汽車技術（英語版）

內容簡介

本書全面細緻地介紹了汽車構造、汽車工作原理、汽車檢測維修以及汽車新技術的相關知識。全書共分為23個單元，涵蓋發動機和底盤幾乎所有總成。其中發動機部分在傳統基本構造基礎上增加新的內容，如進氣增壓技術、柴油發動機共軌技術和混合動力汽車技術；底盤部分對自動變速器、無極變速器和制動防抱死系統(驅動防滑轉系統)的結構及工作原理進行了細緻的闡述。每個單元包括正文、辭彙、例句解析和思考題四部分。本書既可作為大學本科、專科院校汽車類專業的專業英語教材或汽車構造雙語教學教材，也可作為專業技術人員對外技術交流的參考書。

圖書目錄

CONTENTS

Unit 1 The Reciprocating Piston

Petrol Engine 1

1.1 Modern requirements 1

1.1.1 Optimum performance 1

1.1.2 Good fuel economy 1

1.1.3 Less pollution 1

1.1.4 Minimum noise level 2

1.1.5 Easy cold starting 2

1.1.6 Economic servicing 2

1.1.7 Acceptable durability 2

1.1.8 Least weight 3

1.1.9 Compact size 3

1.1.10 Economic manufacture 3

1.2 Engine nomenclature 3

1.2.1 TDC and BDC 4

1.2.2 Piston stroke 4

1.2.3 Piston displacement 4

1.2.4 Engine capacity 4

1.2.5 Mean effective pressure 5

1.2.6 Indicated and brake power 5

1.2.7 Engine torque 5

1.2.8 Compression ratio 6

1.3 Operating principles of four-stroke

petrol engine 7

Newwordsandexpressions 8
Notestothetext 10
Unit2CombustionChambers
andProcesses 12
2.1Combustioninthepetrolengine 12
2.1.1Basicconsiderations 12
2.1.2Normalandabnormal
combustion 13
2.2Petrolenginecombustionchambers 14
2.2.1Hemisphericalchamber 14
2.2.2Wedgechamber 15
2.2.3Bowl-in-pistonchamber 16
2.3Combustioninthedieselengine 17
2.4Dieselenginecombustionchambers 17
2.4.1Basicconsideration 17
2.4.2Advantagesanddisadvantages
ofdirect-injection 18
2.5Cylinderchargeagitation 19
2.5.1Basicrequirements 19
2.5.2Compressionturbulence 19
2.5.3Inductionswirl 20
Newwordsandexpressions 21
Notestothetext 22
Unit3CylinderAssembliesandPiston
?CrankMechanism 25
3.1Cylinderandcrankthrow
arrangements 25
3.1.1Considerationsincylinder
design 25
3.1.2Arrangementofengine
cylinders 25
3.1.3Crankthrowarrangements 26
3.2Cylinderblock,crankcaseandhead 27
3.2.1Cylinderblockconstruction 27
3.2.2Cylinderbores 28
3.2.3Crankcaseconstruction 29
3.2.4Cylinderheadconstruction 29
3.2.5Cylinderheadgasket 29
3.2.6Cylinderliners 30
3.3Pistonsandconnectingrods 31
3.3.1Pistonconstructionand
nomenclature 31
3.3.2Pistonmaterialsandexpansion
control 32
3.3.3Gudgeonpinsandtheir
location 33
3.3.4Typesofpistonringand
nomenclature 34
3.3.5Pistonringmaterialsand
expansioncontrol 35
3.3.6Connectingrods 35
3.3.7Big-endbearingand
nomenclature 36
3.4Crankshaftassemblyand
mainbearings 37
3.4.1Crankshaftconstructionand
nomenclature 37
3.4.2Flywheelwithtorsionalvibration
?damper 38
3.4.3Crankshafttimingwheeland
pulley 38
3.4.4Crankshaftmainbearingsand
nomenclature 39
3.5Crankshafttorsionalvibration
?dampers 40
3.5.1Thecausesofcrankshaft
vibration 40
3.5.2Methodsofmountingtorsional
vibrationdampers 40
3.6Valvetrain 41
3.6.1Sidecamshaft,push-rodsand
rockers 41
3.6.2Identifyingthepartsofacam
profile 43
3.6.3Hydraulictappets 44
3.6.4Enginevalves 45
3.6.5Valvesprings 45
3.7Timingdrive 46
3.7.1Valvetimingdiagrams 46
3.7.2Methodsofdrivingcamshafts 47
3.7.3Variablevalvetiming 48
Newwordsandexpressions 49
Notestothetext 52
Unit4DieselFuelInjectionSystems 55
4.1Generallayout 55
4.2Thein-linefuelinjectionpump 55
4.2.1Constructionandoperation 55
4.2.2Pumpingelementcontrol 57
4.2.3Pumpingelementdelivery
valve 58
4.3Governingthein-linefuelinjection
pump 58
4.3.1Minimumandmaximumspeed
governor 58
4.3.2All-speedgovernor 59
4.4ConstructionandOperationofthe
DistributorFuelInjectionPump 60
4.5Timingin-linefuelinjectionpumps 62
4.6Fuelinjectors 62
4.6.1Basicrequirements 62
4.6.2Typesoffuelinjectornozzle 63
4.7Introductiontoelectronic
dieselcontrol 63
4.7.1Basicfeaturesofanelectronic
