示上文所指明的事或人
He is a child,and must be treated as such. 他是個孩子，必須被當作孩子對待。
2. as much：表示“與…同量”
Take as much as you like. 拿多少都行。
I would gladly have paid twice as much for it. 就是價格再貴一倍，我也會願意把它買下的。
He as much as admitted the whole story. 他幾乎全部承認了。
3. as many：表示“與…一樣多”
I found six mistakes in as many lines. 我在六行中發現了六個錯。
二、表示“幾倍於”的比較級：用twice (兩倍)，four times (四倍)，ten times (十倍)加上as … as 結構
This one is four times as big as that one. 這個是那個的四倍大。(這個比那個大三倍。) / Our campus is three times as large as yours. 我們的校園比你們的大兩倍。 / He has books twice as many as she does. 他的書比她多一倍。
1) The five?year deal obligates 〔A〕 the country to buy nine million tons 〔B〕 of grain a year 〔C〕 ， three million more as 〔D〕 the old pact’s minimum.
三、“the same +名詞+as”表示同等比較
2) The lens of a camera performs the lens of the eye.
〔A〕 in the same function 〔B〕 the same function as
〔C〕 the function is the same as 〔D〕 and has the same function
3) The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would
have as the amount of money borrowed.
〔A〕 as the same value 〔B〕 the same value
〔C〕 value as the same 〔D〕 the value is the same
四、比較級前可用a little, a bit, slightly, a great deal, a lot,many, much等詞語表示不定量，far, completely,still表示程度或更進一步
4) There are now methods for studying color vision in infants than there once were.
〔A〕 more sophisticated than
〔B〕 much more sophisticated
〔C〕 much sophisticated
〔D〕 sophisticated
5) The photographs of Mars taken by satellite are than those taken from the Earth.
〔A〕 clearest
〔B〕 the clearest
〔C〕 much clearer
〔D〕 more clearer
6) Common porpoises(海豚) are usually not considered 〔A〕 migratory， although 〔B〕 some do move 〔C〕 to more warmer 〔D〕 waters in winter.
可修飾詞
1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等
2）還可以用表示倍數的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。
3）以上詞(除by far)外，必須置於比較級形容詞或副詞的前面。
典型例題:
1） ---- Are you feeling ____?
---- Yes，I'm fine now.
A. any well B. any better C. quite good
D. quite better
答案：B. any 可修飾比較級，quite修飾原級，well的比較級為better.
2）The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.
A. more B. much more C. much
D. more much
答案：C. much可修飾比較級，因此B，C都說得通，但easier本身已是比較級，不需more，因此C為正確答案。
3）If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.
A. the happiest time B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time D. a much happier time
答案：D。
中文副詞
副詞是一類用以修飾名詞以外詞語和整個句子的詞，修飾名詞的詞一般為形容詞。
一般而言中文在一個詞的後面加「的」使其成形容詞，加「地」使其成副詞。
以副詞修飾的句子舉例：「一隻非常小的蟲輕易地鑽進了那個洞穴里」，其中[非常]和[輕易]地為副詞，小為形容詞，蟲為主詞，鑽進為動詞，洞穴里指明前往地點。
一些問問題時的所用的詞，像如何、誰、何時、什麼等在某方面也可視為副詞。
副詞口訣：
副詞修飾動與形，範圍程度與時間。肯否估計與情態，語氣頻率用法全。
稍微沒有全都偏，簡直僅僅只永遠，已經曾經就竟然，將要立刻剛偶然，
漸漸終於決忽然，難道連續又再三，也許必須很非常，最太十分更馬上，
越極總挺常常再，屢次一定也不還。時名副名看加在，名前可加副不來。
前很後名都不行，單獨回答更不能。
