《基於粒計算模型的圖像處理》是2019年11月人民郵電出版社出版的圖書，作者是郝曉麗。
基本介紹
- 中文名：基於粒計算模型的圖像處理
- 作者：郝曉麗
- 出版時間：2019年11月
- 出版社：人民郵電出版社
- 頁數：238 頁
- ISBN：9787115516954
- 定價：139 元
- 開本：16 開
- 裝幀：平裝
內容簡介,圖書目錄,
內容簡介
本書是為零基礎的讀者打造的機器人製作入門指南，著重講述電池供電機器人的製作過程和相關知識，圖文並茂，內容詳細。閱讀本書不要求你有正規工科知識背景，只要你對科學有興趣，喜歡製作機器人，那么通過這本書循序漸進的講解，就能製作出很棒的作品。
圖書目錄
第 1 章 歡迎機器人發明家.....................................................1
四門學科........................................................................................... 1
什麼是自製機器人...............................................................................1
大腦 ..................................................................................................................2
電源 ..................................................................................................................3
感測器 ...............................................................................................................4
動作和反饋 ........................................................................................................5
電機控制器 ........................................................................................................5
其他元件 ............................................................................................................6
身體 ..................................................................................................................6
搭建................................................................................................. 7
循序漸進 ............................................................................................................7
製作模組 ............................................................................................................7
樂趣第 一，不怕失敗 ............................................................................................7
尋找同好，獲得幫助 ............................................................................................8
不斷進取........................................................................................... 8
第 2 章 如何購買材料和工具................................................10
獲取免費信息................................................................................... 10
發現有價值信息................................................................................ 11
善用對比 ..........................................................................................................11
零件統計 ..........................................................................................................11
比較價格 ..........................................................................................................12
怎么省錢......................................................................................... 12
第 3 章 安全常識.............................................................14
年齡和經驗的重要性.......................................................................... 14
詳細說明......................................................................................... 14
會看化學品標籤 ................................................................................................15
佩戴護目鏡...................................................................................... 15
保管護目鏡的方法 .............................................................................................15
穿著安全服...................................................................................... 15
確保通風良好................................................................................... 16
正確儲存......................................................................................... 16
讓周圍的人了解你的工作 ....................................................................................16
飯前洗手......................................................................................... 16
遠離有害元素................................................................................... 16
鉛 ...................................................................................................................17
水銀 ................................................................................................................17
鎘 ...................................................................................................................18
購買帶有 RoHS 標誌的安全產品 .........................................................................18
電擊............................................................................................... 18
AC 和 DC 的區別 ..............................................................................................18
使用可充電電池和專用變壓器 ..............................................................................19
使用空氣開關和帶漏電保護的插座 .......................................................................19
保留地線 ..........................................................................................................20
不帶電工作 ......................................................................................................20
不要製作危險的機器人........................................................................ 20
控制好電機尺寸................................................................................ 21
照明............................................................................................... 21
注意休息做好計畫............................................................................. 21
第 4 章 數字萬用表........................................................... 22
必 備功能......................................................................................... 22
數字顯示 ..........................................................................................................22
位數 ................................................................................................................23
DC 電壓 ..........................................................................................................23
DC 電流 ..........................................................................................................23
電阻 ................................................................................................................23
表筆或探針 ......................................................................................................23
過載 / 熔絲保護 .................................................................................................24
附加功能......................................................................................... 24
電容 ................................................................................................................24
二極體 .............................................................................................................24
連通性 .............................................................................................................24
頻率 ................................................................................................................24
占空比 .............................................................................................................25
自動量程 ..........................................................................................................25
自動關機 ..........................................................................................................25
電晶體 .............................................................................................................25
雙顯 ................................................................................................................26
**大值 .............................................................................................................26
**小值 .............................................................................................................26
支架 ................................................................................................................26
可選功能......................................................................................... 26
電感 ................................................................................................................26
數據接口 ..........................................................................................................27
示波器 .............................................................................................................27
背光 ................................................................................................................27
秒表 / 單脈衝寬度 ..............................................................................................27
溫度 ................................................................................................................27
聲音 ................................................................................................................28
計數器 .............................................................................................................28
條形圖 .............................................................................................................28
數據保持 ..........................................................................................................28
數據自動 ..........................................................................................................28
高/低/邏輯 .....................................................................................................28
記憶 ................................................................................................................29
相對 ................................................................................................................29
偏差 ................................................................................................................29
限定測試 / 比較 .................................................................................................29
皮套或橡膠套 ...................................................................................................29
AC 功能.......................................................................................... 29
AC 電壓 ..........................................................................................................29
真有效值 ..........................................................................................................30
AC 電流 ..........................................................................................................30
購買掛鈎探針 ...................................................................................................30
萬用表對比參考................................................................................ 30
了解低端萬用表的功能 .......................................................................................31
了解中檔萬用表的功能 .......................................................................................32