dieselcontrolsystem 64
4.7.2Electronicunitinjector
system 65
Newwordsandexpressions 66
Notestothetext 67
Unit5PetrolEngineFuelInjection 68
5.1Advantagesofpetrolengine
fuelinjection 68
5.2Mutipointfuelinjection 69
5.2.1Fuelflowsystem 69
5.2.2Airflowsystem 70
5.2.3Electricalflowsystem 71
5.2.4Furtherdevelopmentofthe
electronicMPIsystem 71
5.3Single-pointfuelinjection 72
5.3.1ElectronicSPIsystem 72
5.3.2Furtherdevelopments 74
Newwordsandexpressions 74
Notestothetext 75
Unit6HybridElectricVehicles 77
6.1Conceptofhybridelectricdrivetrain 77
6.2Architecturesofhybridelectric
drivetrain 79
6.2.1Serieshybridelectric
?drivetrain 80
6.2.2Parallelhybridelectric
drivetrain 82
6.2.3Torque-couplingparalledhybrid
electricdrivetrain 82
6.3Electricpropulsionsystems 83
6.3.1Thefunctionandtherequirement
ofelectricpropulsionsystems 83
6.3.2Thestructureevolutionofelectric
propulsionsystems 85
6.3.3DCmotordrives 86
6.3.4Inductionmotordrives 87
6.3.5Permanentmagneticbrushless
DCmotordrives 88
Newwordsandexpressions 89
Unit7EngineLubrication 91
7.1Enginelubricationoils 91
7.1.1Mineraloils 91
7.1.2Syntheticoils 91
7.1.3Functionsandpropertiesof
engineoil 91
7.1.4Classificationofengineoils
byviscosity 92
7.2Enginelubricationsystems 94
7.3Oilpumpsandpressurereliefvalves 96
7.3.1Developingoilpressureinthe
fullyforcedsystem 96
7.3.2Externalgearpump 96
7.3.3Internalgearpump 97
7.3.4Pressurereliefvalves 97
Newwordsandexpressions 99
Notestothetext 100
Unit8EngineCooling,Vehicle
HeatingandAirConditioning 102
8.1Enginewater-coolingsystem 102
8.1.1Circulationofcoolingwater 102
8.1.2Operatingprincipleofthe
thermosyphonicsystem 103
8.1.3Forced-circulationcooling
system 103
8.1.4Coolantpumpconstruction 104
8.1.5Coolantpumpoperation 106
8.1.6Variable-drivefan 106
8.1.7Radiatorconstruction 108
8.1.8Thermostaticcontrolofthe
water-coolingsystem 108
8.2Enginecoolant 109
8.2.1Antifreezesolutions 109
8.2.2Chemicalcomposition 109
8.2.3Long-lifeenginecoolants 110
8.3Refrigeratedairconditioning 110
8.3.1Principlesofrefrigeratedair
conditioning 110
8.3.2Componentsofarefrigeratedair
conditioningsystem 111
Newwordsandexpressions 114
Notestothetext 115
Unit9IntakeandExhaustSystem 120
9.1Aircleanerandsilencer 120
9.1.1Generalrequirements 120
9.1.2Methodsofaircleaning 120
9.1.3Methodsofairsilencing 120
9.1.4Typesandapplications 121
9.2Intakeandexhaustmanifolds 122
9.2.1Intakemanifold 122
9.2.2Exhaustmanifold 123
9.2.3Exhaustsilencer 123
Newwordsandexpressions 125
Notestothetext 125
Unit10ForcedInduction 127
10.1Naturalaspirationandforced
induction 127
10.2Methodsofpressurecharging 127
10.2.1Mechanicalsupercharging 127
10.2.2Exhaustturbocharging 129
Newwordsandexpressions 132
Notestothetext 133
Unit11EngineEmissionControl 135
11.1Petrolenginepollutants 135
11.1.1Thenatureandsourcesof
pollutants 135
11.1.2Permittedlevelsof
pollutants 135
11.2Petrolengineemissioncontrol 135
11.2.1Generalbackground 135
11.2.2Pre-catalytic-converteremission
controls 136
11.2.3Catalyticconverters 136
11.3Dieselenginepollutants 138
11.3.1Causesofsmokeemission 138
11.3.2Assessingthedensityofsmoke
emission 139
Newwordsandexpressions 139
Notestothetext 140
Unit12FrictionClutches 142
12.1Typesofsingle-plateclutch 142
12.1.1Multi-coilspringclutch 142
12.1.2Diaphragmspringclutch 144
12.2Clutchcontrolsystems 145
12.2.1Cable-operatedcontrol
system 145
12.2.2Hydraulicallyoperated
controlsystem 147
12.2.3Clutchpedalandlinkage
adjustment 148
12.3Clutchcenterplateconstruction 150
12.3.1Functioningofcentreplate
components 150
