八十美元

八十美元

《八十美元》是美國著名小說家馬克·吐溫先生早期的短篇小說作品之一,批判了二十世紀初期美國社會欺凌小的風氣,表達了對勞動婦女的熱切關懷和對社會倫理破滅的無奈之情。

基本介紹

作者介紹,作品原文,相關試題,

作者介紹

馬克·吐溫(Mark Twain),美國著名作家演說家,真實姓名是薩繆爾·蘭亨·克萊門(Samuel Langhorne Clemens)。“馬克·吐溫”是他的筆名,原是密西西比河水手使用的表示在航道上所測水的深度的術語。
八十美元
馬克·吐溫像
馬克·吐溫12歲時,父親去世,他只好停學,到工廠當小工。後來他又換了不少職業,曾做過密西西比河的領航員、礦工及新聞記者工作。漸漸地著手寫一些有趣的小品,開始了自己的寫作生涯。
馬克·吐溫一生寫了大量作品,題材涉及小說、劇本、散文、詩歌等各方面。從內
容上說,他的作品批判了不合理現象或人性的醜惡之處,表達了這位當過排字工人和水手的作家強烈的正義感和對普通人民的關心;從風格上說,專家們和一般讀者都認為,幽默和諷刺是他的寫作特點。
馬克·吐溫是美國批判現實主義文學的奠基人,他的主要作品已大多有中文譯本。他經歷了美國從初期資本主義到帝國主義的發展過程,其思想和創作也表現為從輕快調笑到辛辣諷刺再到悲觀厭世的發展階段,前期以辛辣的諷刺見長,到了後期語言更為暴露激烈。被譽為“美國文學史上的林肯”。他於1910年4月21日去世,享年七十五歲,安葬於紐約州艾瑪拉。

作品原文

Eighty Dollars
By Mark Twain
A few years ago I asked my children's governess, Julia Vassilyevna, to come into my study.
'' Sit down, Julia Vassilyevna,'' I said.''Let's settle our accounts. Although you most likely need some
money, you stand on ceremony and won't ask for it yourself. Now then, we agree on thirty rubles a
month…''
'' Forty.''
'' No, thirty. I made a note of it. I always pay the governess thirty. Now then, you've been here two
months, so…''
'' Two months and five days.''
'' Exactly two months. I made a specific note of it. That means you have sixty rubles coming to you.
Subtract nine Sundays… you know you didn't work with Kolya on Sundays, you only took walks. And
three holidays…''
Julia Vassilyevna flushed a deep red and picked at the flounce of her dress, but-not a word.
'' Three holidays, therefore take off twelve rubles. Four days Kolya was sick and there were no
lessons, as you were occupied only with Vanya. Three days you had a toothache and my wife gave you
permission not to work after lunch. Twelve and seven-nineteen. Subtract…that leaves…hmm…forty-one
rubles. Correct?''
Julia Vassilyena's left eye reddened and filled with moisture. Her chin trembled; she coughed nervously andblew her nose, but-not a word.
'' Around New Year's you broke a teacup and saucer: take off two rubles. The cup cost more, it was
an heirloom, but-let it go. When didn't I take a loss? Then, due to your neglect, Kolya climbed a tree
and tore his jacket: take off ten. Also due to your heedlessness the maid stole Vanya's shoes. You ought
to watch everything! You get paid for it. So, that means five more rubles off. The tenth of January I gave
you ten rubles…''
'' You didn't '' whispered Julia Vassilyevna.
'' But I made a note of it.''
'' Well…all right.''
'' Take twenty-seven from forty-one-that leaves fourteen.''
Both eyes filled with tears. Perspiration appeared on the thin, pretty little nose. Poor girl!
'' Only once was I given any money,'' she said in a trembling voice, '' and that was by your wife. Three
rubles, nothing more.''
'' Really? You see now, and I didn't make a note of it! Take three from fourteen… leaves eleven.
Here's your money, my dear. Three , three, three, one and one. Here it is!''
I handed her eleven rubles. She took them and with trembling fingers stuffed them into her pocket.
'' Merci,'' she whispered.
I jumped up and started pacing the room. I was overcome with anger.
'' For what, this-'merci'?'' I asked.
'' For the money.''
'' But you know I've cheated you, God's sake-robbed you! I have actually stolen from you! Why
this 'merci'?''
'' In my other places they didn't give me anything at all.''
'' They didn't give you anything? No wonder! I played a little joke on you, a cruel lesson, just to teach
you … I'm going to give you the entire eighty rubles! Here they are in an envelope all ready for you…Is it
really possible to be so spineless? Why don't you protest? Why be silent? Is it possible in this world to be without teeth and claws-to be such a nincompoop?''
She smiled crookedly and I read in her expression: '' It is possible.''
I asked her pardon for the cruel lesson and , to her great surprise, gave her the eighty rubles. She
murmured her litter ''merci'' several times and went out. I looked after her and thought: ''How easy it is to
crush the weak in this world!''

相關試題

1. When the employer called Julia Vassilyevna in to talk with him, what he really wanted
to do was _______
A. to settle their accounts
B. to criticize her for neglecting her duties as a governess.
C. to play a joke on her so as to amuse himself.
D. to teach her not to be so spineless.
2. The employer made all those criticisms about Julia Vassiliyevna's work because __________.
A. she had neglected her duties.
B. he wanted to pay her as little money as possible.
C. he wanted to make her realize that she was being cheated and protest against it.
D. he wanted to make her feel miserable.
3. Julia Vassilyevna accepted everything her employer said because ________.
A. she had in fact neglected her duties.
B. she was a very dumb girl.
C. she thought it was of no use to protest to her employer.
D. she loved the children she taught.
4. The employer became very angry when Julia Vassilyevna said '' Merci'' because ________.
A. she didn't say ''Merci'' loudly.
B. she didn't protest to him.
C. he thought that by simply saying '' Merci'' she wasn't polite enough.
D. he didn't like the way in which she stuffed the money into per pocket and expressed her thanks.
5. The text is about _______.
A. how a governess was cheated by her employer.
B. how an employer tried to teach the governess a cruel lesson.
C. how a governess was fired by her employer for being a nincompoop.
D. how an employer punished the governess for not having done a good job.

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