了解高檔萬用表的功能 .......................................................................................33
功能和價格的對比 .............................................................................................34
嘗試其他的萬用表 .............................................................................................34
先準備好萬用表再工作........................................................................ 34
選擇度量衡...................................................................................... 35
千進制計數法................................................................................... 35
第 5 章 計量單位.............................................................35
大M和小m .....................................................................................................36
希臘字母 μ 的替換 ............................................................................................37
單位縮寫......................................................................................... 37
信息有限怎么辦................................................................................ 38
判斷單位 ..........................................................................................................38
擴展第三位 ......................................................................................................38
顏色和數字的轉換 .............................................................................................39
用萬用表測量元件值 ..........................................................................................40
基礎知識總結................................................................................... 40
明確試驗環境................................................................................... 41
路面材質 ..........................................................................................................41
第 9 章 循線機器人........................................................... 41
光照條件 ..........................................................................................................42
確定路線 ..........................................................................................................42
弧線和交叉線 ...................................................................................................43
試驗環境的總體要求 ..........................................................................................44
確定機器人的尺寸............................................................................. 44
認識 Sandwich................................................................................ 44
Sandwich 的結構 .............................................................................................45
循線開關 ..........................................................................................................45
Sandwich 的身體 .............................................................................................49
購買套件......................................................................................... 50
搭建............................................................................................... 50
測量電池電壓................................................................................... 51
設定萬用表的電壓測量檔 ....................................................................................51
第 7 章 9V 電池..............................................................51
分析測量結果 ...................................................................................................52
9V 電池的特性................................................................................. 53
9V 電池推薦.................................................................................... 54
推薦 ................................................................................................................54
不建議使用的電池 .............................................................................................56
電池......................................................................................... 57
給機器人用上 9V 電池........................................................................ 58
安裝電池 ..........................................................................................................58
繼續前進......................................................................................... 59
第 8 章 鱷魚夾子和探針...................................................... 60
鱷魚夾子......................................................................................... 60
購買鉤夾......................................................................................... 60
跳線的測試...................................................................................... 61
萬用表的連通性測試檔 .......................................................................................61
開路測試 ..........................................................................................................62
短路測試 ..........................................................................................................63
測試鱷魚夾子跳線（短路） .................................................................................63
查找無效連線................................................................................... 64
跳線連線......................................................................................... 64
用電阻限制功耗................................................................................ 65
購買電阻包...................................................................................... 65
第 9 章 電阻................................................................... 65
熟悉電阻的大小和誤差........................................................................ 66
剪腳............................................................................................... 66
購買剪線工具 ...................................................................................................67
電阻和歐姆...................................................................................... 67
測量電阻......................................................................................... 68
查看萬用表上顯示的阻值 ....................................................................................68
體驗阻值範圍 ...................................................................................................69
線上查找電阻值................................................................................ 69
標記和儲存...................................................................................... 70
購買元件收納盒 ................................................................................................70
不要操之過急................................................................................... 71
第 10 章 LED................................................................72
了解 LED 的特性.............................................................................. 72
LED 的尺寸 .....................................................................................................72
LED 的形狀 .....................................................................................................73
LED 的鏡頭透明度 ............................................................................................74
LED 的可視角 ..................................................................................................74
LED 的顏色 .....................................................................................................75
LED 的亮度 .....................................................................................................76
LED 的效率 .....................................................................................................76
超近距離觀察 LED............................................................................ 77
認識多色 LED.................................................................................. 78
雙色 LED ........................................................................................................78
三色或三態 LED ...............................................................................................78
全彩 LED ........................................................................................................78
測試 LED........................................................................................ 79
設定萬用表的二極體模式 ....................................................................................79
分析 LED 測試結果 ...........................................................................................79
元件混裝包...................................................................................... 81
點燈上路......................................................................................... 82
搭建和測試電源指示電路 ....................................................................................83
什麼是元件列表................................................................................ 83
第 11 章 供電.................................................................83
查看電路圖 ......................................................................................................84
電源指示電路................................................................................... 84
看見亮光了嗎？ ................................................................................................85
測試電源指示電路 .............................................................................................85
熟悉每個元件的功能.......................................................................... 86
測量電源指示電路............................................................................. 86
測量線上電壓 ...................................................................................................86
測量電流 ..........................................................................................................89
計算電池壽命 ...................................................................................................90
不要把表筆插在電流端子上測量電壓 ....................................................................92
電路總結......................................................................................... 93
第 12 章 免焊測試............................................................94
尋求一種更好的方法.......................................................................... 94
免焊麵包板...................................................................................... 94
用插孔實現連線 ................................................................................................95
接線柱 .............................................................................................................97
怎么挑選麵包板 ................................................................................................98
免焊麵包板的配套連線........................................................................ 99
跳線的選擇 ....................................................................................................100
自製跳線........................................................................................101
