沉寂的雪原情節

沉寂的雪原情節

圖書名稱,作者傑克·倫敦(Jack London,1876年1月12日~1916年11月22日)原名為約翰·格利菲斯·倫敦(John Griffith London)。

基本介紹

  • 中文名:沉寂的雪原情節
  • 作者傑克·倫敦
  • 出生地:舊金山
  • 原名:約翰·格利菲斯·倫敦
原文梗概,作者,原文,英文原文,整體把握,啟示,

原文梗概

梅森和他的妻子魯斯及朋友基得在雪地里艱難的趕路。快斷糧了,狗和人都餓得跑不動了。不幸同時降臨,梅森被一棵大樹砸倒,奄奄一息。為了其他人的生存,梅森要求好友開槍結束自己的生命。經過一番艱難的思想鬥爭,基德無奈又痛苦的舉起槍,瞄向與自己出生入死的摯友……

作者

傑克·倫敦(Jack London,1876年1月12日~1916年11月22日)原名為約翰·格利菲斯·倫敦(John Griffith London),生於舊金山,他是“占全國人口十分之一的貧困不堪的底層階級”。大約是個占星術家的私生子,在一個既無固定職業又無固定居所的家庭中長大。是美國著名的現實主義作家。美國傳記小說家伊爾文·斯通在他的《馬背上的水手》里稱他是美國無產階級文學之父。他的作品不僅在美國本土廣泛流傳,而且受到世界各國人民的歡迎。作品有《馬丁·伊登》、《熱愛生命》《野性的呼喚》(或譯《荒野的呼喚》)等50多本書。他在現代美國文學和世界文學都享有崇高地位。
傑克·倫敦24歲開始寫作,去世時年僅40歲。十六年中他共寫成長篇小說19部,短篇小說150多篇,還寫了3個劇本以及相當多的隨筆和論文。這些作品共同為我們展示了一個陌生又異常廣闊的世界:那荒涼空曠又蘊藏寶藏的阿拉斯加,波濤洶湧島嶼星羅棋布的太平洋,橫貫美洲大陸的鐵路線,形形色色的鮮活人物,人與自然的嚴酷搏鬥,人與人之間錯綜複雜的社會關係……
傑克·倫敦的創作,筆力剛勁,語言質樸,情節富於戲劇性。他常常將筆下人物置於極端嚴酷,生死危關的環境之下,以此展露人性中最深刻、最真實的品格。傑克·倫敦讚美勇敢、堅毅和愛和這些人類的高貴的品質,他筆下那“嚴酷的真實”常常使讀者受到強烈的心靈震撼。
偉大的革命領導人列寧在病榻上時,曾特意請人朗讀小說,其中就有傑克·倫敦的短篇小說《熱愛生命》。列寧給予這部小說很高的評價。