12.3.2Sinteredmetalclutch
linings 152
Newwordsandexpressions 153
Nosestothetext 153
Unit13LayshaftGearboxes 156
13.1Constant-meshgearboxes 156
13.2Inertialocksynchromesh 158
13.2.1Blockingpinsynchronizers 158
13.2.2Baulkingring
synchronizers 160
13.3Gearselectormechanisms 161
13.3.1Multi-railselection 161
13.3.2Remotetypeofgearlever
control 164
Newwordsandexpressions 165
Notestothetext 166
Unit14FluidCouplingsandTorque
?Converters 169
14.1Fluidcouplings 169
14.1.1Backgroundandadvantagesin
fluidcouplings 169
14.1.2Basicconstructionofasealed
fluidcoupling 169
14.1.3Operationofafluid
coupling 170
14.2Torqueconverters 171
14.2.1Torqueconvertersinmotor
vehicles 171
14.2.2Advantagesoftorque
converters 171
14.2.3Basicconstructionofatorque
converter 172
14.2.4Operationofatorque
converter 173
14.3Fluidcouplingsandtorqueconverters
inservice 174
14.3.1Fluidcouplings 174
14.3.2Torqueconverters 174
Newwordsandexpressions 175
Notestothetext 176
Unit15EpicyclicGearboxes 178
15.1Basicepicyclicgearing 178
15.1.1Generalbackgroundand
advantagesofepicyclic
gearing 178
15.1.2Basicconstructionofan
epicyclicgeartrain 178
15.2Operationofepicyclicgeartrains 179
15.2.1Simpleepicyclicgeartrain 179
15.2.2Coupledsimpleepicyclic
geartrains 180
15.2.3Simpsonepicyclicgearset 181
15.2.4Ravigneauxepicyclic
gearset 183
15.3Frictionbrakesforepicyclic
gearboxes 184
15.3.1Typesoffrictionbrake 184
15.3.2Bandbrakes 184
15.3.3Multi-plateclutches 185
Newwordsandexpressions 186
Notestothetext 187
Unit16AutomaticTransmissionsfor
PassengerCars 191
16.1Advantagesofthefullyautomatic
transmission 191
16.2Basicconstructionofanautomatic
transmission 191
16.3Automatictransaxles 192
16.3.1Inputchaindrive 192
16.3.2Outputthree-geardrive 194
16.3.3Outputfour-geardrive 194
16.4Hydrauliccontrolsystems 195
16.4.1Functionsofthehydraulic
controlsystem 195
16.4.2Operationofthehydraulic
controlsystem 195
16.4.3Hydraulicpump 196
16.4.4Pressureregulatorandboost
valves 197
16.4.5Manualvalve 197
16.4.6Throttleandkick-down
valves 200
16.5Electrohydrauliccontrolsystems 202
16.5.1Advantagesofelectronic
transmissioncontrol 202
16.5.2Arrangementandfunctioningof
anelectronic?transmission
controlsystem 202
Newwordsandexpressions 203
Notestothetext 204
Unit17PropellerShaftsandJoints 208
17.1Universaljoints 208
17.2Flexiblejoints 209
17.3Jointsforfront-axlehalf-shafts 210
Newwordsandexpressions 211
Notestothetext 211
Unit18Differential 214
18.1Finaldrive 214
18.2Constructionandoperatingprinciple
ofthedifferential 215
18.2.1Constructionofbevel-gear
differential 215
18.2.2Operatingprincipleof
differential 216
18.2.3Constructionofspur-gear
differential 216
18.3Differentiallock 217
18.3.1Dog-clutchdifferentiallock 217
18.3.2Automaticdifferentiallocksand
limited-slipdifferentials 218
Newwordsandexpressions 221
Notestothetext 221
Unit19Suspension 224
19.1Basicstructureofsuspension 224
19.2Suspensionoperatingprinciple 224
19.2.1Oscillation 225
19.2.2Suspensionbump,rollandpitch
movements 226
19.3Typesofspring 227
19.3.1Leafsprings 227
19.3.2Coilsprings 227
19.3.3Torsionbarsprings 228
19.4Dampers 229
19.4.1Twin-tubedampers 229
19.4.2Single-tubedampers 230
19.5Wheellocation 230
19.5.1Rigidaxle 231
19.5.2Independentsuspension 232
Newwordsandexpressions 233
Notestothetext 233
Unit20Steering 237
20.1Steeringtrapeze 237
20.2Geometryofsteeredfrontwheels 238
20.2.1Camberangleknuckle 238
20.2.2Kingpininclination 239
20.2.3Steeringoffset
(scrubradius) 239

汽車技術（英語版）

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