剝去導線兩端的絕緣外皮 ..................................................................................102
按長度切割導線 ..............................................................................................102
彎曲導線末端 .................................................................................................102
建立連線........................................................................................104
電源的設計.....................................................................................105
購買 9V 電池連線器 ........................................................................................105
把電源連線到接線柱 ........................................................................................106
第 13 章 設定免焊電路板.................................................. 105
挑選電源開關..................................................................................106
SPDT 的含義 .................................................................................................107
把開關安裝到麵包板 ........................................................................................107
連線電源匯流排..................................................................................108
用跳線擴展萬用表表筆功能 ...............................................................................108
連線下方匯流排 .................................................................................................109
跨接中間的斷點 ..............................................................................................109
安裝 LED 電源指示器........................................................................ 109
測量接點電壓 .................................................................................................110
元件剪腳 ........................................................................................................110
機器人的電源開關............................................................................110
準備向下進行..................................................................................111
第 14 章 可變電阻.......................................................... 112
電位器...........................................................................................112
微調電位器 ....................................................................................................112
調節度盤 ........................................................................................................113
電位器的購買 .................................................................................................113
電位器的測量 .................................................................................................114
LED 亮度調節電路...........................................................................115
搭建 LED 亮度調節電路 ...................................................................................116
亮度平衡電路..................................................................................116
搭建 LED 亮度平衡電路 ...................................................................................117
硫化鎘光敏電阻...............................................................................117
光敏電阻的購買 ..............................................................................................117
測量光敏電阻的阻值變化範圍 ............................................................................118
光控電路........................................................................................118
平衡亮度感測電路............................................................................119
平衡光線感測電路元件列表 ...............................................................................120
平衡感測對管 .................................................................................................120
光敏電阻的配對 ..............................................................................................120
阻抗平衡電位器 ..............................................................................................121
限流電阻 ........................................................................................................121
測試點 ...........................................................................................................122
用分壓器實現電阻和電壓的轉換 .........................................................................124
搭建亮度感測平衡電路 .....................................................................................125
亮度感測電路的平衡調整 ..................................................................................125
第 15 章 比較器............................................................126
電壓比較器.....................................................................................126
認識 LM393 ..................................................................................................126
比較器的購買 .................................................................................................129
亮度比較電路..................................................................................129
電路圖和接線圖的對比 .....................................................................................129
元件編號 ........................................................................................................130
繪製連線和交叉線 ...........................................................................................130
認識亮度比較電路 ...........................................................................................131
亮度比較電路的元件列表 ..................................................................................131
搭建亮度比較電路 ...........................................................................................131
增加光源........................................................................................134
認識雙 LED 光源電路 ......................................................................................134
搭建光源電路 .................................................................................................135
再次使用多個 LED ..........................................................................................136
欣賞簡約之美..................................................................................137
第 16 章 電晶體開關....................................................... 138
負電源的定義..................................................................................138
認識 2907 電晶體 ...........................................................................................139
用萬用表測試雙極型電晶體.................................................................140
使用萬用表的電晶體測試功能 ............................................................................140
使用萬用表的二極體測試檔 ...............................................................................142
雙極型電晶體測試電路....................................................................... 143
PNP 型電晶體的測試電路圖 .............................................................................143
搭建 PNP 型電晶體測試電路 ............................................................................145
NPN 型電晶體的測試電路圖 .............................................................................146
搭建 NPN 型電晶體測試電路 ............................................................................147
帶有電晶體的亮度比較電路.................................................................147
計算電晶體的電流 ...........................................................................................147
搭建帶有電晶體的亮度比較電路 .........................................................................149
PNP 型和 NPN 型電晶體的總結..........................................................150
直流電機的工作原理.........................................................................151
鐵芯永磁直流有刷電機的內部結構 .....................................................................151
第 17 章 直流電機.......................................................... 151
帶有鐵芯的永磁直流無刷電機的內部結構 ............................................................154
沒有鐵芯的永磁直流有刷電機 ............................................................................155
簡易直流電機電路............................................................................156
簡易直流電機電路對電機的要求 .........................................................................156
簡易直流電機電路對電池的要求 .........................................................................156
搭建簡易電機電路 ...........................................................................................157
直流電機的主要特性.........................................................................157
直流電機的轉速特性 ........................................................................................158
直流電機的轉矩特性 ........................................................................................160
直流電機的電壓特性 ........................................................................................162
啟動電流 ........................................................................................................164
空載電流 ........................................................................................................165
載荷電流 ........................................................................................................165
怠速電流 ........................................................................................................165
直流電機的效率特性 ........................................................................................166
直流電機的可聞噪聲 ........................................................................................167
直流電機的電噪聲特性 .....................................................................................167
直流電機的重量 ..............................................................................................168
直流電機的尺寸 ..............................................................................................168
總結直流電機的特點 ........................................................................................168
直流齒輪電機..................................................................................169
直流正齒輪電機的內部結構 ...............................................................................169
認識齒輪的比 .................................................................................................170
轉速和轉矩的轉化關係 .....................................................................................172
齒輪箱的缺點 .................................................................................................173
怎么選擇齒輪減速電機 .....................................................................................173
繼續進行........................................................................................174
選擇減速電機..................................................................................175
購買減速機電機 ..............................................................................................175
第 18 章 安裝減速電機..................................................... 175
齒輪減速電機的結構 ........................................................