原文

“卡門活不過這兩天了。”梅森噗地吐出一塊冰,滿懷傷痛地打量著眼前這條可憐的母狗,又把它的腳爪放進嘴裡,開始咬那把腳趾硬邦邦地凍在一起的冰。
“我還從未見過一條有名的狗能派上什麼用場,”他咬掉了冰,把狗往旁邊一推,說,‘大凡這樣的狗都被責任所累,最後被拖垮,拖死。凡是有個正經名字的狗,像卡丙爾、斯瓦希、膝斯基啦,你什麼時候見過它們出過毛病?老兄,從來沒有過!就幸眼前的舒克姆來說吧,它是——
劇地一下,一條精疾的狗跳了起來,雪白的尖牙差。點咬住了梅森的吹呢。
我叫你凶,我叫你凶”一個人用粗梢狠狠地抽打著狗的耳根,那狗就四腳朝天躺在雪地里,徽徽發抖,黃色的涎水從尖牙上流出。“像我剛才說的。看看眼前的舒克姆― 它可是活力十足的,我敢打賭,不出一個星期,它就會把卡門吃掉。"
我再加上一句,,馬萊默特· 基德答道,隨手把放在火邊烤著的凍硬了的麵包轉動了一下,‘在到達目的地之前,舒克姆就會填我們的肚予。魯斯你說呢?"
這時,一個印第安女人在咖啡里放了一塊冰,眼光從馬萊默特· 基德身上轉向了自己的丈夫,然後又看了看狗,但沒有作答。事情不言自明,一目了然,根本沒有回答的必要。橫在前面的足兩百英里未甘涉足的崎嘔小路,人的乾糧勉勉強強可以維持六天,狗則一無所有,除此之外會有什麼結萊呢?兩個男人和一個女人國在火邊坐下開始了他們的並不豐盛的一餐。狗躺在那裡,眼巴巴地看若人進餐,饞得直流口水。因為是中午小慈,狗沒有卸套。
“從明天起就沒有中飯了,”馬萊默特· 基德說,“而且我們必須時刻警惕這些狗― 它們變得很兇了,一有機會,它們就會把你撲倒。'
“我以前曾當過教學法學會的主席,並且。在主日學校教過書呢。”梅森莫名其妙地窗出了這樣一句話,然後盯著熱氣直馨的鹿皮鞋仔起了神。魯斯給他的杯子加水,他這才驚醒過來。
“謝天謝地。我們的茶還多的是!我見過茶樹,那是在田納西那邊。現在要是有個熱氣騰騰的玉米餅,那可真是個寶貝了!別著急。魯斯,你挨餓的日子不會很長了。鹿皮鞋也快脫掉了,"
聽到這話。女人的臉色頓時明朗起來,目光中充滿了對其白人丈夫的無限深情― 他是她遇到的第一個白人― 第一個不把女人完全當作獵狗和牛馬的人。這樣的男人,是自己認識的頭一個。
“是的,魯斯,”她丈夫繼續說,說著兩種語言夾雜的話,因為只有說這種話,他們才能交流,“耐心等待,等把事辦完,我們就去看大世界。我們坐著白人的船去鹹水河。是的,那裡的水又凶又險,― 海浪像山峰一樣,忽上忽下,沒完沒了。那海又大,又遠,遠得不得了― 你得走十天,二十天,四十天(他一邊說一邊用手指比比畫畫),一路都是海浪,很兇的海浪。然後你就會走到一個好大好大的村莊,村莊裡有好多人,就像夏日的蚊子一樣多得數不過來。嘿,還有那屋子,高得不得了― 比得上十裸、二十棵松樹那么高,嗨,那才叫過癮呢!,
他一口氣說了這么多,說不下去了,求助似的看了一馬萊默特· 基德眼,然後不辭辛勞地用手比畫著才‘二十根松樹一裸一探交上去。馬萊默特· 基德微微一笑,神情快活而又不失幾分譏消;魯斯的眼晴睜得大大的,充滿驚奇而又滿心歡喜。她雖然明知他在開玩笑,但他居然那么看得起她,足以使她那顆脆弱的女人之心歡喜了一陣子。
“然後我們就會進入一個大箱子裡,噗的一聲,就飛上去啦。”為了便於說明,他把空杯子往上一扔,又輕輕接住,大聲喊道:啪的一下,你又下來了。咦。真是邪了門了!你到育空堡,我到北極城― 二十五個晝夜的路― 直都用大繩子連著― 我抓著繩子的一頭― 我說:‘喂,魯斯!你好嗚?' ― 你回答道:‘你是我的可愛丈夫嗎?' ― 我接著說。‘是的!' ― 你又說:‘再不能烘好麵包了,因為沒有蘇打粉了!' - 然後我說:‘儲藏室找。在麵粉底下,再見。’你一下就找到了很多的蘇打粉。你育空堡,我北極城,一直都是這樣,嘿,真是邪了門了!"
聽著如此這般神奇的故事,魯斯天真地笑了起來,逗得兩個男人也捧腹大笑。這時一陣狗叫打斷了他們的“大世界之行,等到他們把亂吼亂咬的狗拉開,她已把雪橇套好,一切準備就緒,只等上路了。
