學成語知中國

課程大綱

01

成語概說 Chapter 1 Introduction to Chinese idioms

學習目標：通過本章節的學習，了解成語的特點、結構和來源，感受成語背後的歷史典故、風土人情、自然風光和哲學思考，進而認識成語背後繽紛多彩的中國文化。Learning target：Students should come to understand the characteristics, structure and source of Chinese idioms after learning this chapter. They may comprehend their historical allusions, Chinese customs, natural scenery and philosophical thinking, and then discover the colorful Chinese culture behind these idioms.

課時

第一講成語概說

Lesson1：Introduction to Chinese idioms

02

日拜翻故常生活（上）Chapter 2 Daily life

學習目標：通過學習本章節，了解與掌握與飲食相關的常用成語，能夠在日常生活中靈活運用，同時，增進對中國飲食文化以及相關典故的理解。Learning target：By studying this chapter, you can learn about the common idioms related to eating and drinking, and be able to use them flexibly in daily life, and at the same time improve the understanding of Chinese food culture and related allusions.

課時

第一講民以食為天 —— 飲食類

Lesson 1：Food is the most important in people’s life —— Food idioms

第一節民以食為天

Section 1：Food is the most important

第二節吃什麼

Section 2：What to eat

第三節怎么吃

Section 3：How to eat

第四節怎么做

Section 4：how to cook

03

日常生活（中）Chapter 2 Daily life

學習目標：服飾成語，分四節，將詳細戀譽員解讀十多個重點府歡殃成語，包括錦衣玉食、衣冠禽獸、衣錦還鄉、量體裁衣等，並講解這些服飾成語反映出哪些中國傳統社會生活，價值觀念，倫理道德及哲學思想等。Learning target：Clothing Idiom is divided into four sections, will interpret in detail more than ten key idioms, such as jin yi yu shi ,yi guan qin shou, yi jin huan xiang,liang ti cai yi ,etc. The course will explain the traditional Chinese social life, values, ethics and philosophy reflected in these clothing idioms.

課時

第二講人靠衣服馬靠鞍 —— 服飾類

Lesson 2：Clothes make the man —— Clothes idioms

第一節衣食之需

Section 1：Need for clothing and food

第二節衣束判坑照冠有禮

Section 2：Clothing protocol

第三節衣飾明義

Section 3：Values in dress

第四節穿戴寓理

Section 4：Wisdom in wearing

04

日常生活（下）Chapter 2 Daily life

學習目標：通過這個主題的學習，學習者應該掌握漢語中與居住和旅行有關的成語，進而能凳肯更好地理解中國的傳統建築、中國人的家庭觀只項煮獄念、中國交通工具的演變與潤仔榜旅途中的人文關懷。Learning target：Learning objective of Chinese idioms about habitation and travel Through the study of this theme, learners should grasp Chinese idioms related to residence and travel, so as to better understand Chinese traditional architecture, Chinese family concept, the evolution of Chinese vehicles and humanistic care in the journey.

課時

第三講家與遠方 —— 住行類

Lesson 3：Home and away —— Chinese idioms about habitation and travelling

第一節傳統建築密碼

Section 1：Code of traditional architecturearchitecture

第二節家，永遠的情結

Section 2：Family，eternal connection

第三節車馬船帆

Section 3：Horses and sails

第四節人在旅途

Section 4：People on the road

05

自然生態（上） Chapter 3 Natural ecology

學習目標：通過這個主題的學習，學習者應該掌握漢語中與自然界中的山與水相關的成語，進而了解中國的山水地理知識，以及中國山水的文化內涵，明白山水在中國文化中的象徵意義。Learning target：Learning objective of Chinese idioms about mountains and waterThrough the study of this theme, learners should know Chinese idioms related to mountains and water in nature, furthermore, understand the knowledge of Chinese landscape geography, as well as the cultural connotation of Chinese landscape, and comprehend the symbolic significance of mountains and water in Chinese culture.

課時

第一講萬水千山總是情 —— 山水類

Lesson 1：The love of Nature —— Chinese idioms about mountain and water

第一節江山如畫

Section 1：Picturesque nature

第二節巍巍乎高山

Section 2：Towering Mountains

第三節洋洋乎流水

Section 3：Boundless waters

06

自然生態（中） Chapter 3 Natural ecology

學習目標：通過本章14個重點動物成語的學習，掌握這14個成語的意義內涵、結構特點和使用方式，同時在日常交流中靈活運用,了解這些動物類成語所蘊含的歷史文化內涵。Learning target：There are 14 key animal-related idioms to learn in this chapter, whose meaning and connotation, structure characteristics and use of method are required to be understand. Besides, students should use them freely in their daily talk, and get to realize the profound historical and cultural meaning behind these idioms.

