傘座孢屬是一種真菌分類。
基本介紹
- 中文名：傘座孢屬
- 外文名：Agaricodochium Liu, gen. nov.
編號 | AMS-81-22 |
拉丁菌名 | Agaricodochium Liu, gen. nov. |
中文菌名 | 傘座孢屬 |
定名人 | 劉錫[王+進] |
Nomencla | Liu Xijin |
發表文章 | 油茶軟腐病病原菌的研究 |
Article | Studies on the Pathogenic Fungus of the Soft-Rot of Tea-Oil Trees |
作者 | 劉錫[王+進] 李惠中 // 魏安靖 樊尚仁 楊萬安 周水林 |
Author | Liu Xijin and Li Huizhong / Wei Anjing, Fan Shangren, Yang Wan'an and Zhou Shuilin |
作者單位 | 中國科學院 微生物研究所真菌地衣系統學實驗室, 北京 100080 // 浙江常山縣油茶研究所, 浙江常山 |
摘要 | 油茶軟腐病於 五十年代末在我國一些油茶栽培地區陸續發現, 但迄今病 原菌尚未肯定. 本文著重報導病原菌的鑑定和分類. 為給 鑑定病原菌提供資料起見,試驗中分別進行了人工接種, 結果實驗室內的葉片和枝梢水槽濺水二項保濕措施卻只產 生與大田病株相同的病斑而極少在病斑表面形成"蘑菇"型 分生孢子座,只有實驗室外的三項處理, 即使用病組織分 離獲得的培養物接種, 也獲得52.2-100%形成“蘑菇”型 分生孢子座的病葉率. 從而證實了油茶軟腐病病斑及其表 面上的“蘑菇”型構制是同一種菌所產生, 並證實了“蘑 菇”型構制是病原菌的子實體. 再從大田葉斑表面形成 (乃至人工誘發)的黑頂的和未黑頂的"蘑菇"型的分生孢子 座的切片看出, 黑頂的頂面全部為瓶梗和瓶梗孢子鏈所覆 蓋, 而未黑頂的則展示出是由極緊密的分生孢子梗從其柄 部頂端向邊緣輻射生長組成.這就清楚表明, 這種"蘑菇 "型構制是病原菌的分生孢子座, 從而為鑑定提供較為完 整的資料. 研究中也將本菌與兩近似屬 Nalanthamala 和 Agyriella 進行了比較, 可是發現這兩個屬的任何一 個也不能安置油茶軟腐病病原菌. 因而我們以油條傘座孢 Agaricodochium camelliae Liu, Wei et Fan, sp. nov. 為模式種而成立一新屬 --- 傘座孢屬 Agaricodochium Liu, gen. nov. |
Abstract | A soft-rot disease of tea-oil trees was found in succession in some plantations in China in the late 1950's, but so far the causal fungus has not been identified.This paper deals with the identification and classification, as well as the symptomatology, host-range, cultural characterstics,pathogenicity and formation of the 'agariclike' structures (i.e. sporodo-chia) of the pathogeinc fungus. The eausal fungus was isolated from sporodochia or diseased tissues. No difference in cultural charaters of the isolates from both sources was observed.Inocula including: bits of mycelia from pure culture isolated from diseased tissues and single sporodochia on the leves of the teaoil treesfrom the field, were artificially inoculated to the leaves of these plants in moist chambor, to leafy branches in water culture and to plantsgrowing in diseasefree region. Results of these inoculations showed that all symptoms caused by these two different kinds of inocula were similar, also that similarleaf spots appeared on leaves either inoculated in the laboratory or inoculated in the open field. However, in the first treatment only alow percentage (10.3%) of leaves forming sporodochia on leaf-spots could be found. Higher percentages might be obtained by: (1) placing the inoculated branches in an open large glass chamber and sprayed with water at intervals to maintain a dry and moist condition alternately. (2) placing the leafy branches into a thick growth of grasses under the forestry which was free of tea-oil trees 24-48 hrs. after leaf-spots appeared on these branches inoculated in the laboratory. (3) inoculating the leaves of tea-oil trees in disease-free region directly. 52.2-100% of leaves formed sporodochia on their leaf spots,even if bits of mycelia from cultures isolated from diseased tissues were used as inoculum. It proved that all leaf-spots, spordochiaforming or non-sporodochia-forming,were caused by the same causal fungus. In the meantime, it was also proved that the 'agaric-like' structures, i.e. sporodochia were fruit bodies of the fungus. Sections from obth spore-forming(naturally developed or artificially induced) 'black' and non-spore-forming 'white' sporodochia were made. It was observed that the entireupper surface of the former was covered with phialides together with phialospores, and the latter was composed of densely compacted conidiophores growing radiantlyfrom the apex of the stem of the 'agaric-like' structures and it wa sclearly indicated that they were sporodochia of the pathogenic fungus. In attempts to identify the pathogen, the present authors have compared this fungus with the two allied genera, Nalanthamala and Agyriella. Therewas no evidence, however, that would warrant the placing of this fungus in either of these two genera. Therefore, we base on the causal organism of the soft-rotdisease of tea-oil trees, Agaricodochium camelliae Liu, Wei et Fan sp. nov. as a type species to found a new genus, Agaricodochium Liu gen. nov.The type specimen is deposited in the Mycological Herbarium of the Institute of Microbiology, Academia Sinica, Beijing. |
關鍵字 | 傘座孢屬, 油條傘座孢, 油茶軟腐病 |
期刊 | 微生物學報 21(2):154-163, 1981 |
Publication | Acta Microbiologica Sinica (Chinese; English Abstract), 21(2):pp.154-163, 1981 |
分享省市 | 浙江省常山縣 |
Place | Changshan County, Zhejiang Province, Chi |
採集地 | 油茶研究所內油茶 林中帶有近褐色至褐色病斑壞死的油茶樹葉 |
Environment | The organism isolated on the leves of tea-oil trees with near brown to brown ill spot, it collected from the tea-oil trees plantation of Institute of Tea-Oil Trees, Changshan , Zhejiang Province, China |
生態環境 | 中亞熱帶季風氣候油茶種植園 |
寄主 | 油茶的葉片 |
Habitat | middle-subtropical mensoon climate tea-oil trees plantation |
Host | on the leves of tea-oil trees |
採集人 | 劉錫[王+進] 廖銀璋 |
Isolation Person | Liu Xijin and Liao Yinzhang |
保存單位 | 中國科學院微生物研究所真菌標本室, 北京 100080 |
Preservation Unit | Mycological Herbarium, Institute of Microbiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China |
Speciman No. | HMAS 40324 |
全文 | |
Note | The species is a important fungi's ill pathogen of tea-oil trees. The plant is a important oil crop at Jiangxi, Zhenjiang, Yunnan, Hunan, Anhui, Guangxi, Fujian, Shaanxi provinces.The seeds extract oil to use food or industry. The residue may used as fertilizer or to make washing product, also kill insect in rice field. |
備註 | 該菌是油茶軟腐病的病原菌, 是 我國江西, 浙江, 雲南, 湖南, 安徽, 廣西, 福建, 陝西 等地油茶產區的重要病害. 油茶是我國中部地區重要油料 作物,榨出的油可供食用和工業用, 剩餘的殘渣可作肥料 或用於洗滌產品, 也可用於殺稻田害蟲. |