‘駕!老禿!嘿,走起來!”梅森熟練地舜動著報予,套著挽具的狗低低地嗚嗚叫著。他抓住雪橇的方向桿一使勁,爬攀就破冰上了路。接著,魯斯趕清著第二架雪橇也上路了,馬萊默特· 基德跟在後面,他先幫魯斯上了路,自己趕著雪橇在後面壓陣。他雖然身強力壯,一拳可以打例一頭牛,但他不忍心抽打這些可憐的狗,而是聽之任之,這在趕狗人裡面是少見的― 看見它們那受罪的樣子他恨不得要哭出未了。
‘走啊,快走啊。你們這些腳疼得厲害的傢伙們!”趕了幾次沒趕動之後,他在嘴裡咕噥著說。但他的耐心終於有了回報,那些狗一邊疼得嗥叫著,一邊又匆匆地迫趕前面的夥伴去了。
再沒有人閒腳;艱難的玻涉已不容許再這樣浪費精力了。天下最要命的勞動。莫過於在北方趕路了。如茱一個人能夠一聲不呢地趕上一天路。那他就算很了不起了 。
天下所有軍死人的活兒中,最苦的英過於在北方開路了。每走一步,那歡一樣碩大的雪鞋都會拚命往下陷,直至雪沒膝1 。然後腳往上拽,要小心冀冀往上拽,如果孟了幾英寸的話,必招大災。一定得把雪鞋提徉離開地面,然後向前瑞下去,另一隻腳筆直地提起半碼來高。第一次走這種路的人,就算僥倖兩隻鞋不拉在一起,摔例在險情叢生的雪地里,也會在走完一百碼之後筋疲力盡,要打退堂鼓;有誰如果一天下來不被坪倒,那他完全可以心安理得、洋洋俘憊地鑽進他的睡衰里,那種心情遠昨他人能夠理解;而如果有人能在漫漫雪路上走上二十天,那么神仙也會望其興嘆了。
下午的時光緩緩流過,寂寂雪原,陰森可怖,趕路的人雙致無語,只顧低頭趕路。大自然有很多辦法使人類認識其造化無窮― 諸如那奔騰不。島的潮水,那呼喃而過的風基,使人膽戰心驚的地震,以及那震耳欲幸的雷聲― 但最令人毛骨像然、魂飛魄傲的,還要教那白色無聲世界的寂寂官原。所有的運動都停止了,天空一片晴朗。仿佛磨亮的鈉健。小聲說句話也仿佛是一種大不敬,人們變得膽小如鼠,聽。. j 自己的聲音都會嚇一大跳。人如一具幽靈,玻涉在寂寂無邊的官原。想到自己如此唐突,禁不住渾身打戰,覺得生命仿體如一絡塵埃,無足枉重。稀奇古怪的念頭一起襲上心頭,萬事萬物都想彼寡自己的秘密。對死亡,對上帝、對宇宙的恐俱油然而生,同時,時復活、對生命,又產生了期盼,時不朽產生了渴望,這是再絆已久的心靈所做的徒勞的掙刁L ― 也只有在這個時候,人才同上帝單獨在一起行走。
一天就這樣漫慢過去了。河道在這裡轉了個大育,梅森駕看他的一群狗想走捷徑,穿過育道中問的扶窄地帶。但釣一看到那高高的河岸,就枕像不前了。儘管舍斯和馬萊獄特· 基德一次又一次地拚命推玄橇,那些狗還是一次又一次地滑了下來。最後人和狗又做了一次絕望的嘗試,這群可憐的傢伙,由於飢俄已經搜弱不堪了,但還是膝出了最後一絲力氣。上去一點― 再上去一點― 雪橇就要到坡頂了;但意外的事情發生了,領頭的狗花著後面的狗琅琅蹌蹌向右轉時、撞上了梅森的雷鞋。這一下不要緊、梅森一下於給撞翻了,一條狗也帶著挽其被撞倒,雪橇往後一翻,連同所有的狗一道掉下了河岸。
啪、啪!報子雨點似的抽在了例在雷地上的鉤身上,尤其那條炸例了的鉤更是遭了塊。
“別打了,梅森。”馬萊雙特央求道,”這個可憐的傢伙只剝最後一口氣了。等一下,我來把我趕的那隊鉤套上去,"
梅森有意停住鞭子,聽他相· 話講完,然後長旅一甩,把那條忿他發怒的狗整個坡住。於是卡門一一挨打的就是它― 在雪地里縮成一團,伴隨著一聲慘叫,一歪身就例下了。
這是一個悲慘的時刻,這是旅途中一基悲涼的小插曲一一一隻死期將至的狗和兩個怒氣衝天的家伏。要斯小心地打童著兩個男人。但馬萊雙特· 基德總算克制住了自己,儘管他的目光中充滿痛苦的青備,他碑下身,釗斷了這條狗身上的套索。沒有人說一句話。兩隊狗合在一起套上,終於把雪橇拉上了河岸。雪橇又前進了,那條將死的狗卡門艱難地跟在後面。按孩常規,一條狗只要還走得動,就不開槍打無它,而給它最後一次機會,讓它碰碰運氣,看它能否堅持到宿營地,到了那裡也許就有康鹿肉吃。