課時

第二講飛禽走獸，萬物有靈 —— 動物類

Lesson 2：Like birds and beasts, everything has its spirit —— Idioms related to animals

第一節展翅高飛

Section 1：(Birds) soar high with their wings

第二節四蹄生風

Section 2：(Horses) run fast with the wind

第三節水中游弋

Section 3：(Swimming fish) cruise in the water

07

自然生態（下） Chapter 3 Natural ecology

學習目標：通過這個主題的學習，學習者應該掌握漢語中與植物有關的成語，並進而了解不同植物在中國文化中的象徵意味，尤其是了解松、竹、梅、桃花、荷花、蘭花等在中國的人格化的內涵。Learning target：Learning objective of Chinese idioms about plantThrough the study of this theme, learners should grasp Chinese idioms related to plants, and then understand the symbolic meanings of different plants in Chinese culture, especially the personification of pine, bamboo, plum, peach blossom, lotus, orchid and so on in China.

課時

第三講植物一花一葉一世界 —— 植物類

Lesson 3：One flower, one leaf, one world —— Chinese idioms about plants

第一節松及其他植物

Section 1：Pine and Other plants

第二節梅及其他植物

Section 2：Plum and other plants

第三節竹及其他植物

Section 3：Bamboo and other plants

08

人物風貌（上）Chapter 4 Typical Personalities

學習目標：通過學習能夠在生活中熟練運用關於描寫人物的外表、氣質及神態類的14個成語，了解成語的出處及相關背景知識。Learning target：After this class, You will learn the original stories and backgrounds of the following 14 idioms which are used to describe persons’ appearances, temperament and expressions.And use them in your daily life properly.

課時

第一講人生百態，儀態萬千 —— 儀態類

Lesson 1：Bearing —— Our gestures tell our secrets

第一節外表

Section 1：Appearance

第二節氣質

Section 2：Temperament

第三節神態

Section 3：Expression

09

人物風貌（中）Chapter 4 Typical Personalities

學習目標：動作成語，分三節，涉及與手足動作、身體語言、動作寓言相關的十幾個成語；重點成語有：走馬觀花、舉手之勞、掩耳盜鈴、聞雞起舞等。動作成語體現出漢民族身體語言及心理特徵，而寓言故事與古代思想及智慧不可分割，也涉及歷史人物事跡。Learning target：Action Idiom is divided into three sections, involving idioms of hand and foot movements, body language, action fables, including more than a dozen key idioms, such as: zou ma guan hua, jü shou zhi lao, yan er dao ling ,wen ji qi wu, etc. Action idioms embody the body language and psychological characteristics of the Chinese nation, while fables are inseparable from ancient thoughts and wisdom, sometimes also involve the deeds of historical figures.

課時

第二講舉手投足皆有情 —— 動作類

Lesson 2：Body actions convey one’s feelings —— Action idioms

第一節肢體語言和眉目傳情

Section 1：Body actions and facial expressions(一)

第二節體態傳情

Section 2：Body actions and facial expressions(二)

第三節動作類成語故事

Section 3：The stories of action idioms

10

人物風貌（下）Chapter 4 Typical Personalities

學習目標：通過學習能夠在生活中熟練運用描寫人類喜怒哀樂的情緒的15個常用成語，了解這些成語的出處以及相關文化背景知識。 Learning target：After this class,You will learn the original stories and backgrounds of the following 15 idioms which are used to express different human emotions .And use them in your daily life properly.

課時

第三講人有悲歡離合 —— 情緒類

Lesson 3：Emotion —— A time to weep ,A time to laugh,A time to mourn,A time to dance

第一節面部表情

Section 1：Facial expression

第二節肢體動作

Section 2：Body movements

第三節直接表達

Section 3：Descriptions of emotions

11

思維認知（上）Chapter 5 Thinking cognition

學習目標：數字成語，包括單數成語和整數成語兩節，重點成語包括：一帆風順、朝三暮四百花齊放、萬眾一心等。本課程將講解數字成語及其中國的數字文化，也將介紹數字成語的形式美、音韻美，以及漢語成語的修辭特點。Learning target：Digital Idiom includes 2 sections：idioms of single digits and integers, including a dozen key idioms, such as: yi fan feng shun, zhao san mu si, bai hua qi fang ,wan zhong yi xin, etc. The course will explain digital idioms and Chinese digital culture, as well as their formal feature , phonological beauty, and rhetorical characteristics.

課時

第一講心中有數 —— 數字類

Lesson 1：The Numbers in Your Heart —— digital idioms

第一節數數不同（個數成語）

Section 1：Single digit idiom

第二節成千上萬（整數成語）

Section 2：Integer idiom

12

思維認知（中）Chapter 5 Thinking cognition

學習目標：通過學習本章節，了解與掌握與顏色相關的常用成語，能夠在日常生活中靈活運用；同時，更深入理解中國語境中顏色的文化內涵。Learning target：By studying this chapter, you can understand and master the common idioms related to color, which can be used flexibly in daily life. At the same time, you can better understand the cultural connotation of color in the context of China.

