編號 | NFG-90-15 |
拉丁菌名 | Tricholoma quercicola Zang sp. nov. |
中文菌名 | 鐮孢刺皮 |
定名人 | 彭寅斌 胡新文 |
Nomencla | Zang Mu |
發表文章 | 刺皮屬的二個新種 |
Article | A Taxonomic and Geographic Study on the Song Rong (Matsutake) Group and Its Allied Species |
作者 | 胡新文 / 彭寅斌 |
Author | Zang Mu |
作者單位 | 長沙水電師範學院生物系, 長 沙 410077 / 湖南師範大學生物系, 長沙 410081 |
摘要 | 本文報導了銀耳目銀耳科刺皮屬的二個 新種, 黃色囊狀體刺皮(Heterochaete chryso-cystidiata Peng et X. W. Hu)和鐮孢刺皮 (Heterochaete falcato-sporifera Peng et X. W. Hu). 其形態特徵, 前者與中國刺皮(Heterochaete sinensis Teng)接近, 但 H.chrysocystidiata 具有黃色囊狀體 (chrysocystidia)且擔子和擔孢子均較大, 後者擔子, 擔 孢子的大小和形狀及擔子在子實層的排列方式頗接近 Bodman (1952)所描述的黑刺皮 H.nigerrima Vié gas.),但 H. falcato-sporifera 的子實體革質, 白色, 菌絲不具鎖狀聯合. 對這二個新種進行了漢文和拉丁文 描述. 所有新種的模式標本保藏於湖南師範大學真菌標 本室(MHHNU). |
Abstract | Song Rong Masutake, (Pine mushrion) group is the most favorite edible mushrooms in Eastern Asia, Tricholoma matsutake (Ito et Imai) Singer var. matsutakeis associated with pine forest and native to North Eastern and South Western China, it as well as in Japan and Korea. The Song Rong (Pine mushrooms) nomenclature and description has been one of the old traditional reference in China, as early as the Song Dynasty, a famous scholar named Tang Shen-Wei, who compiled " ReorganizedBen-Cao (Pen-Tsao)" (1802-1094 A. D.) in which, the Song Rong is contained. The Chinese "Song" pronounce =Pine, "Rong"=young pilose antler, the very name meaning the mushrooms associate with Pines, the young basidiocarp lookslike a young pilose antler, the later followed by Chen Rinyu "A Treatise on Fungi" 1245 A. d., who gives a more complete ecological and pharmaceutical discussions and point out, the Song Jun (Pine mushrooms) isapparently referred to Song Rong, which is generally referred to as a synonym. In addition to the above statement about the ancient nomenclature of Song Rong or Song Jun from China,simultaneously, there is a similar passage in later works by Japanese priest Kenko in his "Tsurezuregusa" (1330-31), he noted the Masutake (Japanese pronounce: Matsu orMasu) =pine, Take=mushroom), however, the Sino-Japan calligraphy Character of Pine mushroom are exactly alike. Moreover, there in replaced by a varitty of the samespecies Triclioloma matsutake (Ito et Imai) Singer var. formosana Sawada distriuted in Prov. Taiwan, China. Some other closely related but different species, the American matsutake[Tricholoma ponderosa (Peck) Singer] has a representative only occurs in western coast of North America, the European matsutake [Tricholoma caligatum (Viv.) Ricken] is widely distributed in Europe and North Africa. Matsutake group not only forming ectomycorrhiza with conifers, even several species forming ectomycorrhizae with Family Fagaceae, belong to genera Quercus, Castanopsis and Lithocarpus etc., a common species,Tricholoma bakamatsutake Hongo, that associated with different species of the genus Quercus from Japan and Western China. They either species Tricholoma quercicola Zang occurs in North Yunnan and Western Sichuan,beyond the Tsanpo (Yarlung Zangbo), where is the eastern terminus of the Himalayas proper. Some original mycofloras of temperate Asia, including China, Japan and Korea, especially in the Sino-Himalayanregion of the Western China have the richest alpine Quercus forest and Matsuake group, where have survived and thrived in better conditions than similar ones in Europea and North America. Tricholoma quercicola Zang is close to Tricholoma matsutake (Ito et Imai) Singer, but may be distinguished from the latte by its cheilocystidia, and occurs in good mycorrhizal associationwith Genus Quercus, never Pinus, these features also similar to Tricholoma bakamatsutake Hongo, but differs in the larger and round in outline basidospores (6.5-10.7×5-6.5μm, whichwhich often shows prominent angles. The colonies and hyphae in pure culture were white and thick on agar media, and there was a developmental formation of whitish aerial hyphae, but the colonies were relatively small. A number of distribution patterns, concerning the rational exploitation, utilization, reservation of Matsitake group are described and illustrated. The type specimen of the newspecies Tricholoma quercicola is deposited in the Herbarium of Cryptogams, Kunming Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Kunming (HKAS). |
關鍵字 | 刺皮屬, 黃色囊狀體刺皮, 鐮孢刺皮 |
Key | |
期刊 | 真菌學報 9(1):6-11 , 1990 |
Publication | Acta Mycologica Sinica (Chinese; English Abstract), 9(2):pp.113-127, 1990 |
分享省市 | 湖南省宜章縣 |
Place | Xiaojin County, Aba Zang Nationality Aut |
採集地 | 莽山闊葉樹的朽木 |
Environment | The specimen collected on land of Quercus pannosa Hand-Mazz. forest |
海撥高度 | |
生態環境 | 中亞熱帶濕潤季風氣候闊葉林區 |
寄主 | 闊葉樹朽木 |
Habitat | subtropical moist monsoon alpine oak forest zone |
Host | on land of Quercus pannosa Hand-Mazz. forest |
採集人 | 胡新文 |
Isolation Person | Liao Shuyun |
採集時間 | |
保存單位 | 湖南師範大學真菌標本室, 長沙 410081 |
Preservation Unit | The Herbarium of Cryptogams, Kunming Institute of Botany, The Chinese AcademY of Sciences, Kunming 650204, Yunnan Province, China |
描述 | |
等模式 | |
Speciman No. | |
全文 | |
Note | The species is a taste edible mushroom |