梅森對自己過激的舉動有些內疚,但又固執己見。不作任何表示,而是領餚古橇隊繼續艱苦玻涉,絲毫沒有愈識,. j 自己危在旦夕。他們正穿過一片灌木叢生的凹陷地。距離小路五十尺左右的地方有一裸高大的松樹。這裸松樹千百年來都聳立在那裡。漫長的歲月為它的歸宿做好了準備― 也許梅森注定也會有同樣的結局。
他件下來。育下唇去扎縈鹿皮鞋鬆了的帶子。三架雪橇都停了下來,那些狗哼都沒哼一聲就從在了雷地上。雪原寂寂可怖,結著冰花的樹木沒有一絲風吹拂;來自天外的寒冷的寂靜的幾乎使人停止了心臟的跳動;也封住了大自然的雙唇。
缺少幾段
第二天早上,受傷的人漸漸恢復了知覺,馬萊雙特· 基德俯下身傾聽他的耳語。
“你還記得我們在塔納納相遇的情形嗎?到下一次冰玄觸化,就是整整四年了。那時我並不足昨常喜歡她,只足因為她足個好女人。有些動人而已。但你知道嗎,後來我就對她戀戀不捨了。她成了我的好妻子,和我同舟共濟。談到做買賣,根本沒有人走她的葉手。你還記得有一次她賈著像水雹一樣打在水面的彈而。闖過旅鹿角灘。把我們倆從岩石上拉下來的事嗚?― 你還記得在努克香開那托斷根的那一次嗎?― 還記得她在冰雪消觸之前給我們搶著報信的事嗎?是的,要斯確實是我的奸妻子,比我以前那位強多T 。什麼?你不知道^結過婚?咦,我從未告訴過你,啊,我結過一次婚,還是在南邊美國的時候。那就是我為什麼跑到這裡來的原因。我們還是青梅竹馬呢,我背井離鄉就是為了給她一個離婚的機會,她也終於如願以償了。
“但那一點兒也不關魯斯的事。我原本想眼些錢之後,明年就離開這裡到‘外面’去― 帶她一塊走― 但瑰在已來不及了,基德,不要打發她回娘家去,一個嫁出去了的女人又回家去住,那滋味太不好受了。你一定要好好想一想!― 在羞不多四年的時間裡,她和我們一同吃掩肉、吃豆子、吃麵食、吃千果,已經習慣了,怎么好又讓她回去吃魚吃鹿肉呢?她已習慣了我們的生活,知道這裡的生活比她們家好,再讓她回去過娘家那種日予,太難為她了,基德,你一定要多照碩她,― 你為什麼不千脆一一~好,不說了,你總是對女人們敬而遠之― 況且你從未透落過你為什麼會到這裡來。你一定要善待她,儘快把她送回美國。― 但一定要保證她能夠回來― 要么,她會害想家病的。
“還有那孩子― 他把我們連得更緊了,基德。我真的希望它會是一個男孩。你想一想!― 他是我的心頭肉!基德。孩子絕不允許留在這邊。如果是個女孩,為什麼,她根本就不可能留在這裡。把我的皮貨突賣了,它們至少可以換上五千元,我在公司里還有一筆錢。也差不多有這個教。把你我的份於放在一塊兒。我相信,我們申諭產權的那塊高地一定會出金子。你一定要讓孩子多讀一些書;並且,基德,首要的是,你千萬別讓他回到這邊來。這片土地不足自人呆的。
俄就要不行了,基德。我教多也就能熬上三四天。你一定得維續走。你非繼續前行不可。記住、這足我的妻子。我的孩於― 咦。天哪!我真的希望會是個男孩!你不要再陪我了― 我擾要不行了,你一定要繼續趕路啊。。
‘讓^等三天吧,”馬萊默特· 基德請求道,唯也許會好轉的;也許會出現轉機。"
‘、不。"
峨三天。"
琳一定得繼續走。'
“兩天。"
“基德,這關係,. j 我的妻子和兒子。你不該再說下去了。" “就一天。"
‘不,不!我命令你一
“只一天。我們布這些千依可以對付過去,說不定我還會打到一隻糜鹿呢。”
“不行― 好吧;就只一天,一分也不能多。還有。基德,別― 別讓我一個人在這裡孤零零地求生不得,求死不能。求你給我一槍,只要扣動一下扳機。你心裡全明白,你只要想一想!想一想,那可是我的親骨肉啊,我今生今世是不可能見到他了!"
讓魯斯過來。我要和她道別,還要告訴她,一定要為兒子著想,不要守著我閉上眼睛。如果我不跟她說,她一定不會跟你一起走。再見了。老伏計,再見戶
“塞德!我說― 哎― 在那個靠近斷層的礦床上方打一個洞。在那裡我首一鏟土就挖出了四十美分的金子。
“還有,墓德!”基捷拚命俯下身予去聽他那最後微弱的話語。那是他臨終的什悔,‘我對不起― 你知通― 卡門。"