課時

第二講五彩世界 —— 顏色類

Lesson 2：a colorful world —— Color idioms

第一節彩色人生

Section 1：colorful life

第二節時光荏苒

Section 2：time flies

第三節從對比到多元

Section 3：from comparison to diversity

13

思維認知（下）Chapter 5 Thinking cognition

學習目標：本課通過8個重點成語的學習，使學生完成以下目標：（1）掌握這些成語的用法；（2）了解漢語中兩類具有不同結構特點的方位成語，即結構上對稱的詞語和結構上不對稱的詞語。前者的內部結構主要是並列式，後者的內部結構較為複雜，常常來源於特定的歷史典故。Learning target：By studing the 8 key idioms in this chaper, students will achieve the following goals: (1) mastering the use of these idioms; (2) understanding two kinds of directional idioms with different structural characteristics in Chinese, namely, structurally symmetrical words and structurally asymmetrical words. The internal structure of the former is mainly parallel, while the internal structure of the latter is more complex, which often comes from specific historical allusions.

課時

第三講：南腔北調話東西 —— 方位類

Lesson 3：Referring the same thing ,living in different directions. —— idioms of directions

第一節對稱式

Section 1：Symmetric idioms

第二節不對稱式

Section 2：Asymmetric idioms

14

人文藝術（上） Chpater 6 Humanistic art

學習目標：通過本章三個專題16個重點成語的學習，使學生完成以下目標：（1）掌握這些詞語的用法；（2）了解中國古人對於文章的敬畏、對於知識的嚮往以及對於優秀作品的珍視。Learning target：By studing the 16 key idioms in three topics in this chapter, the students can achieve the following goals: (1) to master the use of these words; (2) to understand the awe of the ancient Chinese for the article, the yearning for knowledge and the treasure of excellent works.

課時

第一講天工人巧，各領風騷 —— 文學類

Lesson 1：Talent ,effert and masterpiece of literature —— literature idioms

第一節對寫作者的評價

Section 1：Description of a writer

第二節對作品的評述

Section 2：Evaluation of works

第三節對寫作過程的描述

Section 3：Description about the process of writing

15

人文藝術（中） Chpater 6 Humanistic art

學習目標：通過學習本章節，了解與掌握與音樂相關的常用成語，能夠在日常交流中靈活運用，同時，更深入理解成語背後的歷史文化內涵。Learning target：By studying this chapter, you can understand and master the common idioms related to music, and you can use them flexibly in daily communication. At the same time, you can better understand the historical and cultural connotations behind these idioms.

課時

第二講餘音繞樑，三日不絕 —— 音樂類

Lesson 2：“The music lingered for three days in the house” or A fantastic musical world

第一節我聽你唱

Section 1：I am listening to your songs

第二節效果不凡

Section 2：Extraordinary effect

第三節歷史鉤沉

Section 3：Historical story

16

人文藝術（下） Chpater 6 Humanistic art

學習目標：通過本章11個重點繪畫類成語的學習，掌握這11個成語的意義內涵、結構特點和使用方式，同時在日常交流中靈活運用,了解這些繪畫類成語所蘊含的歷史文化內涵。Learning target：Through learning 11 key idioms related to Chinese paintings given in this chapter, students should have a masterly command of the connotation and meaning, structure features and use methods of them. They should also use them totally freely, and then understand the historical and cultural connotation carried by these idioms.

課時

第三講妙手丹青，揮毫潑墨 —— 繪畫類

Lesson 3：Brush-Painting and calligraphy-Idioms related to painting

第一節畫龍點睛

Section 1：To add the finishing touch (on the dragon-painting)

第二節妙手丹青

Section 2：A skilled painter expert in brush-painting

第三節栩栩如生

Section 3：Lifelike and vivid as the real scenery

17

人情冷暖 Chapter 7 Interpersonal Relationships

學習目標：通過學習本章節，了解和掌握與中國人的家庭關係、社會關係以及朋友關係相關的常用成語，能夠在談論相關話題時靈活運用，同時增進對中國不同層面人際關係以及相關典故的理解。Learning Target: By studying this chapter, you will understand and master the common idioms about Chinese family relationship, social relationship and friendship, and be able to use them when discussing related topics. At the same time, your understanding of Chinese interpersonal relationships at different levels and related allusions will be enhanced.

課時

第一講家和萬事興——家庭關係

Lesson 1: A harmonious family cultivates prosperity –Family Relationship

第二講以和為貴——社會關係

Lesson 2: Harmony is most precious – Social Relationship

第三講海記憶體知己——朋友關係

Lesson 3: A bosom friend afar brings a distant land near – Friendship

參考教材

《成語大詞典》編委會（2014）《成語大辭典》，北京：商務印書館國際有限公司。

喬忠延（2017）《成語裡的中國歷史》，北京：商務印書館。

說詞解字辭書研究中心（2017）《多功能成語大詞典》，北京：華語教學出版社。

學成語知中國

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