巴爾的摩市東南的麥克亨利堡,建在一個小半島上,是個平面成五角星狀的要塞,扼進港要道。第二次美英戰爭期間作為前哨陣地抗擊英軍。1814年,英國艦隊直撲麥克亨利堡,晝夜連續猛轟此堡。當時,有一位名叫弗朗西斯·斯科特·基的美國律師乘船到英艦交涉釋放被扣留的美國平民。他目擊了英軍炮轟麥克亨利堡及美軍英勇抵抗的慘烈場面,憂心如焚。1814年9月13日凌晨,弗朗西斯·斯科特·基透過炮火的硝煙,看到一面美國國旗仍然在城堡上迎風飄揚,他被這景像深深感動,隨手在一封信的背後寫下了幾行詩。後來,他把詩稿送給法官尼科爾遜(Nicholson),得到大力讚賞,並建議用一首當時非常流行的曲子John Stafford Smith作曲的“To Anacreon in Heaven”做為配曲,同時取歌名為“星條旗之歌”(The Star-Spangled Banner),這首歌深受美國人民的喜愛,很快就傳遍全國。1931年,美國國會正式將《星光燦爛的旗幟》定為美國國歌。
歌詞是一位名叫弗朗西斯·斯科特·基(Francis Scott Key)的美國律師,在1814年英美戰爭(亦稱美加戰爭或第二次北美獨立戰爭)期間的巴爾的摩,透過戰場上的硝煙看到星條旗經過英軍炮轟後仍在要塞上空高高飄揚時感慨萬分而即景寫下的。歌詞寫出來後,在一名法官的建議下,配上了英國作曲家約翰·斯塔福德·史密斯(John Stafford Smith)創作的《To Anacreon in Heaven》,從此流傳開來,直到1931年被美國國會正式定為國歌。
歌詞
美國國歌共包括四節,絕大多數場合只唱第一節。
Oh, say can you see by the dawn's early light,
What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming?
Whose broad stripes and bright stars thru the perilous fight,
O'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming?
And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air,
Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there.
Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave,
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?
On the shore, dimly seen through the mists of the deep,
Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes,
What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep,
As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses?
Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam,
In full glory reflected now shines in the stream:
'Tis the star-spangled banner! Oh long may it wave,
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.
When our land is illuminated with liberty’s smile,
If a foe from within strikes a blow at her glory,
Down, down with the traitor that tries to defile
The flag of the stars, and the page of her story!
By the millions unchained,
Who their birthright have gained
We will keep her bright blazon forever unstained;
And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave,
While the land of the free is the home of the brave.
And where is that band who so vauntingly swore?
That the havoc of war and the battle's confusion.
A home and a country should leave us no more,
Their blood has washed out of of their foul footsteps' pollution.
No refuge could save the hireling and slave,
From the terror of flight and the gloom of the grave.
And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave,
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.
Oh! thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand,
Between their loved home and the war's desolation!
Blest with victory and peace, may the heav'n rescued land;
Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation.
Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just,
And this be our motto: "In God is our trust."
And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave,
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.
歌詞翻譯
喔,你可看見,透過一線曙光,我們對著什麼,發出歡呼的聲浪?
誰的闊條明星,冒著一夜炮火,依然迎風招展,在我軍碉堡上?
火炮閃閃發光,炸彈轟轟作響,它們都是見證,國旗安然無恙。
你看星條旗不是還高高飄揚,在這自由國家,勇士的家鄉?
透過稠密的霧,隱約望見對岸,頑敵正在酣睡,四周沉寂夜闌珊。
微風斷斷續續,吹過峻崖之巔,你說那是什麼,風中半隱又半現?
現在它的身上,映著朝霞爛漫,凌空照在水面,霎時紅光一片。
這是星條旗!但願它長久飄揚,在這自由國家,勇士的家鄉。
都到哪裡去了,信誓旦旦的人?他們嚮往的是能在戰爭中倖存。
家鄉和祖國,不要拋棄他們,他們自己用血,洗清骯髒的腳印。
這些奴才、傭兵,沒有地方藏身,逃脫不了失敗和死亡的命運。
但是星條旗卻將要繼續飄揚,在這自由國家,勇士的家鄉。
玉碎還是瓦全,擺在我們面前,自由人將奮起保衛國旗長招展!
祖國自有天相,勝利和平在望;建國家,保家鄉,感謝上帝的力量。
我們一定得勝,正義屬於我方,“我們信賴上帝。”此語永矢不忘。
你看星條旗將高高飄揚,在這自由國家,勇士的家鄉。
關於譯名
The Star-Spangled Banner直譯為“星光燦爛的旗幟”,正式翻譯常用《星條旗》或者《星條旗之歌》。