馬萊默特· 基德套上毛皮大衣,蹬上雪牡,來復槍往掖下一掖,就悄悄地走進了樹林,留下這個女人為自己的男人輕輕哭泣。對於產寒的北方,他早已不再陌生了,這種悲慘的場面他也已司空見慣了。但從未像這樣難過。從理論上說,這是一道簡單不過的算術命題― 三條有望生存的生命片一個必死無疑的人。但現在他躊醉不定了。三年之前他和梅森結下友誼,並肩攜手,闖水路、跑早路、住帳是、鑽礦山。共同面時曠好、洪水和饑荒。九死一生。他們太親密無間了。以至於香斯第一次作為第三者出現時,他甘有意識地對她產生過妒意。而現在該由他來親手結束這段交情了。儘管他祈求能打到一隻廈鹿。只要一隻就行。但所有的好獸似乎已梢聲雖跡了。夜幕降臨的時候,這個策得筋減力盡的人只得兩手空空,心事重重地施著沉重的腳步向營地走來。這時遠處傳來T 狗吠聲和香斯的叫喊聲,他不由得加快了腳步。
一衝進宿營地,他就看見要斯被一群咆哮的狗團團圍住,她正揮動著斧頭左右招架。這群狗打破了主人鐵的禁令,正蜂擁而上去搶吃千榷。他倒幸著來復槍也加入了這場人狗之戰,於是上演了一出比原始時代還要殲亥和殘酷的優勝劣汰的老戲_來復槍和斧頭輪番飛舞,時而打中,時而落空,反反覆覆,無休無止;那些狗眼窗凶光。怒目圈睜,跳咧著牙,身子靈活地上下扭動著。從一邊躥到另一邊。人獸之間為了爭奪主宰權展開了一場珠死搏鬥。最終,敗下陣來的吁菩們極不情願地溜到了離葬火稍遠一點的地方,舔著傷口。不時對著星空發出幾聲淒號。
帶的鼓魚千已經全部都吃完了。大約還剎下五磅多麵粉,全靠這些麵粉來走完前面兩百英里蔑無人煙的路程。香斯回到T 丈夫身邊,馬萊雙特· 基德把那隻膝骨已被斧頭打碎、身體還有熱氣的狗的肉一條條,. J 下。他把每一塊肉都小心地放好,只足把狗皮和五樁丟給了幾分鐘前還足其夥伴的那群狗。
第二天早上又出了新的岔子。鉤互相撅咬了起來。卡門,這個奄奄一息的傢伙,故狗群撲倒在地。鞭子雨。飯般地打在它們身上,但毫不見效。它們雖被打得畏畏蜻縮,嗽嗽直叫,但仍是不肯散開,直到把那條可憐的鉤連甘頭帶皮毛吃得精光才散開。
馬萊欲特· 基德一邊幹活,一邊在聽梅森的吃語。梅森又回到了田納西,正同他舊時的夥伴談話,情緒激動地教訓他們。
基德利用近旁長在一起的兩裸松樹,正飛快地忙活著,冬斯看著他做的機關,同獵人為了把菩肉掛起來,不讓很維和釣吃掉而有時做的那種機關差不多。他把兩裸小松樹的樹梢一個個地育下來,幾乎挨餚了地面,再用鹿皮帶把它們扎住。然後他又把這群狗打得服服帖帖,套上了兩架雪橇,裝上了所有的東西,只留下了幾張獸皮蓋在梅森舟上,他用幾條皮帶把梅森身上的替皮裹緊捆好,把皮帶一頭系在育下來的松樹梢上,然後他舉起獵刀,猛地一砍,松樹就極立起來,梅森的身體就彼憊到半空中。
丟斯已接受了她丈夫的遺囑。沒有任何異議。可憐的女人。她早已習該了百依百順。從孩提時代起,她就像所有其他婦女一樣。對老爺大人們唯命是從,似乎一個女人逆來順受是天經地義的事。基德允許她響別丈夫、她這才趁機大放悲聲一一,地的族人是沒有這個習慣的。― 然後,基德領餚她走到古橇跟前,幫她穿上雷靴。她盲目地、機械地握住古橇的方向桿。揮起鞭子。駕鉤上路了。基德又返回到已不省人事的梅森旁邊,這時香斯已遠離視線,基德還長時間地坐在葺火旁,等待著、期盼著、祈禱著他的伏伴早些咽氣。
在寂寂雪原中一個人滿懷苦痛,浮想聯翩的滋味可真不好受,昏暗的寂靜也許會好受些,因為它仿佛會給人一種安全感,同時會帶給人一種無形的慰藉;而在銀灰色的蒼窮下,那又清新又寒冷的晃眼的寂寂雪原,卻是非常殘酷的。
一小時過去了,兩小時過去了一一~牌梅森還是沒有死。晌午時分,太陽還沒有在南地平線上露臉。只在天空中留下一抹徽紅,然後就迅逮收了田去。馬萊取特· 基德驀然驚醒,步膠滿姍地走到伏伴旁邊。他環顧了一下四周。寂寂古原仿佛在對他冷笑,他忽地一陣恐慌。響起了短促的槍聲,於足梅森死在懇空的墳墓中;馬萊雙特· 基德甩了一響鞭,狗群拚命狂奔。拉著他在雪原上飛馳而去。

英文原文

'Carmen won't last more than a couple of days.' Mason spat out a chunk of ice and surveyed the poor animal ruefully, then put her foot in his mouth and proceeded to bite out the ice which clustered cruelly between the toes.
'I never saw a dog with a highfalutin' name that ever was worth a rap,' he said, as he concluded his task and shoved her aside. 'They just fade away and die under the responsibility. Did ye ever see one go wrong with a sensible name like Cassiar, Siwash, or Husky? No, sir! Take a look at Shookum here, he's--' Snap! The lean brute flashed up, the white teeth just missing Mason's throat.
'Ye will, will ye?' A shrewd clout behind the ear with the butt of the dog whip stretched the animal in the snow, quivering softly, a yellow slaver dripping from its fangs.
'As I was saying, just look at Shookum here--he's got the spirit. Bet ye he eats Carmen before the week's out.' 'I'll bank another proposition against that,' replied Malemute Kid, reversing the frozen bread placed before the fire to thaw. 'We'll eat Shookum before the trip is over. What d'ye say, Ruth?' The Indian woman settled the coffee with a piece of ice, glanced from Malemute Kid to her husband, then at the dogs, but vouchsafed no reply. It was such a palpable truism that none was necessary. Two hundred miles of unbroken trail in prospect, with a scant six days' grub for themselves and none for the dogs, could admit no other alternative. The two men and the woman grouped about the fire and began their meager meal. The dogs lay in their harnesses for it was a midday halt, and watched each mouthful enviously.
'No more lunches after today,' said Malemute Kid. 'And we've got to keep a close eye on the dogs--they're getting vicious. They'd just as soon pull a fellow down as not, if they get a chance.' 'And I was president of an Epworth once, and taught in the Sunday school.' Having irrelevantly delivered himself of this, Mason fell into a dreamy contemplation of his steaming moccasins, but was aroused by Ruth filling his cup.
'Thank God, we've got slathers of tea! I've seen it growing, down in Tennessee. What wouldn't I give for a hot corn pone just now! Never mind, Ruth; you won't starve much longer, nor wear moccasins either.' The woman threw off her gloom at this, and in her eyes welled up a great love for her white lord--the first white man she had ever seen--the first man whom she had known to treat a woman as something better than a mere animal or beast of burden.
'Yes, Ruth,' continued her husband, having recourse to the macaronic jargon in which it was alone possible for them to understand each other; 'wait till we clean up and pull for the Outside. We'll take the White Man's canoe and go to the Salt Water. Yes, bad water, rough water--great mountains dance up and down all the time. And so big, so far, so far away--you travel ten sleep, twenty sleep, forty sleep'--he graphically enumerated the days on his fingers--'all the time water, bad water. Then you come to great village, plenty people, just the same mosquitoes next summer. Wigwams oh, so high--ten, twenty pines.
Hi-yu skookum!' He paused impotently, cast an appealing glance at Malemute Kid, then laboriously placed the twenty pines, end on end, by sign language. Malemute Kid smiled with cheery cynicism; but Ruth's eyes were wide with wonder, and with pleasure; for she half believed he was joking, and such condescension pleased her poor woman's heart.
'And then you step into a--a box, and pouf! up you go.' He tossed his empty cup in the air by way of illustration and, as he deftly caught it, cried: 'And biff! down you come. Oh, great medicine men! You go Fort Yukon. I go Arctic City--twenty-five sleep--big string, all the time--I catch him string--I say, "Hello, Ruth! How are ye?"--and you say, "Is that my good husband?"--and I say, "Yes"--and you say, "No can bake good bread, no more soda"--then I say, "Look in cache, under flour; good-by." You look and catch plenty soda. All the time you Fort Yukon, me Arctic City. Hi-yu medicine man!' Ruth smiled so ingenuously at the fairy story that both men burst into laughter. A row among the dogs cut short the wonders of the Outside, and by the time the snarling combatants were separated, she had lashed the sleds and all was ready for the trail.-- 'Mush! Baldy! Hi! Mush on!' Mason worked his whip smartly and, as the dogs whined low in the traces, broke out the sled with the gee pole. Ruth followed with the second team, leaving Malemute Kid, who had helped her start, to bring up the rear. Strong man, brute that he was, capable of felling an ox at a blow, he could not bear to beat the poor animals, but humored them as a dog driver rarely does--nay, almost wept with them in their misery.
'Come, mush on there, you poor sore-footed brutes!' he murmured, after several ineffectual attempts to start the load. But his patience was at last rewarded, and though whimpering with pain, they hastened to join their fellows.
No more conversation; the toil of the trail will not permit such extravagance.
And of all deadening labors, that of the Northland trail is the worst. Happy is the man who can weather a day's travel at the price of silence, and that on a beaten track. And of all heartbreaking labors, that of breaking trail is the worst. At every step the great webbed shoe sinks till the snow is level with the knee. Then up, straight up, the deviation of a fraction of an inch being a certain precursor of disaster, the snowshoe must be lifted till the surface is cleared; then forward, down, and the other foot is raised perpendicularly for the matter of half a yard. He who tries this for the first time, if haply he avoids bringing his shoes in dangerous propinquity and measures not his length on the treacherous footing, will give up exhausted at the end of a hundred yards; he who can keep out of the way of the dogs for a whole day may well crawl into his sleeping bag with a clear conscience and a pride which passeth all understanding; and he who travels twenty sleeps on the Long Trail is a man whom the gods may envy.
The afternoon wore on, and with the awe, born of the White Silence, the voiceless travelers bent to their work. Nature has many tricks wherewith she convinces man of his finity--the ceaseless flow of the tides, the fury of the storm, the shock of the earthquake, the long roll of heaven's artillery--but the most tremendous, the most stupefying of all, is the passive phase of the White Silence. All movement ceases, the sky clears, the heavens are as brass; the slightest whisper seems sacrilege, and man becomes timid, affrighted at the sound of his own voice. Sole speck of life journeying across the ghostly wastes of a dead world, he trembles at his audacity, realizes that his is a maggot's life, nothing more.
Strange thoughts arise unsummoned, and the mystery of all things strives for utterance.
And the fear of death, of God, of the universe, comes over him--the hope of the Resurrection and the Life, the yearning for immortality, the vain striving of the imprisoned essence--it is then, if ever, man walks alone with God.
So wore the day away. The river took a great bend, and Mason headed his team for the cutoff across the narrow neck of land. But the dogs balked at the high bank. Again and again, though Ruth and Malemute Kid were shoving on the sled, they slipped back. Then came the concerted effort. The miserable creatures, weak from hunger, exerted their last strength. Up--up--the sled poised on the top of the bank; but the leader swung the string of dogs behind him to the right, fouling Mason's snowshoes. The result was grievous.
Mason was whipped off his feet; one of the dogs fell in the traces; and the sled toppled back, dragging everything to the bottom again.
Slash! the whip fell among the dogs savagely, especially upon the one which had fallen.
'Don't,--Mason,' entreated Malemute Kid; 'the poor devil's on its last legs. Wait and we'll put my team on.' Mason deliberately withheld the whip till the last word had fallen, then out flashed the long lash, completely curling about the offending creature's body.
Carmen--for it was Carmen--cowered in the snow, cried piteously, then rolled over on her side.
It was a tragic moment, a pitiful incident of the trail--a dying dog, two comrades in anger.
Ruth glanced solicitously from man to man. But Malemute Kid restrained himself, though there was a world of reproach in his eyes, and, bending over the dog, cut the traces. No word was spoken. The teams were doublespanned and the difficulty overcome; the sleds were under way again, the dying dog dragging herself along in the rear. As long as an animal can travel, it is not shot, and this last chance is accorded it--the crawling into camp, if it can, in the hope of a moose being killed.
Already penitent for his angry action, but too stubborn to make amends, Mason toiled on at the head of the cavalcade, little dreaming that danger hovered in the air. The timber clustered thick in the sheltered bottom, and through this they threaded their way. Fifty feet or more from the trail towered a lofty pine. For generations it had stood there, and for generations destiny had had this one end in view--perhaps the same had been decreed of Mason.
He stooped to fasten the loosened thong of his moccasin. The sleds came to a halt, and the dogs lay down in the snow without a whimper. The stillness was weird; not a breath rustled the frost-encrusted forest; the cold and silence of outer space had chilled the heart and smote the trembling lips of nature. A sigh pulsed through the air--they did not seem to actually hear it, but rather felt it, like the premonition of movement in a motionless void. Then the great tree, burdened with its weight of years and snow, played its last part in the tragedy of life. He heard the warning crash and attempted to spring up but, almost erect, caught the blow squarely on the shoulder.
The sudden danger, the quick death--how often had Malemute Kid faced it! The pine needles were still quivering as he gave his commands and sprang into action. Nor did the Indian girl faint or raise her voice in idle wailing, as might many of her white sisters. At his order, she threw her weight on the end of a quickly extemporized handspike, easing the pressure and listening to her husband's groans, while Malemute Kid attacked the tree with his ax. The steel rang merrily as it bit into the frozen trunk, each stroke being accompanied by a forced, audible respiration, the 'Huh!' 'Huh!' of the woodsman.

整體把握

從開頭到第17自然段“一邊又匆匆去追趕前面的夥伴去了”,是小說情節的序幕。交代三個人物的身份、姓名、處境,初步展示了人與惡劣的自然環境的衝突(寒冷、荒涼),也預示了人與狗的衝突。
第18自然段到第25自然段,是故事的開端,描寫這北方“沉寂的雪原”的“險情叢生”“陰森可怖”,為下文的兩個意外充分蓄勢。狗“卡門”把雪橇拉翻,遭到了梅林殘忍的鞭打的情節,是下面悲劇的一種“預兆”,也更突出了在雪原行進的艱難與危機四伏。
第26自然段到第51自然段,是小說的核心情節——梅森被松樹砸倒,瀕臨死亡。小說最動人的,還是基德和魯斯面對“三條有望生存的生命對一個必死無疑的人”的選擇。

啟示

“梅森的死”給人們的啟示是什麼?
給人們的啟示是多方面的:
①要勇於面對死亡。他在與自然鬥爭中肉體受傷了,瀕臨死亡之際,他的信心與希望始終未曾破滅。他在對待失敗的態度上取得了勝利,在精神上取得了勝利。
②要勇於面對厄運。當一個人面對厄運時,就應勇敢地面對,要有超越死亡的勇氣和毅力。
③從臨死前的安排可以看出,他表現出來的無與倫比的力量和勇氣,是對生活的深深的愛,因為只有愛才能讓人能如此對待生死,體現出人類戰勝強大勢力的偉大力量與氣概。
④他們都是用生命抗爭的人,堅忍,也堅韌!人生命的質地之所以是堅而韌性十足的,就在於它什麼都能承受,什麼都得承受。也許你曾經想過,這么痛苦的事情,如果落在我身上,我可受不了;如果誰離開了我,我可活不下去,如果哪個親人去世了,我一定要和他一起離開等等。然而當這一切都成為現實的時候,你會發現,原來我們都很堅強,離開誰,經歷怎樣的苦難,你都受得了,你都要活著,好好地活著!
(1)傳奇性與真實性的統一。
這篇小說的整個故事情節都帶有傳奇色彩。一方面,作者將主人公安置到一個困苦險惡到極點的生存環境中,讓其經受著一般人難以想像的考驗;另一方面,我們在緊張曲折的故事情節中很難找到人為編造的痕跡,因為作者準確地模擬了主人公在特定境遇中的心理感受與意識活動,逼真地展示了一個疲憊的旅人在荒原上的艱難求生過程,其“真實性”可謂達到了無以復加的程度。小說中那些富於表現力的細節描寫,如沉默的女人的細微變化、梅森對狗的細膩複雜的情感以及基德救友人時發出的聲音等,從極細微處著筆,極有質感地渲染人物困窘、殘酷的處境,細膩逼真,增添了小說的真實性和形象性,使人大有身臨其境的感覺。
(2)不動聲色的質樸的語言。
這是一篇逼真的小說,緊張的故事情節中沒有一點作者人為的痕跡,沒有多餘的議論,它只是清晰地展示了一個人在荒原中歷盡艱難的求生過程,不動聲色地描繪出了生命的偉岸和強大,人性的善良與美好。
傑克·倫敦在小說中弘揚了人的生命的尊嚴。從主人公對狗的態度,可見他是一個有自己價值取向的坦坦蕩蕩的男子漢。人之所以為人,就在於高於動物的智慧、勇氣、毅力和情感。全文質樸中有讓人震撼的力量,北極地帶嚴寒大自然的浪漫色彩,也都很好地表現了人的意志、力量和美德。作品中的主人公們都是堅毅、剛強和勇敢的人,他們接連不斷地遭受困苦、災難的打擊,但又自始至終不向環境和命運屈服。他們以非凡的毅力為生存而鬥爭,善於克服障礙,努力達到既定的目標。即使死去,也是自豪地死去,始終保持人的尊嚴。這表現在梅森在距離目的地還有兩百英里的沒有開闢的道路上,不幸被一株老松樹軋得不成樣子,他要同夥和妻子繼續往前走,毅然命令同夥用槍把自己打死在“懸空的墳墓中”。全文有悲壯的美麗。
(3)恰如其分的環境渲染。
行文精練,情節緊湊,形象表現集中。文中用恰如其分的環境氣氛渲染,來烘托描寫了人物的經歷,在尖銳的衝突和動作中表現主人公的性格,形象生動地突出了能戰勝困境的樂觀與信心,這就是生活的強者。讓主人公置身於特定的環境之中,用行動和言語來表現自己性格的某一方面,從而勾勒出人物的鮮明形象,著墨不多卻給人留下了深刻的印象。小說中的荒原荒涼而遼闊,曠大而神秘,廣袤而寂靜,象徵著原始和自然,艱難和險阻,野蠻和兇險,威嚴和公正。荒原這一意象寄寓著深刻的哲理,注意結合作家的人生經歷和個人意識的特殊性來解讀。作品中充滿豐富的意蘊,處處充滿象徵意義。主人公在與自然的鬥爭中含痛捨棄了友人,閃爍著人性價值的光輝。傑克·倫敦歌頌了冰天雪地里勇敢而孤獨的生存者,探討了人的生存意義。傑克·倫敦以其非凡的想像力賦予作品中的荒原以豐富的內涵。

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